2020-2021学年英语外研版选修8学案：MODULE 4 SECTIONⅠ　INTRODUCTION & READING AND SPEAKING WORD版含答案.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Module 4Which English？SectionIntroduction & Reading and Speaking.重点单词1dialect n. 方言；地方话2matter v. 重要；要紧；有关系3count v. 很重要；很有价值4trace n. 痕迹；踪迹5unique adj. 独一无二的；独特的6author n. 作家；作者7link n. 联系8bilingual adj. 双语的；会讲两种语言的9debate n. 讨论；辩论10instantly adv. 立即；马上instant adj. 立即的；紧急的；立刻的 n. 瞬间

2、，立刻11recognisable adj. 能辨认的；能认出的recognise v. 认出；承认recognition n. 认出；承认12rhythm n. 节奏；韵律rhythmic adj. 有节奏的；有韵律的.核心短语1in_this_sense 从这种意义上说2from_place_to_place 从一个地方到另一个地方3as_well_as 又，也；除之外(也)4tell.apart 区分开5agree_on 就达成共识6as long as 只要 7or rather 更确切地说 8lie in 在于9in case 万一，如果10in particular 特别地；尤其

3、.经典句式1When you receive a phone call from a friend, how long does it take_you_to_know who it is?当你接到一个朋友的电话时，你花多久才知道对方是谁？2In this sense everybodys use of languagewhether_English,_Chinese,_or_any_otheris different.从这个意义上来说，每个人对语言的使用不管是英语、汉语或者任何其他语言都是不一样的。3You could say that there are as_many_varieties

4、_of_English,_or any other language for that matter, as there are speakers of it.你可以这样说，对英语或者任何别的语言而言，有多少使用者，就有多少种变体。4Perhaps correctness doesnt matteras_long_as speakers can understand each otherits communication that counts.也许正确并不要紧只要说话的人互相明白就行重要的是交流本身。课文预读Which English?When you receive a phone cal

5、l from a friend, how long does it take you to know who it is？【1】 A few seconds, perhaps. The quality of someones voice and their choice of words make a person instantly recognisable， even though you cant see him or her【2】. In this sense everybodys use of languagewhether English, Chinese, or any othe

6、ris different. You could say that there are as many varieties of English, or any other language for that matter， as there are speakers of it.English is spoken as an official language in more than 60 countries across the world and it can sound very different from place to place. Pronunciation, as wel

7、l as grammar and vocabulary, can change very quickly from one area to another. For example, within London the most famous dialect is cockney. It is only usually spoken by people from the east of that city so it is not the only form of English you will hear【3】. You can usually tell which part of the

8、Englishspeaking world someone comes from by their accent, and there are some very recognisable accents all over Britain. It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart.【4】Although most people believe there is a right and a wrong way to speak English, there is not really a standard

9、form that everyone can agree on.【5】 English spread across the world over hundreds of years because of trade, exploration and business, and this process produced many different Englishes. Professors of linguistics， writers and teachers all worry about providing a perfect model to follow but as it is

10、so widely spoken, it has become impossible to say which English is “correct” and which is “incorrect”. 【6】Perhaps correctness doesnt matteras long as speakers can understand each otherits communication that counts【7】AustraliaGday! Dya speak Strine? Or rather， Hello! Do you speak Australian? Australi

11、a is one of the youngest nations in the world. The first English speakers arrived little more than 200 years agoand they didnt want to【8】. Most of them were prisoners sent there to work【9】. They came from all over Britain, but especially from Northern Ireland and the London area, which is why the Au

12、stralian accent today has traces of both Irish and cockney speech patterns【10】. The English speakers found a people who had been living in Australia for more than 50,000 years【11】the Aborigines, and an extraordinary variety of wildlife, unique to the continent. Many of the Aboriginal words for these

13、 animals, such as kangaroo, koala and kookaburra soon passed into the language.【1】When you.a friend是When引导的时间状语从句，主句中含有固定句式：it takes sb.some time to do sth.“某人花多长时间做某事”。who it is为who引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序。instantly adv. 立即，马上recognisable adj. 能辨认的，能认出的【2】even though you.her是even though引导的让步状语从句。in this sense

14、 从这个意义上说for that matter 在那方面，就此而论dialect n. 方言，地方话cockney n. 伦敦东区土话【3】you will hear是定语从句，修饰先行词the only form of English，省略了关系代词that。tell.apart 区分开tell A from B 区分A和Btell the difference (s) between A and B 区分A和B【4】此句中，It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to tell.apart。agree on指“(双方或多方协商后)在方面取得一致意见”。【5】Although在此引导让步状

15、语从句，该从句中的there is.English是believe的宾语。that everyone can agree on是定语从句，修饰先行词form。linguistics n. 语言学【6】本句是由but连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中，to follow作后置定语，修饰model。在第二个分句中，as it is so widely spoken是as引导的原因状语从句，主句是it has become.“incorrect”，其中it是形式主语，不定式短语to say.“incorrect”是真正的主语。which English is “correct” and which i

16、s “incorrect”是and连接的两个宾语从句，作say的宾语。matter v. 重要，要紧；有关系It doesnt matter if/who/why/what/when/where/that.并不重要。matter a lot/a great deal非常重要as long as只要(引导条件状语从句，也可写作so long as)count v. 很重要；很有价值【7】its.that.是强调句型。or rather 更确切地说(常用作插入语)【8】此处是动词不定式的省略形式。为避免重复，作宾语或谓语的一部分的动词不定式再次出现时，往往省略，只保留动词不定式符号to。【9】se

17、nt there to work是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰prisoners。trace n. 痕迹，踪迹【10】which is why.patterns是非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语，why the Australian accent.patterns作表语。people 在这里是“种族”的意思，是可数名词。【11】who had been.years是定语从句，修饰a people。unique adj. 独一无二的；独特的be unique to (对某地、某人、某民族来说是)独特的，特有的pass into融入，纳入，变为其中的一部分lie i

18、n (问题、答案、责任、困难等)在于intonation n. 语调author n. 作家，作者译文助读哪种英语？当你接到一个朋友的电话时，你多久才能知道对方是谁？或许(只要)几秒钟。一个人的音质和措辞都能让这个人立即被认出来，即使你看不见是谁。从这个意义上来说，每个人对语言的使用不管是英语、汉语，还是其他任何语言都是不一样的。你可以这样说，对英语或者任何别的语言而言，有多少使用者，就有多少种变体。英语在全世界六十多个国家被作为官方语言使用，但是各地的英语听起来差别会很大。发音、语法和词汇可能会因地方的不同而有很明显的变化。例如，在伦敦，最有名的方言是伦敦东区土话。通常只有伦敦东部的人说这种

19、方言，因此它不会是你所能听到的唯一一种英语类型。根据口音，你能够分辨出人们来自英语世界的哪个地区，而在英国各地也有一些非常容易辨认的口音。要将英国英语和美国英语区分开也很容易。尽管大多数人认为说英语的方式有正确与错误之分，但是没有一种人人都认同的标准模式。几百年来，由于贸易、探险以及商业的发展，英语已经传播到世界各地，在此过程中产生了许多不同种类的英语。语言学家、作家以及教师都在为提供一种完美的范例而发愁，但是由于英语使用如此之广，所以，说某种英语是正确的而某种英语是错误的已是不可能的了。也许正确与否并不要紧只要说话的人互相明白就行重要的是交流本身。澳大利亚Gday! Dya speak St

20、rine？更确切地说，Hello! Do you speak Australian？澳大利亚是世界上最为年轻的国家之一。第一批说英语的人到达这里也不过是两百多年前的事，而且这也不是他们自愿的。他们中大部分是发配到那里做工的犯人。他们来自英国各地，但主要是来自北爱尔兰以及伦敦区，这也是澳大利亚英语带有爱尔兰和伦敦东区口音的原因。这些讲英语的人发现了土著人一个在澳大利亚生活了五万多年的民族；他们还发现这片土地上有独特的、种类丰富的野生生物物种。土著人关于这些动物的很多词语，比如袋鼠(kangaroo)、树袋熊(koala)以及笑翠鸟(kookaburra)等，很快地融入了英语。但澳大利亚英语和其他

21、几种英语的最主要的区别在于单音和音调模式。有时候英美国家的人很难弄懂澳大利亚口音，所以犯错也就不足为奇了。几年前，一位著名的英国作家在悉尼的一家书店签售他的书。一名顾客手里拿着一本书走上前去，说“Emma Chissit”。这个作家以为Emma Chissit是这位女士的名字。但当他询问如何拼写顾客名字以便她要他在书上签名的时候(献给Emma Chissit，并致敬意)，他突然明白过来顾客问的是：这本书多少钱？牙买加和新加坡澳大利亚英语直接源于英国英语，但是在其他一些将英语作为第一语言的国家情况就不同了。牙买加以及其他加勒比海沿岸国家的英语有非洲语言的一些语法特征，牙买加人的祖辈们使用的是非洲

22、语言，所以他们所使用的英语中通常没有所有格符号s(s) (他们用that woman house而不用that womans house)，也没有系动词和冠词(他们用He good man而不用Hes a good man)。另外一个特点就是节奏。正是说唱音乐的节奏在20世纪80年代在美国流行起来了。而在地球另一端的新加坡，英语作为第二语言被大约一半的人口使用着。新加坡还说马来语以及汉语。在新加坡几乎每一个人都说两种语言，而有些人说三到四种语言。这里最常见的英语变体被称为新加坡式英语。新加坡式英语中句子通常以lah一词结尾。此种语言在语法以及词汇方面尤其受到了马来语以及汉语中一种叫作Hokki

23、en(即客家话，闽南地区使用)的方言的影响。至今，新加坡还有关于哪种英语最好的争论：是新加坡式英语还是一种更接近英式英语的英语。这也是1999年开展的“讲好英语活动”的目的。课文理解Step Fast readingSkim the passage and match each paragraph with its main idea.Para.1AThe features of Jamaican English.Para.2 BThe features of Singlish.Para.3 CHow the Australian English appeared.Para.4 DThe pr

24、oblem on the standard form of English.Para.5 EVarieties of English.Para.6 FDifferences in pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary.Para.7 GDifferences between Australian English and other varieties of English.答案：Para.1Para.7EFDCGABStep Careful readingChoose the best answers according to the passage.1Ac

25、cording to the writer, you can know who it is when someone phones you because _.Athis persons voice is different from othersBthis person uses different words from othersCeither A or BDboth A and B答案：D2Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 2?AEnglish spoken by people in different

26、areas sounds different.BBritish English and American English are similar.CYou can tell which part of the Englishspeaking world a person comes from by his accent.DEnglish pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary can change quickly from place to place.答案：B3There are different Englishes in the world. But

27、it is impossible to tell which English is correct because _.Amost people dont agree that there is a right way to speak EnglishBthe development of English has produced many different EnglishesCEnglish is widely spoken and it is impossible to provide a model to followDpeople only pay attention to how

28、they can communicate答案：C4It is NOT mentioned in the passage that Australia is a country _.Awhere British government once sent its prisoners to workBwhich is one of the youngest nations in the worldCwhose English is sometimes hard to understand for people from other Englishspeaking countriesDwhere th

29、ere are unusual spellings of English words答案：D5In the last part of the text, the writer mainly wants to tell us that _.Athe English spoken in a certain country is influenced by the mother tongue of the speakersBJamaica English has features of some African languagesCmany people in Singapore are bilin

30、gualDJamaica English and Singapore English are quite different to British English答案：AStep After readingRead the text and fill in the following blanks.There are as many varieties of English as there are speakers of it. English _1_ (speak) as an official language in more than 60 countries, and it can

31、sound very different from place to place. _2_ is easy for us to tell British English _3_ American English.There is not really a standard form that everyone can agree on and English is _4_ (wide) spoken, so it is hard to tell which English is correct. As long as speakers can understand each other, _5

32、_ (correct) doesnt matter._6_ (Australia) English has traces of both Irish and cockney speech patterns, because the first speakers were prisoners _7_ came from all over Britain. Many of the Aboriginal words passed into the language. But the main differences lie _8_ individual sounds and intonation p

33、atterns.But this is not the case, the variety of English _9_ (speak) in Jamaica has some of the grammatical features of the American languages.On the _10_ side of the world, in Singapore, English is spoken by about half the population. Sentences often end with the word lah. English has been influenc

34、ed especially by Malay and the Chinese dialect Hokkien.1is_spoken2.It3.from4.widely5.correctness6Australian7.who8.in9.spoken10.other1 (教材P44)The quality of someones voice and their choice of words make a person instantly recognisable, even though you cant see him or her.一个人的音质和措辞都能让这个人立即被分辨出来，即使你看不见

35、是谁。归纳拓展instant n. 某一时刻；瞬间，片刻adj. 立即的，立刻的；紧急的；(食品等)速食的，方便的the instant (that). 一就in an instant 立刻，马上经典例句She solved the question instantly.她即刻就解决了那个问题。He sent me an email instantly he arrived in Paris.他一到巴黎就给我发了一封电子邮件。名师点津instantly既可以作副词，也可以作连词，有类似用法的词还有immediately, directly等。作副词时意为“立即，立刻”，作连词时意为“一就”。I

36、mmediately shed gone, I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。I went home directly I had finished work.我一做完工作就回家了。即学即练一句多译我刚到办公室，我的妻子就打电话让我马上回家。My wife phoned me to go back home at once instantly/immediately/directly I arrived at the office.The_instant I arrived at the office, my wife phoned me to go ba

37、ck home at once.2 count vi. 重要 vt. (按顺序)数数；计算总数；把算入，包括；看作，认为，被视为(教材P44)Perhaps correctness doesnt matteras long as speakers can understand each otherits communication that counts.也许正确与否不要紧只要说话的人互相明白就行重要的是交流本身。归纳拓展count (sb./sth.) as.认为某人/某物是count down 倒计时count sb.in/out 把某人算入/不包括某人count on(depend on

38、) 依赖，依靠，指望count up 把加起来，计算总数 经典例句His promises dont count for much.他的承诺算不了什么。Many people will say, “its the thought that counts” when it comes to gifts.一提到礼物，许多人都会说“贵在心意”。She began to count up how many guests they had to invite.她开始计算他们得邀请多少位客人。There were twenty people in the bus, counting the driver.

39、包括司机在内，公共汽车里有20个人。I count her as one of my best friends.我视她为我最好的朋友之一。This study of hers counts as the best in the field.她的这项研究在该领域算是最好的。即学即练(1)判断下列句子中count的含义I counted the money. It was more than five hundred dollars.计算总数Everyone should learn something about first aid, for every second counts in an

40、emergency.重要Beth has a good voice, but she has never counted herself as a real singer.认为(2)单句语法填空The workers are hardworking and reliable, so you could count on them to complete the project on time.Lisa is graduating next month and she is counting down to that big day.I must count up how much money

41、Ive spent today.If youre going out tonight youll have to count me out. I have to prepare for the interview tomorrow.3 (教材P45)Today there is a debate in Singapore about which variety of English is the best: Singlish, or a variety closer to British English, which is the aim of the Speak Good English M

42、ovement created in 1999.至今，新加坡还有关于哪种英语最好的争论：是新加坡式英语还是一种更接近英式英语的英语。这也是1999年开展的“讲好英语活动”的目的。归纳拓展under debate 正在讨论中a heated/lively debate 一场激烈/热烈的争论debate (with sb.) about/on sth. 就(与某人)进行辩论debate wh从句/wh to do sth. 讨论经典例句As far as I know, the proposal is still under debate.据我所知，这项提案仍在讨论中。The students h

43、ad a heated debate on the topic.学生们就这个话题进行了激烈的辩论。We debated on the question deep into the night.我们就这个问题辩论到深夜。I debated with Mary about this matter.我和玛丽就这件事进行了讨论。The two sides debated whether to raise the prices of the goods.双方就是否提高商品的价格进行了讨论。即学即练单句语法填空They debated with each other about/on the questi

44、on of the origin of the universe.解析：句意：他们就宇宙的起源问题进行了辩论。debate with sb.about/on sth.就与某人进行辩论。The proposal under debate was put forward by the chairman.解析：句意：那个正在讨论中的提议是由主席提出来的。under debate正在讨论中。1 tell.apart 把区分开，分辨(教材P44)It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart.要将英国英语和美国英语区分开也

45、很容易。归纳拓展tell off责备，斥责tell.from. 把和区分开tell the difference(s) between. 区分经典例句Its difficult for me to tell the twins apart.我很难辨别那对双胞胎。I told the boys off (told off the boys) for making so much noise.男孩们太吵，我把他们训斥了一顿。I cant tell her from her sister. They are much alike.I cant tell her and her sister apar

46、t. They are much alike.我分不清她们姐妹俩，她们长得太像了。Its hard to tell the difference between the two versions.很难分辨这两个版本有什么区别。即学即练完成句子这对双胞胎非常相像，他们的母亲几乎都不能辨认出他们。The twins are so much alike that their mother can hardly tell_them_apart.我的老师过去常常因为我没有做作业而斥责我。My teacher used to tell_me_off for not doing my homework.我看

47、不出这两幅画之间的唯一区别。I cant tell_the_only_difference_between the two pictures.2 (教材P44)But the main differences between Australian English and other varieties of English lie in the individual sounds and intonation patterns.但澳大利亚英语和其他几种英语的最主要的区别在于单音和音调模式。归纳拓展lie down躺下休息lie in/to/on. 位于lie awake 醒着经典例句The p

48、roblem lies in deciding when to hold the meeting.问题在于决定何时举行会议。The solution to the problem lies in the improvement of the economic environment.这个问题的解决方法在于改善经济环境。Qingdao lies in the east of China.青岛位于中国的东部。All night he lay awake and kept thinking of his past.他整晚都醒着，不停地想着自己的过去。易混辨析单词词性词义过去式过去分词现在分词liev

49、.躺；位于laylainlyingliev.撒谎liedliedlien.谎言layv.放置；下蛋；产卵laidlaidlaying即学即练单句语法填空Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wakeup lies in resetting your body clock.(教材P45)The variety of English spoken in Jamaica， and other

50、 Caribbean countries， has some of the grammatical features of the African languages spoken by the ancestors of the Jamaican people， so that there is often no apostrophe s (s) (that woman house， instead of that womans house) or no link verb or article (He good man， instead of Hes a good man).牙买加以及其他加

51、勒比海沿岸国家的英语有非洲语言的一些语法特征，牙买加人的祖辈们使用的是非洲语言，所以他们所使用的英语中通常没有所有格符号s(s) (他们用that woman house而不用that womans house)，也没有系动词和冠词(他们用He good man而不用Hes a good man)。本句是主从复合句，主句中spoken in Jamaica, and other Caribbean countries和spoken by the ancestors of the Jamaican people都是过去分词短语作后置定语，分别修饰The variety of English和th

52、e African languages。so that引导结果状语从句。归纳拓展so that既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。具体用法如下：(1)so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，结果”，主从句可用逗号隔开。(2)so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，可用in order that替换，从句中常用may， can， could等情态动词。经典例句He was very humorous, so that we liked him very much.他非常幽默，因此我们都非常喜欢他。Bring it nearer so that I may see it

53、 more clearly.拿近一些，好让我看得更清楚些。名师点津学习so that时，还应注意它与“so.that.”的区别，“so.that.”仅用于引导结果状语从句。He always studied so hard that he made great progress.他学习一直很努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。即学即练(1)判断下列句子中so that引导的从句的类型We packed all the books in the wooden boxes so that they wouldnt get damaged.目的状语从句The movie was boring, so th

54、at by the time it finished, half of the audience had been asleep.结果状语从句(2)完成句子凯西在儿子出生时辞职了，以便能在家抚养她的孩子。Cathy quit her job when her son was born so_that/in_order_that she could stay at home and raise her child.单词拼写1It didnt matter (有关系) that our best player was injured after 10 minuteswe still won.2Po

55、lice suspect there may be a link (联系) between the two murders because they have found some similarities between them.3They began to speak rapidly in dialect (方言) so I couldnt follow them.4After a long debate (讨论), the House of Commons approved the bill.5First impressions really do count (重要) so we s

56、hould leave a good impression on them.6My wallet has been missing for several days and I cant find any trace (痕迹，踪迹) of it.7My ancestors (祖先) were French. They came to America a century ago.8Each persons DNA is unique (独一无二的), as is known to us.9The author (作者) has illustrated the book with some exc

57、ellent pictures.10You just dip the point of the pen in ink and press it here, then the pen is filled instantly (立刻).用方框中短语的适当形式填空tell.apart, as long as, lie in, as well as, in particular, agree on, or rather, end with1The teacher, as_well_as the students, is going to enjoy the play in the theatre th

58、is weekend.2His parents dont care what he does as_long_as he is happy.3I think, many people, women and children in_particular,_will be interested in the games at the party.4We all know that the value of the novel lies_in its description of the leading figures.5As soon as the detail has been agreed_on,_the results would be known to the public.6The twin sisters are so much alike that I just cant tell them apart.7The peace talk between the two countries ended_with signing an agreement.8He is a foreigner, or_rather an American.- 22 - 版权所有高考资源网