人教版七年级下学期英语备课资料：Unit 4 Don’t eat in class. Section A.doc

1、Unit 4 Dont eat in class. Section A1. Dont arrive late for class.上课不要迟到。(1)这是祈使句。祈使句的功能在于向对方发出指令、请求等;祈使句通常省略主语,以动词原形开头;否定形式的祈使句构成为:Dont+动词原形。如:Be careful while crossing the road.过马路时要小心。Dont forget me!不要忘记我!(2)arrive意思是“到达”,其后不能直接跟地点名词;arrive at后可接小地点,arrive in后多接大地点。如:What time did you arrive at th

2、e station?你是几点钟到火车站的?Can we arrive in Beijing on time or not?我们能否按时到达北京?(3) be late for class意思是“上课迟到”,是习惯搭配,class前不用冠词。类似搭配还有:be late for school上学迟到如:I wish you do not be late for school any more.我希望你以后上学别再迟到了。2. You must be on time.你必须守时。(1)must是情态动词,意为“必须”,表示命令的语气;情态动词后必须跟实义动词原形,be是is,am,are的原形。如

3、:When you learn to ride a bike you must learn to balance.你学骑脚踏车时必须学会保持平衡。(2)on time意思是“准时”。如:The plane arrived on time.飞机正点到达。【辨析】on time与in timein time的意思是“及时”,“终有一天”,“最后”,“迟早”或“终于”。例如:I wish you would come in time.我希望你及时赶到。We got to the station just in time to catch the bus.我们及时到达车站,赶上了公共汽车。on tim

4、e意为是“准时”,“准点”,“正点”。The train arrived on time.火车正点到达。Please be here tomorrow on time.请明天准时到这儿来。3. Dont listen to music in class.不要在教室里听音乐。(1)listen to意思是“听”,表示“听”的动作过程。如:She turned on the MP3 to listen to music.她打开MP3听音乐。【辨析】listen,listen to与hearhear与listen这两个词都是动词,都有“听”的意思。但意思有区别,用法也不同。hear是及物动词,表示“

5、听见”、“听到”,可能是有意识地听,也可能是无意识地听。如:Louder,please.I cant hear you.请大声点,我听不到你的声音。We heard someone laughing in the next room.我们听见隔壁有人在笑。hear还可作不及物动词,后接of(about)表示“听别人说”(指间接听到) ;后接from意思是“收到(某人)的来信”。如:I have never heard of such a thing.我从未听说过这种事。Have you heard from him?你收到他的来信了吗?listen是不及物动词,表示有意识或注意地“听”,不说明

6、是否听见的结果;必须加to才能接宾语。如:I listened but heard nothing.我注意听了,但什么也没听见。【易错警醒】hear一词一般不用于进行时。不说I am hearing或I was hearing,而用can或could。如:I can hear somebody coming.我能听见有人来了。(2)in class是习惯搭配,意思是“在上课中,在课堂上”。4. Dont run in the hallways.不要在过道上奔跑。Sorry. Ms. Clark.对不起,克拉克女士。(1)run意思是“跑,跑步”;run是不及物动词,其后不能接宾语。run组成的

7、短语有:run after追赶;run away逃跑;run out of用完,耗尽。(2)sorry意思是“对不起,遗憾”;因自己的过失或不当影响到他人时,通常以sorry表示道歉。如:Im sorry. You have the wrong number.对不起,你的电话号码不对。5. This is a great school,but there are a lot of rules.这是一所很不错的学校,但有很多校规。(1)but是连词,意思是“但是”;“学校不错”与“有很多校规”为转折关系,用but连接意义转折的两个单句。如:I can see that plane,but I c

8、ant see a bird.我能看见那架飞机,但是小鸟我就看不见了。He may be clever,but he doesnt know everything.他或许聪明,但是他不可能知道所有的事情。(2)there be意思是“有”,表示“某处有某物”;there be结构中,be与紧跟其后的名词保持数的一致。如:There is an old pine tree in front of the house.房子前面有一株老松树。There are some nice apples on sale in that shop.那家商店有些很好的苹果出售。(3)a lot of意思是“很多,

9、大量”,修饰不可数名词,也可修饰可数名词复数。如:We have a lot of fun in the park.我们在公园里玩得很快活。There are a lot of wild animal parks in South Africa.在南非有许多野生动物园。【辨析】many,much与lots of,a lot ofmany用来修饰可数名词,表示数目,反义词为few。如:There are many apples in the basket.篮子里有许多苹果。much用来修饰不可数名词,表示量,反义词为little。如:Im sorry to give you so much tr

10、ouble.真对不起,给你添了这么多的麻烦。a lot of(lots of)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词时可与many换用;修饰不可数名词时,可与much换用。如:We had a lot of(lots of) fun at the picnic. =We had much fun at the picnic.我们在这次野餐中玩得很痛快。There are a lot of(lots of) pear trees near the house. =There are many pear trees near the house.屋子附近种着许多梨树。6. Can we

11、bring music players to school?我们可以带音乐播放机到学校来吗?(1)bring.to意思是“把带来”;bring是及物动词,其动作的方向趋向于说话者。如:Bring your book here tomorrow.明天把你的书带来。来源:1ZXXKYoud better finish your homework today,and bring it to me tomorrow.你最好今天做完家庭作业,明天带来交给我。【辨析】bring与takebring意思是带来,拿来,取来,指从别处把某人或某物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点来。也可说成“由远及近”,有方向性。如:

12、Eddie brings me some books.埃迪给我带来了几本书。take有“带走,取走”之意。表示把某物或某人从说话的地方带到另一个地方去,也可说成由近及远,有方向性。词意和bring相对,经常和介词to搭配。如:Take him to hospital at once,please.请马上带他去医院。(2)players意思是“演奏者,选手”。【拓展】英语中一些表示职业的名词往往与该职业所从事的活动内容相关,这些职业名称常常是在相应的动词词尾加-er或-or等后缀构成。如:sing(唱歌)+ersinger(歌手) drive(驾驶)+rdriver(司机)teach(教)+er

13、teacher(教师) work(工作)+erworker(工人)clean(打扫)+ercleaner(清洁工) write(写)+rwriter(作家;作者)7. And we always have to wear the school uniform.我们永远得穿校服。来源:Zxxk.Com(1)have to意思是“不得不”;have to常用来强调客观上不得不去做某件事情,其后接动词原形。如:Please be quiet. I have to study the book for a test tomorrow.请不要说话了,明天要考试,我得看书。We dont have to

14、go to school on Sundays.星期天我们不用去上学。【辨析】have to与musthave to表示客观的需要;must表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。如:My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语

15、中表示过去的必要或义务。如:He had to look after his sister at home yesterday.昨天他不得不在家照看他妹妹。在否定结构中,dont have to表示“不必”;mustnt表示“禁止”。如:You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。(2)wear是及物动词,意思是“穿、戴”,表示穿着的状态,其后面除了跟表示衣帽的名词外,还可以跟表示首饰或眼镜的名词。如:She likes to wear woolen socks

16、 in winter.冬天她喜欢穿羊毛袜。【辨析】wear, dress, put onput on一般强调动作。如:It is cold outside,so youd better put on your coat.外边冷,你最好穿上大衣。Hearing the news,he put on his stocking and shoes,and went out.听到这一消息,他穿上袜子、蹬上鞋,就出去了。wear表示一种状态。如:He is wearing a hat.他戴着一顶帽子。dress作及物动词时要接“人”作宾语(不接“衣”作宾语),意思是“给某人穿衣”。如:She dress

17、es her baby every morning.她每天早上给宝宝穿衣服。dress也可用作不及物动词。如:Get up and dress quickly.起床,快穿衣服。来源:Z&xx&k.Com8. Oh,and we also have to be quiet in the library.哦,在图书馆里,我们必须保持安静。(1)also意思是“也”,通常置于实义动词之前,情态动词或be动词之后。如:Ive also read the book.我也读过这本书。This room was also dirty.这个房间也很脏。【辨析】too,also,eithertoo放在句子末尾,

18、通常用逗号隔开。如:I am a student,too.我也是一名学生。also则放在系动词be之后,实义动词之前。如:I am also a student.我也是一名学生。Li Ming also takes part in a ceremony.李明也参加了仪式。either在否定句中使用,但是放在句子末尾,通常用逗号隔开。如:Lucy doesnt go to the party,either.露西也没有去参加派对。来源:Z&xx&k.Com(2)quiet是形容词,意思是“安静的”,其副词为quietly。如:He lived in a quiet village near the

19、 sea.他住在海边的一个僻静的村子里。例1 _get off the bus before it stops.A. Dont B. Doesnt C. Didnt【解析】考查祈使句的用法。句意为“在公共汽车停下来之前不要下车。”祈使句的否定形式用dont来完成,故选A。【答案】A。例2Lucy, can I use your English dictionary?Sure. But you_return it before the class.A. must B. can C. may D. would【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法辨析。根据上句可推出本句句意:但是你必须在上课之前归还。mu

20、st意为“必须”,can意为“可能”,may意为“可以”,would意为“愿意”。所以选A。【答案】A。例3Have you_“Zhang Lili”?Yes,she is the most beautiful woman teacher in China.A. head of B. heard from C. heard out【解析】考查动词辨析。hear of “听说”;hear from “收到来信”;hear out “听完”。根据句意“你听说过张莉莉吗?听过,她是中国最美丽的女老师”。故选A。【答案】A。例4 David, there_a dictionary and some b

21、ooks on your desk. Please put them away.A. is B. are C. have【解析】考查there be结构。there be 结构通常用就近原则。因最近的主语是a dictionary,因此谓语动词用is。【答案】A。例5Li Na is an outstanding tennis_(play).【答案】player。来源:Zxxk.Com例6Mom,_I hang out with my friends now?Sure, but you_clean up your bedroom first.A. can;need B. may;have to

22、 C. must;need D. need;must【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。征询别人意见时尽量用委婉语,如may,could。have to常用来强调客观上不得不去做某件事情。句子意思是“妈妈,我可以现在跟朋友出去玩吗?”“可以,但你必须要首先整理好你的卧室”。根据句意选B。【答案】B。例7 My friend Frank sings well, and he is_good at playing the guitar.A. not B. also C. yet D. too【解析】本题考查副词的用法。not用于否定句中,表示否定;also用于肯定句中,表示“也”,用于句中;yet用于否定句中,意为 “还”;too“也”,常用于肯定句的句尾,用逗号隔开。由句意“我的朋友弗兰克歌唱得好,他也擅长弹吉他”可知答案为B。【答案】B。