2020-2021学年英语外研版选修8学案：MODULE 4 SECTION Ⅱ　GRAMMAR——状语和状语从句 WORD版含答案.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Section Grammar状语和状语从句语法图解典句感知It can sound very different from place to place.For example, within London the most famous dialect is cockney.One woman was lying in bed, awake.A customer came up to the author holding a copy of the book and said Emma Chissit.The boy needs a pen to do hi

2、s homework.Well start our project if the president agrees.Ill give you an answer immediately Ive finished reading the report.The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort the moment he returned to his office.Poor as he was, he was honest.语法领悟(1)句为词语作状语，句为句子作状语。(2)为非谓语动词作状语。(3)句中

3、的条件状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(4)句用副词引导状语从句；句用名词性短语引导时间状语从句。(5)句中的状语从句使用了倒装语序。一、状语状语的位置和状语的构成状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分，一般表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、伴随情况等意义。状语在句中的位置比较灵活，修饰形容词的状语，通常放在所修饰的词之前；修饰动词的状语，一般放在所修饰的动词之后，但有些副词，如always, often, never等词作状语时，则放在实义动词之前，助动词、be动词或情态动词之后。状语通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词短语、独立主格结构以及从

4、句等来充当。I often see her walk in the park.我常看见她在公园里散步。We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到在我们前方有一束奇异的光。He did the work on his own.他独自一人干了这活儿。He is proud to have passed the exam.他因通过考试而感到自豪。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.尽管被告知了多次，他仍然犯同样的错误。即学即练1

5、单句语法填空1You dont have to run fast or for long to_see (see) the benefit.解析：本句有谓语，因此此处应用非谓语动词；分析句子结构及句意可知，此处应用动词不定式to see作目的状语。2The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing (allow) more patients to be treated.解析：句意：这家医院最近得到新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。前面的整个句子与动词allow之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词作结

6、果状语。3Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.解析：句意：因为是一周多前预订的，这些书现在有望随时到货。order与the books之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。二、状语从句状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号隔开；放在主句之后时，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用一般可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句和地点状语从句等。(一)时间状语从句

7、1when, while, as都可以引导时间状语从句，但有所不同。(1)when可以指某个具体的时间，从句的谓语动词表示的动作可与主句的动作同时发生，也可先于主句动作；when也可以指一段时间，从句的谓语动词可以表示一时性的动作，又可表示持续性的动作。When they heard the news, they were very surprised.当他们听到那个消息时，他们非常惊讶。When I was walking along the street, I saw some policemen.我沿着那条街走时，看到了一些男警察。Her grandma died when she wa

8、s eleven years old.她11岁那年祖母去世了。(2)while意为“当的时候”，引导的时间状语从句常表示一段时间或一个过程，从句的谓语动词用延续性动词。while引导的时间状语从句强调主句的动作或状态和从句的动作或状态同时发生或存在。Dont talk so loud while others are working.其他人工作时，请勿大声说话。While the child was playing with his toys, his parents were watching TV.当那个孩子在玩玩具时，他的父母在看电视。(3)as表示“当的时候”，往往强调“随着”或“一边

9、一边”。As he was reading, he was shaking his head, which surely slowed down his reading speed.他边读书边摇着头，这当然降低了他的阅读速度。As you grow older, youll become wiser and wiser.随着年龄的增长，你会变得越来越明智。即学即练2 单句语法填空1Its good to know that the dogs will be well cared for when/while were away.解析：句意：当我们不在家的时候，知道这些狗将会被好好照顾真是太好了

10、。根据句意可知，此处表示“当时”，故用when/while引导时间状语从句。2It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.解析：句意：当父亲把我叫醒并告诉我看足球赛的时候，是半夜。when在此引导时间状语从句。3As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.解析：句意：随着人口平均年龄的增加，越来越多的老人

11、需要照顾。根据语境可知应填As，As在此引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。2表示“一就”的单词或短语引导的时间状语从句(1)副词instantly, immediately, directly表示“一就”，可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。I recognized her instantly I saw her.我一看见她就认出了她。The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进了房间。(2)as soon as, no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.w

12、hen., the moment/minute/instant.意为“一就”。As soon as I finish the homework, Ill go to see you.我一完成家庭作业，就会去看你。No sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him.他刚下火车，女儿就朝他跑去。We had hardly sat down at the table when the phone rang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话就响了。特别提醒 no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.w

13、hen.中主句的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，从句的谓语动词常用一般过去时。当no sooner.和hardly/scarcely.位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我一到家，天就开始下雨了。即学即练3 单句语法填空1I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.解析：句意：我刚到办公室，我的妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。h

14、ardly.when.是固定句式，表示“一就”。2He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.解析：考查固定句型“no sooner.than.”，该句型表示“一就”。3till和until引导的时间状语从句连词用法动词意义till/until主句和从句都用肯定形式主句的谓语动词为延续性动词直到为止主句用否定形式，从句用肯定形式主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词直到才Ill stay here till/until the rain stops.我会待在这里直到雨停。I didnt go to bed

15、 till/until my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。特别提醒 (1)till不可以置于句首，而until可以置于句首。Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我对此事才有所了解。(2)如果将“not until”放在句首，那么主句要用部分倒装。Not until we pointed out their fault did they realize it.直到我们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。即学即练4 单项选择If you dont understand something, you may rese

16、arch, study, and talk to other people _ you figure it out.AbecauseBthoughCuntil Dsince答案：C解析：句意：如果你遇到不懂的东西，你可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。根据句意可知，空处应用until引导时间状语从句，表示句中的动作“research, study, and talk to other people”一直延续到until引导的从句所表达的时间才结束。4一些表示时间的名词词组，如the second time, each/every time, the first time等也可引导

17、时间状语从句，这时它们具有连词的功能。Each time he came, he would bring us a lot of flowers.他每次来，都会给我们带很多花。The first time I saw her, I fell in love with her.我第一次见到她，我就爱上了她。5before和since引导的时间状语从句(1)before表示“在之前”，它引导的从句中，谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之后。before常用于以下句型：Please write it down before you forget it.在你忘记之前请把它写下来。It

18、 will be half a year before I come back.半年之后我才回来。It wont be long before we meet again.不久之后我们就会再见面。It wasnt long before he left the country.没过多久他就离开了这个国家。It was some time before I realized the truth.过了一段时间我才悟出真相。(2)since表示自某一时间点以来，主句常用完成时态或完成进行时态，在强调语意时since前可加ever。主句可以用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词，从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性

19、动词。since常用于以下句型：It is/has been一段时间since.(从句用一般过去时)自以来已经有时间了。(从句谓语用短暂性动词时，表示动作持续了多久；用延续性动词时，往往表示某一动作或状态的终止)It is five days since he came here.他已经来这儿五天了。It is five days since he was here.他已经离开这儿五天了。It is three years since I began to smoke.我吸烟已有三年了。It is three years since I smoked.我不吸烟已有三年了。即学即练5 1单项选择

20、There is only one more day to go _ your favorite music group play live.Asince BuntilCwhen Dbefore答案：D解析：句意：只要再等一天，你最喜欢的音乐组合就要现场演出了。since自以来；until直到为止；when当时；before在之前。根据句意可知选D。2单句改错If you miss this chance, it may be years when you get another one.when改为before解析：句意：如果你错过这次机会，可能得过好多年你才能得到另一个机会。根据句意可知，

21、此处应用before引导时间状语从句，表示“过多久才”。(二)条件状语从句条件状语从句可由if, unless, so/as long as, on condition that等引导。应注意的问题如下：1unless在意义上相当于if.not。因此，在某些场合，unless引导的肯定条件状语从句可以与if引导的否定条件状语从句互换。Unless you change your mind, I wont be able to help you.If you dont change your mind, I wont be able to help you.如果你不改变主意，我就不能帮助你。2s

22、o/as long as, on condition that引导条件状语从句时，表示“只要”。So long as I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.只要我知道钱是安全的，我就不会担心。You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank.只要你不离河岸太远，你就可以下水游泳。3only if引导的条件状语从句用陈述语气，only if意为“只要”。Only if you have persistence can you

23、 achieve success.只要坚持下去，你就能取得成功。即学即练6 单项选择1_ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.AAlthoughBWhileCIf DUntil答案：C解析：句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上许多动植物将不复存在。根据句意可知，此处用If引导条件状语从句。2_ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one o

24、r two nights.AOnce BUnlessCIf DWhen答案：B解析：句意：除非你睡眠好，否则你一两个夜晚后就不能集中注意力，不能做计划，也不能保持积极性。unless “除非”符合句意。(三)让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词主要有though, although, even though/if, while, as, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, “no matter特殊疑问词”等。1though, although, even if和even though引导让步状语从句时皆有“虽然，即使，尽管”之意，其中even if和e

25、ven though语气较强，though和although语气较弱，though不如although正式。Although they did a lot of work that day, they were all in high spirits.虽然他们那天做了很多工作，但是他们的情绪都很高昂。She still carried on working even though/if she had caught a bad cold.尽管患了重感冒，但她仍然继续工作。2“no matter特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句时，相当于“特殊疑问词ever”。He keeps running in

26、winter no matter how cold it is.冬天不管有多冷，他都坚持跑步。Whatever work we do, we should do our best.不管做什么工作，我们都应该尽力。即学即练7 单项选择1_ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.AOnceBIfCAlthough DBecause答案：C解析：句意：虽然鸟类用羽毛来飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。状语从句与主句在逻辑上是转折关系，故用Although引导让步状语从句

27、，表示“虽然”。once引导条件状语从句或时间状语从句；if引导条件状语从句；because引导原因状语从句。2_ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.AWhile BUnlessCSince DUntil答案：A解析：句意：虽然这些学生来自不同的国家，但他们在夏令营中相处得很好。根据语境可知，此处应用while引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”。(四)地点状语从句1地点状语从句表示主句中某一动作或状态发生的地点或进行的方向，这类从句通常由where,

28、 wherever等引导，从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。where指“在地方”，wherever指“在任何地方”。Bamboo grows well where it has plenty of rain.竹子在雨水多的地方长得很好。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will help you.不管你去哪里，做任何事情，我都会帮你。2地点状语从句与定语从句的区别关键看从句在句中作什么成分：作状语，则是地点状语从句；作定语修饰先行词，则是定语从句。where引

29、导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则不需要。Go back where you came from.你从哪儿来就回哪儿去。(where引导地点状语从句)Go back to the village where you came from.回到你来的那个村子里去。(where引导定语从句，修饰village)即学即练8 单句语法填空Half an hour later, Lucy still couldnt get a taxi where the bus had dropped her.解析：句意：半小时以后，露西在她下公交车的地方仍然没有打到车。where在此引

30、导地点状语从句，表示“在地方”。(五)原因状语从句1because引导的原因状语从句常置于主句的后面。because引导的从句位于句首时要用逗号将从句和主句分开，位于句末时，可不用逗号。because表示直接原因，语气最强，可用于回答why引导的疑问句。I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。I missed the train because I got up late.我错过了火车，因为我起晚了。2since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前，表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)，较为正式，语

31、气比because弱。seeing that, now (that), considering (that)和in that与since引导原因状语从句时的意思相近，都表示“既然”。Since you dont trust him, you should not employ him.既然你不信任他，就不该雇用他。Now (that) you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents.既然你已经长大了，你就不应该依靠你的父母了。Considering (that) everybody is here, lets begin our d

32、iscussion.既然大家都到了，我们就开始讨论吧。3as引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明双方已知的原因，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活。As it is raining, youd better take a taxi.既然下着雨，你最好乘出租车。I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.我睡得早，因为我已筋疲力尽了。特别提醒 for和上述三个从属连词不同，它是一个并列连词，连接的是并列句。for连接的句子并不是主句行为发生的直接原因，只是提供一些辅助性的补充说明。for连接的并列句只能放在句子后面，并且必须用逗号隔开。We should b

33、e more careful, for it is already dark.天已黑了，我们应更小心些。即学即练9 单项选择1I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.AbecauseBbeforeCunlessDuntil答案：A解析：句意：我真的喜欢听音乐，因为它能帮助我放松，让我不再去想一天中其他的烦心事。根据句意可知，这里应用because引导原因状语从句，说明喜欢听音乐的原因。2Mark needs to learn

34、Chinese _ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.Aunless Buntil Calthough Dsince答案：D解析：句意：马克需要学习汉语，因为他的公司要在北京开一个分公司。连词since表示“由于，因为”，符合语境。3Coach, can I continue with the training?Sorry, you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury.Auntil Bbefore Cas Dunless答案：C解析：句意：教练，我可以继续训练吗？很抱歉，不可以，因

35、为你还没有从膝盖受伤中恢复过来。根据句意可知，此处应用引导原因状语从句的连词，选项中只有as可引导原因状语从句，故选C。(六)目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连接词有：so that, in order that, lest, for fear (that)，目的状语从句中常含有may, might, can, could, should, will, would等情态动词。1so that引导目的状语从句只能置于主句之后，in order that引导目的状语从句可放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，都表示“目的是，以便”。Say it louder so that/in order that

36、everyone can hear you.大声说，以便大家都能听到你(说话)。2lest, for fear (that)引导目的状语从句，表示“以免，生怕”。lest引导的从句谓语一般用“(should)动词原形”。She took her umbrella lest it should rain.她带了把雨伞，以防下雨。The hostage ran away for fear (that) he might one day be killed.人质逃跑了，生怕有一天会被杀掉。即学即练10 单项选择Lets not pick these peaches until this weeken

37、d _ they get sweet enough to be eaten.Aever sinceBas ifCeven though Dso that答案：D解析：从句意的连贯性来看，空前说“等到周末再摘这些桃子”，空后说“它们就变得够甜了，可以吃了”，这里应该用so that “以便”引导目的状语从句。(七)结果状语从句结果状语从句补充说明主句中事件发生的结果，通常位于主句之后。“so.that”和“such.that”均可引导结果状语从句，表示“如此以至于”。其中such修饰名词，so修饰形容词或副词。1“so.that”引导结果状语从句的常用结构有：It was so cold tha

38、t the river froze.天气如此寒冷，河水都结冰了。The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.球重重地打在了他身上， 结果他差点儿掉到水里。It was so hot a day that they wanted to go swimming.天如此热，他们想去游泳。He gave me so little time that it was impossible for me to finish the work on time.他给我的时间如此少，要我按时完成这项工作是不可能的。2“such.th

39、at”引导结果状语从句的常用结构有：Bob was such a lovely baby that I couldnt help smiling at him.鲍勃是个非常可爱的宝宝，我忍不住向他微笑。They are such good teachers that we all respect them greatly.他们是非常好的老师，我们都非常尊敬他们。It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the beach.天气如此好，我想去海滩。(八)方式状语从句1as引导方式状语从句时，意为“如同，按照的方式(样子，办法)”，从句常

40、位于主句之后。You must hold the tool as I do.你必须像我这样拿工具。They did as I had asked.他们是按照我的要求做的。2as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，都表示“仿佛，好像”，引导的状语从句多用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时，与过去事实相反用过去完成时；有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。They completely ignore these facts as if/as though they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们从来不存在似的。(与现在事实相反)

41、He looked as if/as though he had been struck by lightning.他看起来就像被闪电击了似的。(与过去事实相反)It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大)单句语法填空1The girl used to be shy, but is gradually (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.2During the MidAutumn

42、 Festival, family members often gather together to_share (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.3Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to_talk (talk) over what is bothering them.4The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making (make) air conditioning unneces

43、sary.5Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.6Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using (use) the sun and the stars.7To_learn (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.

44、8Susan came to the party yesterday, but it was already half past eight when she turned up.9Immediately (immediate) she reached her home, Lily went to the kitchen and began to prepare supper.10No matter how well prepared a gymnast is, he still needs a lot of luck when he is performing.- 17 - 版权所有高考资源网