2019-2020同步北师大英语选修六新突破讲义：UNIT 16 SECTION Ⅱ　LANGUAGE POINTS （ Ⅰ ） （WARM-UP .doc

1、Section Language Points ( ) (Warmup & Lesson 1).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1The scientist has abandoned his research for lack of fund. 2She was anxious to preserve her husbands reputation. 3We were shocked by the violent scenes we had witnessed. 4He took the trouble to gather necessary information for me.

2、5He felt he would burst with anger and shame.6He likes to read biographies(传记)of great men.7Were collecting money for the victims(受害者们). 8The whole house trembled (颤抖)when the train went by.9I felt much sympathy (同情)for the disabled.10Understanding is the main characteristic (特征)of mankind.拓展词汇根据词性和

3、汉语提示，写出下列单词1abandon vt.放弃；遗弃abandoned adj.被抛弃的；无约束的2preserve vt.保护，保存preservation n保护；保存3occur vi.发生occurrence n发生4particular adj.特别；尤其particularly adv.特别地；特定地5gather vi.&vt.聚集gathering n聚集. 补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1come into view出现2knock sb. over 撞倒某人3once upon a time 从前4block out 堵住5in a way 从某种程度上说6on ones

4、 side 侧身7split up (使)解散；决裂8on the way to 在去的路上.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1The teacher split up the class into three groups.2Once upon a time, there lived an old man in the mountain.3In a way youre right, but its not as simple as that.4Dont sleep on your side5That wall blocks out all the light.6He passes my h

5、ouse on the way to school.v.ingn.v.over动词短语feeling感觉teaching教导sleeping睡眠get over克服；从疾病(或震惊、断绝关系等)中恢复过来；复原；完成run over把很快地过一遍；在上驶过；过去；浏览go over 复习，重温；仔细检查；转变；润色背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Around the end of the first century AD, a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witn

6、essed as a young man.大约公元一世纪末，一位名叫普利尼的罗马作家描述了他年轻时目睹的一次可怕的火山爆发的情景。过去分词作定语他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。The concert given by their friends was a success.2.Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path, including whole villages and towns.普利尼描述道，一团云自山巅而降，遮天蔽日

7、，将所经之处的一切，包括一座座村庄和城镇统统吞没。现在分词作伴随状语一个探寻小队进入山洞里，希望可以找到埋藏的宝藏。A search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure.3.In a way, Pompeii is like a “time capsule” preserving a frozen moment in history.从某种程度上说，庞培古城如同一个“时间舱”，保存了历史上一段被封存了的瞬间。现在分词作定语你认识和你哥哥跳舞的那个女孩子吗？Did you know the girl dancing wi

8、th your brother？4.However, much more than buildings and objects, it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.但是，与城里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓形象则更能使这个城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。强调句在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗？Was it your brother that you met in the street？5.An

9、other man, lying on his side, looks as if he is trying to get up.躺在他旁边的另一个人看上去好像是在试图站立起来。as if引导表语从句我记得整个事情，就好像它是发生在昨天一样。I remember the whole thing as if/though it happened yesterday. witness vt.目击(睹)；证明n.目击者，见证人(教材P6).a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had

10、witnessed as a young man.一位名叫普利尼的罗马作家描述了他年轻时目睹的一次可怕的火山爆发的情景。(1)witness sth.目击(睹)某事witness to(doing)sth. 为(做)某事作证；为(做)某事出庭作证(2)be(a) witness to sth. 某事的目击者give witness on behalf of sb. 为某人作证The successful launch of Shenzhou X is a powerful witness to our countrys increasing prosperity.“神舟”十号的成功发射是我们伟

11、大祖国日益强盛的有力见证。Are you prepared to witness to the honesty of your informant?你准备为你消息提供者的诚实作证吗？She witnessed to having seen the man near the scene of the crime.她作证说在犯罪现场附近见过这个男子。图形助记 occur vi.发生，出现；被想到(起)(教材P6)The eruption had occurred on August 24th，79AD.火山喷发发生在公元79年8月24日。sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想到某事it oc

12、curs/occurred to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想到要做某事it occurs/occurred to sb.that. 的念头/想法出现在某人的头脑里Now it occurred to him that his farm had much potential.现在他突然想起他的农场很有潜力。Didnt it occur to you to phone(phone) them about it?关于这件事你难道就没想到给他们打个电话？明辨异同occur，happen，take place，break outoccur指事情按计划发生或偶然的、未能预见的发生，强调突然性。

13、happen使用最广，有“偶然发生”之意，常与occur换用，还有“碰巧”的意思；可与不定式连用，意为“碰巧发生”。take place多指事情的发生不是偶然出现的，而是按意图、计划进行的。可引申为“举行，进行”的意思。break out多指战争、火灾等不愉快的事情爆发。occur，happen，take place，break outThe police questioned Bob when exactly the murder occurred/happenedAll sorts of unexpected things might happen/occurThe wedding wil

14、l take place in St.Peters Church.He was able to flee Europe before the war broke outWe should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred/happened by chance. (教材P6)In a way，Pompeii is like a “time capsule”preserving a frozen moment in history.从某种程度上说，庞培古城如同一个“时间舱”，保存了历史上一段被封存了的瞬间。(1

15、)in a way从某种程度上说in some ways在某些方面all the way 自始至终，一直by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下by way of 经由；通过方法in the way 妨碍，挡道in this way 用这种方法in no way 一点也不，决不(置于句首时，引起部分倒装)They are travelling to France by way of London.他们经伦敦去法国旅行。Can you move that box？Its in the way of the door.你能挪开那只箱子吗？它挡着门了。In no way can you lose h

16、eart when in trouble.身处困境时，你决不能气馁。语境助记By the way，I dont like the book in a way，but in no way could I deal with it in this way.顺便说一下，我在某种程度上不喜欢这本书，但我决不会用这种方式处理它。(2)preserve vt.维护；保护，保存(1)preserve.from.保护免受be well preserved 保存(养)得很好(2)preserve n. 禁猎地，饲养场preservation n. 保存，保护No hunting is allowed in th

17、e preserve.在这个保护区内不许狩猎。We may preserve the majority of the endangered species from extinction.我们可以保护大多数濒临灭绝的物种免于灭绝。 burst vi.爆炸；冲，闯(教材P7)The building exploded because a gas pipe had burst.这座大楼因煤气管道爆裂而爆炸。(1)burst n突发，迸发a burst of 一阵(2)burst inbreak in 闯入burst into 闯入(住宅)burst forth 突然发生burst out cryi

18、ng/laughingburst into tears/laughter 突然哭/笑起来A burst of handclapping followed the ending of the song.歌声结束之后接着响起了一阵掌声。I have never seen the feelings of being oppressed bursting forth like a fire.我从来没有看见过那像火一样突然迸发出来的被压抑的情感。We all burst out laughing(laugh) on hearing his funny story.We all burst into la

19、ughter(laugh) on hearing his funny story.听到他有趣的故事，我们都放声大笑起来。图形助记 abandon vt.抛弃，遗弃；逃离；放弃，中止(教材P132)It looked abandoned.它看起来被遗弃了。(1)abandon doing sth.放弃做某事abandon oneself to 纵情于；沉溺于(2)abandon n. 尽情；放纵with abandon 放任地；放纵地(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的，抛弃的；自我放任的Rescuers had abandoned all the hope of finding any

20、 more survivors.救援人员已放弃了能找到更多幸存者的所有希望。Im considering abandoning smoking(smoke)soon.我在考虑很快戒烟。At the sad news，he abandoned himself(he) to despair.听到这悲伤的消息，他陷入了绝望之中。 come into view 出现(教材P132)Suddenly，the spaceship slowed down and immediately the system came into view.突然，太空船放慢速度，星系马上出现在眼前(1)in ones view

21、在某人看来on view 在展览；在陈列着in view of 鉴于；考虑到；由于(2)come into fashion 开始流行come into being/existence 开始存在；产生come into power 当权come into effect/force 开始生效come into use 开始启用In view of the new situation，we suggest dialogue should be the only way to solve the North Korea nuclear issue.鉴于新形势，我们建议对话是解决朝鲜核问题的唯一途径。L

22、ong skirts have come into fashion again.长裙又流行起来了。When did the term of newnew people come into being(be)?“新新人类”一词是什么时候出现的？ knock sb.over撞倒某人；撞翻(教材P132)I remember the dog jumping up on me and knocking me over into the water.我记得那条狗跳起来扑向我，把我撞倒在水中。knock at/on敲knock down 撞倒在地，拆毁，摧毁knock into sb. 撞到某人身上kno

23、ck out 把击昏；击败knock over 撞倒He knocked his opponent down three times in the first round.在第一个回合中他把对方击倒三次。Toms car knocked into a wire pole last week.上周汤姆的车撞到了电线杆上。图形助记knock at/on敲knock into撞上knock over撞倒(教材P6)However，much more than buildings and objects，it is the forms of the people who were caught in

24、the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.但是，与城里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓形象则更能使这个城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。【要点提炼】句中it is.that为强调句，强调了the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster。(1)强调句的基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分。它可以用来强调句中的某些成分，如主语、宾语、状语等，但该结构不能用来强调谓语。被强调的部分指人时用that，who均可

25、，指物或情况时用that。(2)一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他？(3)对not.until结构中状语进行强调时，not需置于被强调的部分之中，构成“It is/was not until.that.”结构。(4)特殊疑问句：Where/When/What.is/was itthat/who其他？It is Wang Yaping who is Chinas first teacher in space.中国的第一位太空教师是王亚平。Where was it that Tom saw our teacher last Sunday?汤姆上周日是在哪里看见我们的老师的

26、？It was not until she took off her sunglasses that I recognized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是位著名影星。名师点津(1)判断句子是否为强调句的方法：把it is/was和that/who去掉，再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置，句子完整就为强调句。(2)被强调代词的形式应与原句保持一致，其谓语动词的单复数与原句主语保持一致。(教材P6)Another man，lying on his side，looks as if he is trying to get up.躺在他旁边的另一个

27、人看上去好像是在试图站立起来。【要点提炼】这是一个主从复合句，Another man looks.是主句，as if引导表语从句。as if/though还可以引导方式状语从句，从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。as if/though引导的从句用虚拟语气时，从句的时态用一般过去时，表示与现在事实相反；用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反。He treats his sister as if/though she were a stranger.他待他姐姐如陌生人。He speaks English as if he had studied(study)it in England before.他

28、说英语就好像以前在英国学习过似的。(教材P6)Around the end of the first century AD，a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man.【分析】本句是一个主从复合句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词eruption。句中过去分词短语called Pliny作后置定语，修饰writer。【翻译】大约公元一世纪末，一位名叫普利尼的罗马作家描述了他年轻时目睹的一次可怕的火山爆发的情景。.单句语法填空1I

29、t occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.2There was an abandoned(abandon) house by the riverside.3It was Tom who/that broke the window yesterday.4I dont know why she burst out crying(cry)5The past 40 years has witnessed(witness) Chinas rapid development.6The plastic flowers look as if

30、 they were(be) real.7But in a way your opinion is right, I have to admit. New technology is changing the world every day.8Many people abandon living(live) in big cities because of high expenses.9The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation(preserve)10She witnessed to seeing(see)that man

31、take the money.完成句子1他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth. 2从某种意义上来说，你犯那个错误我倒很高兴，因为那个错误会对你起警告作用。In a way, Im glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as warning to you.3我没什么可承认的。你到底想让我说什么呢？I have nothing to admit. What is it that you want me to say?4她看起来好像年轻了

32、十岁。She looks as if she were ten years younger. 5我忽然想起来忘了锁门了。It occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked.过去完成时的用法语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man.2.By 1748, they had found an awesome historical sit

33、e.3.He had worked in the factory for five years before we moved here.4.The film had begun when they arrived at the cinema.5.I had hoped to meet you at the airport, but I was caught in a traffic jam.1.从以上句子，可以看出过去完成时的构成为had过去分词。2.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即动作发生在过去的过去。一、概念过去完成时的基本用法与现在完成时相似，所不同的是

34、：现在完成时的动作需在现在以前完成，过去完成时的动作需在过去某一时间以前完成，也就是说动作发生在“过去的过去”。二、构成主语had动词的过去分词You abandoned the map because you had learned how to get home.你丢掉地图，因为你已经学会如何回家。三、基本用法1表示过去的过去表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，也就是“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句、用一个表示过去的动作以及通过上下文来表示。By nine oclock last night，we had got 200 pictu

35、res from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张从宇宙飞船发来的图片。How long had Mr.Wang taught in the middle school before he came here?王老师来这里之前，在中学教了多长时间的书？I was very sad at his death.We had been good friends since our childhood.他的去世使我很悲伤。我们自童年时代起就是好朋友。2用于宾语从句或间接引语中I wondered who had taken the umbrella without per

36、mission.我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿走了。3表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于表示“愿望，打算”一类的词，如hope，want，expect，think，suppose，plan，mean，intend等动词。They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。4过去完成时用于一些固定句型中，例如This/It/That was the first/second.timethat从句(从句中用过去完成时)，Hardly(scarcely/barely)had.done.when.和No s

37、ooner had.done.than.结构。Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。5过去完成时用于虚拟语气，在wish，as if/though，if，if only，would rather sb.had done sth.结构或从句中，常用过去完成时来表示与过去的事实相反。If he had caught the early bus this morning，he would not have been late for class.如果他今天早上赶上了早班车，他上课就不

38、会迟到了。即时演练1He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he had had(have) it for a very long time.The moment I got home, I found I had left(leave) my jacket on the playground.The hotel wasnt particularly good, but I had stayed(stay) in many worse hotels.四、语法区别1一般过去时与过去完成时的用法区别(1)一般过去时表示过去时间发生的动作

39、或存在的状态；而过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”。当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前，常用过去完成时。The sports meeting began at 8 am.last Saturday.上周六运动会是在上午八点开始的。The sports meeting had begun when we got to school.我们到学校时，运动会已经开始了。(2)一般过去时与过去完成时都可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用，但侧重点有所不同。They had done the work at five oclock.在五点的时候他们已经完成了那项工作

40、。They did the work at five oclock.他们是在五点钟做那项工作的。上述第一句中只说明工作在五点钟已经完成，并未说明工作是什么时候做的；第二句就明确告诉我们，工作是五点钟做的。2过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作，句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语，而过去完成时表示的是过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作，句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语。I have finished my homework.我已经完成了作业。I had finished my homework by 10：00 this morning.到今天上午10点

41、钟我已完成了我的作业。即时演练2He kept looking at her, wondering whether he had seen(see) her somewhere.Shakespeares play Hamlet has been made(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.单句语法填空1Helen had left(leave)her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.2By the time I left the school, he had taught(teach) the class for 3 years.3He had served(serve) in the army for ten years before he retired last year.4I had intended(intend) to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.5No sooner had they left(leave) the building than a bomb exploded.