2019_2020学年高中英语Unit3Underthesea1SectionⅠWarmingUp.doc

1、Section Warming Up & ReadingComprehending 阅读理解APeople become defensive at the thought of someone telling them or implying(暗示) that they must change. “I am who I am; take it or leave it” is often the response. While many view these comments as signs of selfconfidence, in truth this attitude is typica

2、lly a coverup for being afraid.“If I change then I am admitting there is something wrong with me. If I change, then others are controlling who I am and dictating who I become.” Neither option is appealing. Like your clothing or hairstyle, what needs to change from time to time is your attitudes and

3、actionsthe way you think and behave. Keep in mind that negative attitudes and actions lead to difficulties in life.The willingness to change means one is accepting enough of themselves to realize they need improvement in certain aspects of their life; that they are not fully comfortable of the way t

4、hey are living; that they have a task in progress and are continually seeking to grow and improve. Like a worker who takes continuing education classes to always be up on the latest changes in their field so that they can be the best employee on the job, so is this same approach necessary to success

5、 in life.Resistance to change causes the same rigidity(死板) that can make a firm tree break in a strong wind. Those that are willing to bend to accommodate the wind remain unchanged. Humans who adopt an attitude that they will not change for anyone are fearful of giving up the satisfaction from other

6、s. Resistance to change in general can be an indication of one who lives in denial about their unhealthy attitudes, actions, lifestyles, relationships and so on. Low selfesteem(自尊) prevents them from recognizing their imperfections and lack of courage or selflove prevents them from making the necess

7、ary improvements. Even though we deny it, we all expect others to change for us in some way. A bad attitude is like a flat tire：if you dont change it you wont get very far in life.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了人要做出改变的原因。1What does the author regard resistance to change as?ASigns of fear.BSigns of defense.CSig

8、ns of inflexibility.DSigns of selfconfidence.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的in truth this attitude is typically a coverup for being afraid可知，作者认为反对改变事实上是为了掩饰恐惧。2According to the passage, a person needs to change himself in order to_Amake people around them feel more comfortableBimprove his certain imperfectionsCa

9、dapt to new environmentDdo more complex workB解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的they need improvement in certain aspects of their life可知，人们要改变自我是因为要完善自己某些方面的不足。3Whats the passage mainly about?AWhy people need to change.BHow to get far in the life journey.CHow to respond to peoples advice.DWhy people should build their

10、 selfesteem.A解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了人要做出改变的原因。BFemale seals dont change their spots, according to a new study by University of Alberta biologists. In fact, individual differences in boldness remain consistent(一致的) over time. The study is among the first to examine boldness in wild marine mammals in the fie

11、ld of animal personality. Animal personality influences many ecological processes, like how individuals interact with other species or respond to changing environmental conditions.Researchers studied female seals on Sable Island，home to the worlds largest grey seal colony. Over a period from 2008 to

12、 2016, biologist Christi Bubac and a field team led by Fisheries and Oceans Canada measured boldness responses in the female seals when defending their young. “During the breeding season, we saw that females tend to behave consistently, not only between years, but also within the lactation period(哺乳

13、期) of a given year，” explained Bubac, lead author and PhD student in the Department of Biological Sciences studying with wildlife geneticist David Coltman. “This provides an example of animal personality, with consistent individual differences observed over time.”Bubac also examined how reproductive

14、 success is related to a seals boldness or shyness.Grey seals nurse for 16 to 18 days, so mother seals have a very short window to get baby seals as fat as they can. During this time, baby seals triple(增至三倍) in body mass. Body mass is a good predictor of reproductive success because it indicates the

15、 puppies chances of survival. “On average, we found that bolder females stop feeding those that are two kilograms heavier, compared with the shyest females, improving their chances of surviving the first year of life，” said Bubac.These results present some very interesting biological questions, expl

16、ained Coltman, professor of biology. “This research shows that young grey seal moms that are bold tend to stop feeding larger puppies compared with shy moms. However, older grey seals also tend to be bolder. If bolder animals have bigger pups and live longer, why does variation in boldness remain? W

17、hy be shy？”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。海豹也是有个性的，而海豹个性的个体差异会影响后代繁衍。4What is the purpose of the study of seals?ATo test their effects on ecological processes.BTo study how seals interact with each other.CTo check how the environment affects mammals.DTo examine marine mammals personality difference.D解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中

18、的The study is among the first to examine boldness in wild marine mammals in the field of animal personality.可知，研究的目的是了解海洋野生哺乳动物的个性差异。5What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?AAnimals have remained their personality since they were born.BFemale seals behave more boldly in the lactation period.CSeals bo

19、ldness responses remain the same over time.DThe study on seals personality has been very mature.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的During the breeding season.within the lactation period(哺乳期) of a given year及This provides an example of animal personality，with consistent individual differences observed over time.可知，

20、海豹的勇敢性保持不变。6Which of the following may Christi Bubac agree with?ABolder female seals adjust the nursing time to their babies weight.BMother seals tend to get babies as slim as possible.CIt usually takes mother seals 20 days to nurse.DBolder female seals feed less than shy ones.A解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Body

21、mass is a good predictor of reproductive success because it indicates the puppies chances of survival.可知，更勇敢的海豹妈妈喂养宝宝的时间长短以宝宝的体重为依据。C Much of what we know about memory comes from Henry Gustav Molaison(otherwise known as HM.). From the time he was a small child, HM. had epilepsy(癫痫症) so severe that d

22、octors suggested removing a portion of his brain in an attempt to cure the disease. So in 1953, when HM. was 27, his doctor Dr.William Beecher Scoville removed two sections of HM.s brain, including both of his hippocampi(海马体)Doctors quickly realized that HM.s lack of certain cognitive(认知的) functions

23、 had nothing to do with intelligence. HM. performed well on any IQ tests he was given. HM. could also remember clearly anything that had happened before his operation. It thus became clear that, since the surgery had affected his ability to create memories beyond a few minutes, the hippocampus must

24、be the area of the brain responsible for longterm memory.Dr.Brenda Milner, one of the many doctors to study HM., conducted an additional experiment with HM. where she asked him to describe a star he saw in a mirror. His first few efforts produced very shaky results since the task required moving in

25、the opposite direction from what the mirror showed.However, after repeated attempts, HM. finally finished the task despite having no memory of the event of having practiced it before. Thus, while the making of our longterm memories of people, places, or events may take place in the hippocampus, our

26、motor skill memories must be housed elsewhere.HM.s brain continues to be studied even after his death in 2008. In 2009, his brain was cut into about 2，000 pieces and digitally imaged down to the scale of individual neurons(神经元)Humans knowledge of brain disease and how the normal mind works would be

27、greatly reduced if it were not for the generosity of these people and their families.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。专家对H.M.的大脑进行了研究，发现在他的两个海马体被切除之后，他的智力并没有受到什么影响，只是不能记住新的东西而已。7The doctors removed parts of HM.s brain including the hippocampus in order to _Aprevent him from getting dementiaBresearch into his memories

28、Ccure him of his epilepsyDstudy his intelligenceC解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的From the time he was a small child.in an attempt to cure the disease.可知，医生之所以把H.M.大脑的部分切除掉，是为了医治他的癫痫症。8After HM.received his operation, he_Agot poor scores in IQ testsBstill remembered what he had doneCcould remember new things longerD

29、needed more time to memorize thingsB解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的H.M.could also remember clearly anything that had happened before his operation.可知，在手术之后，H.M.还记得以前的事情。9What does the underlined word “shaky” in Paragraph 3 mean?AUncertain.BRemarkable.CUncommon. DExpected.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的since the task required mo

30、ving in the opposite direction from what the mirror showed及第四段中的However，after repeated attempts.having practiced it before.可知，H.M.刚开始的尝试产生的结果是不确定的。10What did the additional experiment prove?APeople without the hippocampus have poor motor skills.BMotor skill memories arent housed in the hippocampus.C

31、It is more difficult to remember things happening at the moment.DPeople without the hippocampus wouldnt perform well in shortterm memories.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Thus, while the making of our longterm memories.our motor skill memories must be housed elsewhere.可知，实验表明，海马体并不是贮存运动技能的器官。 七选五Young Taylor Swift

32、For a certain 11yearold, a spring break trip to Nashville, Tennessee, was lifechanging. Nashville was the center of the country music industry.While her mom waited in the car, the girl walked into all the big record companies in town. 1._ None of the people there took her seriously thenbut they shou

33、ld have. Because that girl was Taylor Swift.2_ She listened to country music albums(专辑) until she knew all the lyrics(歌词). She performed at county fairs near her hometown of Wyomissing，Pennsylvania. At age 12, she taught herself to play guitar and wrote her first song.Making music came easily to Tay

34、lor, but making friends did not. 3._ “They all thought I was strange，”Taylor remembers. “I spent a lot of time alone.” So she focused on her music.4._ So they moved their family to Nashville. By age 14, Taylor was working parttime as a songwriter and performing new songs. Thats how she got her big c

35、hance. She was offered a record contract(合同) before she was old enough to drive a car!You probably know how this turned out. Since her first album came out in 2006, Taylor has won 10 Grammy Awards. Her album, 1989, has sold more than 9 million copies.5_ Her fans say her songs are honest. They feel a

36、s though she understands themand could even be their friend. Taylors fans like how her music makes them feel.ASo what makes Taylor so popular?BWhat kind of music does Taylor sing? CTaylors parents knew she was talented.DTaylor has been interested in singing since she was little.EShe introduced herse

37、lf and dropped off recordings of her singing.FTaylors parents have made her into a successful singersongwriter. GKids would move to a different table when she tried to sit with them at lunch.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国乡村流行乐女歌手泰勒斯威夫特。1E解析：根据上文中的While her mom waited in the car, the girl walked into all the

38、 big record companies in town.及下文中的None of the people there took her seriously thenbut they should have.可知，泰勒走入各大唱片公司推销自己并留下自己的录音带，但是当时并没有人在意她。E项符合此处语境。2D解析：根据下文中的She listened to country music albums(专辑) until she knew all the lyrics(歌词).At age 12, she taught herself to play guitar and wrote her fir

39、st song.可知，泰勒从小就热衷于唱歌。D项是对下文的概括。 3G解析：根据上文中的Making music came easily to Taylor, but making friends did not.及下文中的“They all thought I was strange，” Taylor remembers.可知，对于泰勒来说，交朋友是一件非常困难的事情，很多孩子都不愿意与她在一起，他们觉得她很奇怪。G项符合此处语境。4C解析：根据第一段中的Nashville was the center of the country music industry.及该空后的So they moved their family to Nashville.可知，泰勒的父母知道她有音乐方面的天赋，所以他们决定搬到乡村音乐之都纳什维尔，希望她在那里能有更好的发展。C项与下文构成因果关系。5A解析：根据下文中的Her fans say her songs are honest.可知，泰勒的粉丝认为她成功的原因是因为她的歌很真诚，能引起他们的共鸣。下文是对A项的解释说明。