2019-2020同步外研英语选修八新突破讲义：MODULE 1 SECTION Ⅱ　LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE WORD版含答案.doc

1、SectionLearning about Language.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1The two continents were connected by a mass(块) of land at one time.2The rainfall(降水量) averages 36 inches a year.3When you left our space，you werent in a fit state(状态)4The manager failed to see the commercial(商业的) value of his discovery.5Several fa

2、ctors had combined to ruin his company.Then he fell into extreme(极度的) difficulties.6They discussed how to promote cooperation between the two countries.7Nobody knows what the depth of the lake is.8Christopher Columbus is one of the most famous explorer in history.9How long can you balance on one leg

3、?10Christmas is an annual festival for most of the western countries.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1explore v探险；勘探explorer n探险者exploration n探险；勘探2deep adj.深的depth n深度deepen v加深；深化3extreme adj.极端的，极度的extremely adv.极端地4balance vt.使平衡balanced adj.平衡的5promote vt.促进，增进promotion n晋级，增进adj.(e)nv.v.(t)ionn.widewiden拓

4、宽quickquicken加快darkdarken变暗pollutepollution污染collectcollection收藏operateoperation操作，手术.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1close to靠近；接近；几乎2on average 平均3adapt to (使)适应4be made up of 由组成5stand out 引人注目；突出；显眼6set foot on 进入，到达；踏上7in particular 尤其8in a(n).state 处于状态.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1When we moved to France，the children ad

5、apted to the change very quickly.2Who was the first person to set foot on the moon?3The star received more than 100 letters per week on average4She loves outdoor activities in particular，so she goes hiking every summer.5Yao Ming is very tall，so he stands out in the crowd.“由组成”短语一览“onn.”短语集锦be made u

6、p ofbe composed ofconsist ofon average 平均on purpose 故意on duty 值日，值班背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert.南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。with复合结构。因为没有东西长在这片土地上，它最终成了一片沙漠。With nothing growing on the land, it finally became a desert.2.Not until the late 18th

7、 century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。not until置于句首引起的部分倒装。直到他女儿给他打电话，史密斯先生才相信那个消息是真的。Not until his daughter called him did Mr.Smith believe that the news was true. adapt to (使)适应(教材P2)Yet Antarctica is fu

8、ll of wildlife，which has adapted to its extreme conditions.但南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。(1)adapt v(使)适应；改编；改写adapt oneself to sth. 使某人自己适应某事adapt .for . 把改编为adapt .from . 根据改编/改写(2)adaption n. 适应；改写本adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.她很快地适应了这种新气候。This film was

9、 adapted (adapt) from a novel written by a famous writer.这部电影是根据一位著名作家写的一部小说改编的。The author is going to adapt his play for television.作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。名师点津adopt与adapt形似，但adopt意为“采纳，采用；收养”。 trap vt.储存，留存；使陷入困境；设圈套 n圈套；陷阱；困境(教材P2)Gases and minerals，in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice，can tell

10、 us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages.这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。(1)lay/set a trap设圈套fall into a trap 落入圈套(2)be trapped in 陷入(困境)(3)trap sb.into(doing) sth. 设圈套诱使某人做某事She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。The two men trapped (trap) in the burning

11、car were in danger.被困在着火的车里的那两个人有危险。I was trapped into telling(tell) the police all I knew.我中计了，把所知道的一切全都告诉了警察。 mass n块，堆，团；大量 adj.大量的，大规模的(经典例句)Then it cooled and turned into a solid mass.然后，它冷却下来，变成一团固体。mass media/production大众媒体/大规模生产a mass of/masses of 许多的，大量的the masses 群众；大众(2019全国卷)In addition，

12、most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.此外，大多数报纸上也几乎没有吸引大众读者的东西。Setting to work, I buried myself under a mass of papers.我着手工作，埋头于一大堆文件之中。Divided from the masses(mass), you are sure to fail.脱离群众，你肯定要失败。名师点津a mass of/masses of后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，且谓语动词与该名词的单复数保持一致。There were

13、 a mass of/masses of people in the shop yesterday.昨天这个商店里人如潮涌。 balance vt.使平衡；权衡 n天平；平衡(教材P3)But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north.但是两千多年以前，古希腊的地理学家就相信地球南边会存在一大块陆地来与北边的陆地保持平衡。(1)keep natures

14、balance保持自然界的平衡keep ones balance 保持平衡lose ones balance 失去平衡(2)balance against. 与进行权衡balance sth.on sth. 通过某物使某物保持平衡(3)balanced adj. 平稳的，安定的，和谐的keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食The girl lost her balance and fell off the balance beam.小女孩失去了平衡，从平衡木上摔了下来。We should have a healthy and balanced(balance) diet.我们

15、应该有健康和均衡的饮食。You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。 set foot on进入，到达(教材P3)Then in 1895，a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland.后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯腾博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。set foot in进

16、入on foot 步行stand on ones own feet 自立；独立自主rise to ones feet 站起身struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来From the second I set foot in the office I knew I wanted to work there.从我迈入办公室的那一刻开始，我就知道自己想在那里工作。Though he was badly wounded，he struggled to his feet and went on running.虽然他伤得很重，但他挣扎着站起来继续往前跑。His parents wishe

17、d him to stand on his own two feet(foot)他父母希望他能够独立。 promote vt.促进，增进；促销，推销；提升，晋升(教材P3)In particular，it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste；to promote international scientific projects；and to end arguments about who owns the land.该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目

18、，并且终止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。写出下列句中promote的含义He worked hard and soon was promoted.提升，晋升Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to promote products.促销，推销As is known to us all，milk promotes health.促进，增进(1)promote sb.to.提升某人为be promoted to. 被提升为(2)promotion n. 提升；促进；晋升；促销get promotion 晋升The

19、 young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain.这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。If you are successful, you can expect promotion(promote)如果你成功了，你可以期望得到晋升。(教材P2)With annual rainfall close to zero，Antarctica is technically a desert.南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。【要点提炼】句中With annual rainfall close to zero为“with宾语形容词短语”

20、构成的复合结构，在句中作状语。with复合结构常见的形式有：with宾语The children were skating with their faces red with cold.孩子们在滑冰，他们的脸都冻红了。With so much work to do(do)，we cant play outside any longer.有这么多工作要做，我们不能再在外面玩了。The old man fell asleep with his radio still working(work)这个老人睡着了，他的收音机还响着。With all the problems solved(solve)，

21、we felt very happy.由于所有的问题都解决了，我们感到很高兴。But the long Antarctic winter night，which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth)，as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall，means that few types of plants can survive there.【分析】which lasts for 182 days(the longest period o

22、f continuous darkness on earth)为非限制性定语从句；主句的主语为the long Antarctic winter night；主句的谓语动词为means；that few types of plants can survive there为宾语从句；as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall为主句主语的附属成分。【翻译】但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达182天(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期)，气候极度寒冷，降水量极少，这意味着很少有植物能够在那里生存。.单句语法填空1Some students have diffic

23、ulty in adapting to the social life after graduating from university.2They were determined to start a campaign to promote(promote) awareness of environment issues.3Soon afterwards，he made his first public statement(state) about the affair to clear others misunderstanding of him.4According to the his

24、tory book，the Vikings were the first Europeans to reach(reach) America.5There are a lot of computers in the lab，and they need professional maintenance to make sure they can be in a good state.6Trapped(trap) in the burning building，many people could do nothing but wait.7The scientists plan to return

25、to the same three spots annually(annual) for the next six years.8A balanced(balance) diet and regular exercise are both important for your health.9Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.10I found an old man fell into a pool, but quickly he struggled to his feet(foot).完成句子1在中国，每年

26、有许多毕业生出国深造。In China, a mass/masses of graduates go abroad to have a further study every year.2直到他醒来他才意识到发生了什么。Not until he woke up did he realize what had happened.3踏上这个岛，他声称他是第一个拥有一个岛屿的人。Setting foot on the island，he claimed that he was the first man to own an island4他开车太粗心了，导致了严重的事故。He drove his car too carelessly，causing a serious accident5由于考试临近，复习你的课堂笔记是个好主意。With exams approaching，its a good idea to review your class notes.