2018高考英语专题训练之-名词性从句.doc

1、2019高考英语专题训练之专题八 名词性从句名词性从句：根据句子的结构可分为： 简单句一主一谓并列句由等立连词and, but, so, for把两个（以上）的简单句连在一起构成。复合句一个主句+从句（一个或以上）构成。定义根据从句在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。总述1. 主语从句在句中作主语，可用it作形式主语 e.g. What you said sounds reasonable.It is well known/reported/thought/said/ It is natural/surprising/n

2、ecessary/certain/true/clear It is a pity/a shame/an honour/no surprise/no wonder It doesnt matter whetherIt seemsappears that It happens that碰巧2. 表语从句-位于系动词之后,表语从句还可用as if/as though/because/why引导e.g. The question is who can complete the difficult task.同位语从句-跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。名词主要有：fact, news（word

3、）, promise, idea, truth, thought, suggestion, hope, proposal, doubt等。一般用that引导，不省略，不用which.也可用whether (不用if), who, what, which, when, where, how , whye.g. The news that our team has won the match is true.4宾语从句1）作及物动词或介词的宾语（it可作形式宾语；注意whether和if区别）2)直接引语和间接引语I doubt whetherif he will keep his word. I

4、 dont doubt that our team will win.一引导词1.从属连词有that, whether, if。它们只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分2.连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等。它们在从句中起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补或定语。3连接副词有when, where, why, how 等，它们既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语。how many(much, far, long, often, soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句二语序： 名词性从句中一律用陈述句语

5、序When he will arrive is not known.I dont know how I can get through the exam.三时态1在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态 Mary is very diligent. Mary was very diligent. Mary is reading English. Tom said Mary was reading English.Tom says Mary will give us a talk. Mary would give us a talk. Mary has been ca

6、ught in the rain. Mary had been caught in the rain. 但是，宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等，从句的时态仍用一般现在时。2在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致，关键要注意动作发生的先后。Who will win the first prize in the contest is not known to us.Have you any idea why he was so rude?四、语气1只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句，都要用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形，should 可以省略。 五宾语从句

7、否定词的转移 六、 if和whether表“是否”，一般情况下可以通用，下列情况下不可通用。1主语从句句首 2表语从句 3介词之后4不定式之前 5紧跟or not 6. 同位语从句7. 宾语从句前移Whether she will win the game, Im not sure.七that和whatthat不充当任何成分，what可以在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、表语。that在宾语从句中可以省略。下面几种情况不可以省略：1主语从句 2. 表语从句3. 同位语从句Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fe

8、ll faster than light objects.4. it作形式宾语，that 引导的真正宾语从句They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.5. 两个或多个并列的that引导的宾语从句，只有第一个that可省Mr. smith told the workers (that) John had worked very hard and that he wanted him stay.八1 Whoever=anyone who, whichever, whate

9、ver=anything that = 名词/代词+（相关的）连接代词He gave whoever came to the door a smile. = He gave any person who came to the door a smile.比较：He asked me who broke the glass.He asked me whoever broke the glass.Whoever goes against law shall be punished.Who goes against law shall be punished.2wh-ever与no matter w

10、h-的用法区别wh-ever可引导名词性从句，让步状语从句；no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句Whatever I said, he wouldnt listen to me.=No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me.He would believe whatever I said.九同位语从句的that和定语从句的that的区别1. The news that our team had won made us very happy.同位语从句，that在抽象名次之后，对其作补充说明，在从句中不充当成分，不可省2. The ne

11、ws (that) he brought us made us very happy.定语从句，that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语可省。名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序：陈述语序(1) that 和whether/if引导的从句 She sensed something.A tall man in a dark coat was staring at herShe sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.She wondered.Would the buses still be running?

12、She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running.2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. How he was successful is still a puzzle. 你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives? Could you tell me where does he live? 1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1).

13、 That he will succeed is certain.2) Whether he will go there is not known.3) What he said is not true.4) Where he hid the money is to be found out.5) Whoever comes is welcome.6) Its certain that he will succeed.7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8) When theyll start the p

14、roject has not been decided yet.由 that 引导:1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的)3. _ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会)Keys2. That the earth is round3. That you missed the chance考点一:主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。例:That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that

15、we shall be late.1. That the earth is round is known to all.2. That you missed the chance is a pity.由连词 whether 和 if, 连接代词 what, who, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 等引导.也常常后置:It doesnt matter if/whether he is a foreigner.It is a question whether he is willing to come.It is unknown how she has red

16、uced her weight in such a short timeIt 的用法： （形式主语） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 Its said/ reported that.据说/据报道 Its been announced/declared that.已经通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happens. that显然、明显、 碰巧. Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知） / a c

17、ommon saying.（俗话说）It is well known /reported / thought/said that It is clear/ necessary/ certain/ true/doubtfulthatIt is a pity/a shame/an honour/ thatIt doesnt matter whetherIt seems that It happens that考点二 注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定What he needs _is_ that book?What he needs _are_ some

18、book?宾语从句：1.从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词，不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）连词：that, whether, if （that 常可省略） who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when, where, why, how1). They know that the habit will kill them.2).It all depends on whether they will support us.3) I am afraid that he didnt call me.4).He made it clear to th

19、e public that he did an important and necessary job. 5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.用if 或whether 填空1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5.

20、 _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略. eg: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. I dont think it right that you leave home without telling your parents.b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二

21、个that 不省略.eg: He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.宾语从句的时态呼应1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。 1). 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me _ .

22、 2). 他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _. 3). 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher tell us _3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引导表语从句)连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats beca

23、use we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.because, as if 也可引导表语从句: 1. He is absent today. Its _ he is seriously ill. 2. It looks _ its going to rain again. True or False: Her suggestion is that we will do it by turns. Her suggestion is that we

24、 do it by turns. 4. 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea, belief, fact ； truth, problem, news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether 1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect th

25、em.3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.三、同位语从句的引导和辨别1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词 + 从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。选词填空that/ whethe

26、r / where/ how1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3. He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4. I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win.真题典例12019重庆卷 _struck me most in the movie was the fat

27、hers deep love for his son.AThat BIt CWhat DWhich22019山东卷 Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.A. what Bwhose Cwhich Dthat32019陕西卷 It remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhether42019四川卷 _ you said at the m

28、eeting describes a bright future for the company.A. When BHow CWhat DThat52019北京卷 Experts believe _ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. why Bwhere Cthat Dwhat62019江西卷 _ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. Whoever BWhatever CWhichever DWherever7201

29、9浙江卷 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. A. how Bthat Cwhich Dwhether82019新课标全国卷 Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue.A. which Bwhere Chow Dwhat92019安徽卷 From space, the earth looks blue. This

30、 is _ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water. Awhy Bhow Cbecause Dwhether102019湖南卷 Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. how Bthat Cwhich Dwhere新题预测1. It has been proved_ several new kinds of medicine have a positive eff

31、ect on the cure of H7N9.Awhich Bif Cthat Dbecause2. What the doctors really doubt is_ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.Awhen Bif Cwhether Dwhat3. The fact has worried many scientists_ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.Awhich Bthat Cas Dwhat4Its no longer a quest

32、ion now_ man can land on the moon.A. that Bwhich Cwhether Dwhat5_Mo Yan had been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature made us very proud.AAs BThat CWhich DWhat6The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for_he could find about Mark Twain.A. wherever BHowever Cwhatever Dwhiche

33、ver7News got around quickly_ a gunman went on a shooting rampage at a movie theatre in Aurora, Colorado. A. which Bwhat Cthat Dwhen8Romney was asked_he would ensure equal pay for women.A. that Bwhere Cwhat Dhow9He stared at the empty bottle for a while, feeling happy that he had sent the butterfly b

34、ack _ it belongednature.A. to which Bthat Cwhich Dto where10After five hours drive, they reached_they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.A. where Bwhat Cwhich Dthat课后练习1.Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a typhoon may be on its way.A. what B. When C. which D. that2.Many online ga

35、mes are full of violence， which do harm to the development of the children.And thats _ my concern lies.A. what B. Which C. where D. that3. _ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business. A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when4. “I think we need to pay more attention to the artistic

36、 and cultural work that goes on in every neighbourhood in this city，” Ms Martin said. “We are part of _ makes New York unique.” A. what B. That C. which D. it5. Were excited to learn the news _ Li Hua has been admitted to Tsinghua University.A. what B. Which C. that D. as6. _ he told us is the news

37、_ China got 32 gold medals in the Athens Olympic Games， _， of course， made us feel very excited. A. What； which； which B. That； that； which C. What； that； which D. That； that； what7. It remains to be seen _ he will solve the problem or not. A. that B. What C. which D. whether8.Mum， I dont think I am

38、 qualified enough to do this.Honey， be confident！ You should know it is _ a man thinks of himself _ really determines his fate.A. that； that B. how； that C. what； that D. how； how9. His shop was so well managed that he sold in just 5 months _ his competitor sold in a year. A. how B. What C. whether D. why 10. We have dresses of various styles and patterns on sale and you may take _ suits you best.A. whatever B. Whichever C. no matter what D. no matter which