分享
分享赚钱 收藏 举报 版权申诉 / 11

类型2022学年七年级英语上学期期末试题4 外研版.docx

  • 上传人:a****
  • 文档编号:435294
  • 上传时间:2025-12-01
  • 格式:DOCX
  • 页数:11
  • 大小:514.96KB
  • 配套讲稿:

    如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。

    特殊限制:

    部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。

    关 键  词:
    2022学年七年级英语上学期期末试题4 外研版 2022 学年 年级 英语 学期 期末 试题
    资源描述:

    1、2022-2022学年初一第一学期期末考试英语试题4听力理解(共26分)一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对 话读两遍。(共4分,每小题1分)1. A B C2. A B C3. A B CA B C4. A B C 二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白的内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白读两遍。(共12分,每小题1分)请听一段对话,完成第5至第6小题。5. Who is that girl? A. Mikes student. B. Mikes friend. C. Mikes sister.6. How old i

    2、s she? A. 10. B. 13. C. 30.请听一段对话,完成第7至第8小题。7. Whose classroom is this? A. Johns. B. Mikes. C. Toms.8. When does the first lesson begin? A. 8:00. B. 8:15. C. 8:30.请听一段对话,完成第9至第10小题。9What club does the boy want to join?AThe sports clubBThe music clubCThe chess club10What can the boy do?APlay computer

    3、 gamesBPlay footballCPlay the piano请听一段独白,完成第11至第13小题。11. Where do they live? A. In England. B. In Australia. C. In Canada. 12. How many people are there in the family? A. 7. B. 5. C. 3.13. What do you think of the family? A. Happy. B. Messy. C. Sad.请听一段独白,完成第14至第16小题。14. Where is Lin Haijing now?A.

    4、 In China. B. In Japan. C. In the UK.15. What does she mainly talk about? A. Her family. B. Her school. C. Her day. 16. -Why does she like TV show? -Because she thinks it is _. A. funny and exciting B. colourful and interesting C. famous and fine三、听对话,根据对话内容完成信息卡,将所缺关键信息填写在横线上。对话读两遍。(共10分,每小题2分)Gree

    5、n Light Football ClubNEW MEMBER Name: 17. _ Smith Age: 23Nationality: 18. _Job: _19._Hobbies: playing football, _20._and swimmingAddress: 37 Maple DrivePhone number: _21._ 知识运用(共25分)四、单项填空。(共13分,每小题1分)从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。22. -How old is your little brother? -_ is seven years old.A. H

    6、e B. She C. Him D. Her.23. Look! _ teacher is in the office.A. We B. Us C. Our D. Ours24. Tom has got _ paintings on his desk. A. any B. some C. this D. that25. There _ a kite on the wall.A. am B. is C. are D. be 26. We get up _ 6:00 every morning.A. of B. in C. on D. at27. Lily sits behind Julia, s

    7、o Julia is _ Lily.A. under B. in front of C. below D. above28. My mum is _ art teacher.A. an B. a C. / D. the29. -How many _ are there near your home? -Three.A. school B. schools C. schools D. schools30. -_ notebook is this? -Its Johns.A. What B. Whose C. Where D. Which 31. - _ you play the piano? -

    8、Yes, I can.A. Are B. Do C. Must D. Can32. Lets _ each other.A. to help B. helps C. helping D. help33. -How are you? -_.A. Fine, thank you. B. Im thirteen. C. I like pop music. D. By bike.34. -_? - Im from Australia.A. When is your birthday B. Who is your English teacher C. Where are you from D. What

    9、 do you like五、完形填空。(共12分,每小题1分)阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选择最佳选项。Wendy doesnt like Mondays 35 she has to go back to school after the weekend. Tuesday is not so bad for her because she usually plays basketball 36 her classmates after school. On Wednesday evening she doesnt go out. She sta

    10、ys at home and 37 her homework. Wendy likes 38 because the next day is Friday. She always goes out on Friday. Sometimes she 39 to the cinema and sometimes to the concert or somewhere else. She 40 weekend. On Saturdays she doesnt get up 41. She stays in bed until lunchtime. And she sometimes goes sho

    11、pping in the 42. In the evening she and her friend go to the 43 there are good bands(乐队) there every Saturday. Then on Sundays she goes to her friends house or her 44 comes to hers. She usually 45 her grandmother for an hour in the afternoon. Then the weekend is finished and its Monday again. And sh

    12、e feels 46 again. 35.A. so B. because C. but D. that36. A. with B. to C. in D. on37.A. plays B. takes C. does D. comes38.A. Wednesday B. Monday C. Tuesday D. Thursday39.A. goes B. listens C. runs D. reads40.A. loves B. hates C. looks D. makes41.A. stronglyB. quickly C. early D. really42. A. day B. a

    13、fternoon C. morning D. week43.A. hospital B. officeC. hotel D. club 44. A. doctorB. friend C. sister D. teacher45.A. plays B. does C. visits D. feels 46.A. good B. new C. young D. bad 阅读理解(共44分)六、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分) A MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFriday8:00-8:45E

    14、nglishChineseEnglishMathsChinese8:55-9:40MathsChineseBiologyMathsEnglish9:40-10:05Recess10:05-10:50HistoryMathsChineseEnglishMaths11:05-11:50GeographyMusicHistoryBiologyScienceLunch Time2:00-2:45ChineseArtSciencePEMusic2:55-3:40PEEnglishMathsChineseGeography3:50-4:35Art ClubScience ClubMusic ClubSpo

    15、rts ClubReading Club请根据小明一周课表的具体情况回答下列问题:47. Xiaoming has got _ English lessons in a week. A. 7. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4.48. He goes to the Sports Club on _. A. Monday. B. Tuesday. C. Wednesday. D. Thursday.49. He has Art lesson from _ to _ on Tuesday. A. 11:05-11:50. B. 2:00-2:45. C. 2:55-3:40. D. 3:50-4:

    16、35. B Mr. and Mrs. Clark come from New York. They teach English in a middle school in Beijing. They have two children, Sandy and Paul. They are in Beijing now. They love Beijing very much. Mr. Clark likes swimming and singing. His wife likes swimming and reading. They often go swimming in the aftern

    17、oon. Sandy likes playing football and swimming. Paul likes swimming and playing basketball with his Chinese friend.Pauls uncle, John works in a hospital in New York. He likes swimming, too. He loves Beijing and wants to work in Beijing. But he cant speak Chinese at all. Now he is still there and goe

    18、s to Chinese classes every week. 50. The Clarks are in _ now.A. ChinaB. EnglandC. AustraliaD. Canada51. What does the family like?A. Reading.B. Playing football.C. Skating. D. Swimming.52. Why does Pauls uncle go to Chinese classes every week? A. Because he wants to know more about China. B. Because

    19、 he would like to work in China. C. Because he wants to make friends with Chinese.D. Because he would like to help Chinese in hospital. C Hello, boys and girls. Im Nancy. Do you have a beautiful school? My school is not big but very beautiful. There are two buildings in our school. My classroom is i

    20、n Building A. There are five floors in Building A. On the first floor , there is an art room, a computer room and some offices for our teachers. On the other floors, there are some classrooms for students. Our school library is in Building B. It has two floors. There is a big hall on the first floor

    21、. We often have some meetings or interesting activities there. On the second floor, there are three reading rooms. The two big ones are for students and the small one is for teachers. Those for students are open from 12:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. and from 4:00p.m. to 7:00p.m. The teachers reading room is

    22、open from 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.We have lessons from Monday to Friday. We learn many subjects at school, like English, Chinese, Maths, Science, History, Geography and Art. My home is far away from the school. My mother drives me to school every day. It takes us about half an hour to get there. 53. W

    23、hat does Nancys school look like? A. Big. B. Small. C. Messy. D. Open.54. How many subjects do they learn? A. 10. B. 9. C. 8. D. 7.55. How does the writer go to school? A. By Car. B. On foot. C. By bus. D. By bike.D If you are like me and you love drawing a lot, then Im sure youll love “Drawing With

    24、 Mark”. “Drawing With Mark” is a great show and Mark is really helpful. He gives children some tips on how to draw and often teaches children some history about the things they draw. Children can also learn three or four fun facts about what they are drawing.“Happy Tails” is about cats and dogs. Mar

    25、k shows how to draw them and talks about how to look after them, too.In “ A Day With Dinosaurs(恐龙)”, Mark visits the Museum of Boston and speaks to an expert(专家) to learn how the dinosaurs lived, what they ate and how they lived. In Reach For The Stars”, Mark is also at the Museum of Boston. He spea

    26、ks to another expert about the stars. I learned how far we are from the stars. I thought that the stars were just about 100 miles from us, but they are millions of miles from us. Thats really far!If you love drawing, you can watch this show. You can have fun with the tips Mark gives you. The tips wi

    27、ll help you to become an artist. 56. What is “Drawing With Mark” like?A. Interesting. B. Helpful. C. Lovely. D. Personal.57. What is “ Happy Tails” about? A. Stars and the moon. B. Artists. C. Dinosaurs. D. Cats and dogs.58. How does Mark learn how long the dinosaurs lived?A. By talking with an expe

    28、rt. B. By reading a book. C. By surfing the Internet. D. By watching TV. 59. Which of the following is True according to the passage?A. Children cant learn any history about the things they draw.B. Mark thought the stars were very near from us.C. The writer likes “Drawing With Mark” a lot.D. Mark ca

    29、nt draw any kinds of animals.七、阅读对话,根据对话内容,从下面方框所给的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。(共8分,每小题2分) A: Hi, would you like to come to my birthday party? B: Yes, Id love to. 60_ A: This Saturday, at my house. B: OK! I always like birthday parties. A: Great! B: What do you usually do at a Chinese birthday pa

    30、rty? A: 61_ And we eat birthday cake too. But my mother never makes a birthday cake. She usually buys a special one and I cut it at the party. And we sometimes give birthday cards. B: Do you usually sing Happy Birthday? A: 62_ B: Do you sing it in Chinese or English? A: We sing it in Chinese and Eng

    31、lish. B: 63_ A: Sometimes. B: So what would you like for your birthday ? A: Its a secret. Ha haA: Do you get presents in China?B: At the birthday dinner, we eat noodles.C: When is it?D: I can speak English very well.E: Yes, we always sing Happy Birthday.八、阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分,每小题2分) Hi! My name is

    32、Kevin. John is my best friend. We live in the same building. We study in the same school but not in the same class. We often play football together after school. We have been good friends for two years.John is tall and strong with black hair. He has a round face, a small nose and big, brown eyes. I

    33、like his eyes because they are always bright and smiling.John is always friendly and helpful. When I feel bored or unhappy, he tells me funny stories and makes me laugh. Hell give me help when I need.John is very smart. He reads a lot of books. He is good at singing and acts very well. He would like

    34、 to make people happy with his songs and performance when he grows up. I believe that he can become as popular as Jackie Chan and travel around the world in the future. 15564. Who is John?65. Are they in the same class?66. How long have they been good friends?67. What will John do when I feel bored

    35、or unhappy?68. What is John like? 书面表达(共25分)九、完成句子。(共10分,每小题2分)根据中文意思完成句子。69. 该收拾房间了。_ tidy up.70. 请把桌子上的报纸给我。Please _the paper on the desk_ me.71. 我想游遍中国。I_ travel all over China.72. 我和妈妈喜欢同样的食物。 I like _ food _my mother.73. 他们为聚会做好准备了。 They _ the party. 十、文段表达。(共15分)74. 大家已经在中学学习一个学期了,相信中学的生活很有趣吧。

    36、请你以My Favourite School Day为题,给大家介绍你最喜欢的一天,并说说为什么喜欢。如:喜欢的科目、喜欢的老师、喜欢的课外活动等。要求:字数不少于50词,不要写出真实姓名和校名。2022-2022学年初一第一学期期末考试英语试题4参考答案及录音材料一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对话读两遍。(共4分,每小题1分)1-4 BCBA二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白的内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白读两遍。(共12分,每小题1分) 5-6 CA 7-8 AC 9-10 BC 11-13 CBA 14

    37、-16 BCA 三、听对话,根据对话内容完成信息卡,将所缺关键信息填写在横线上。对话读两遍。(共10分,每小题2分)17. Martin 18. America 19. PE teacher 20. singing 21. 7564-6683四、单项填空。(共13分,每小题1分)22-26 ACBBD 27-31 BACBD 32-34 DAC五、完形填空。(共12分,每小题1分)35-39 BACDA 40-44 ACBDB 45-46 CD六、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分)A: 47-49 CDB B: 50-

    38、52 ADB C: 53-55 BDA D: 56-59 BDAC七、阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。(共8分,每小题2分) 60-63 CBEA八、阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分,每小题2分) 64. He is Kevins friend.65. No, they arent.66. For two years.67. He tells me funny stories and makes me laugh.68. He is smart, friendly and helpful. (写出两个品质给1分,写出三个

    39、给2分)九、完成句子。(共10分,每小题2分)69.Its time to70.giveto71.want to72.the same as 73. are ready for十、文段表达。(共15分)74. My Favourite School DayTuesday is my favourite school day. My first two classes are English and history. They are my favourite subjects.Then after classes, we have some clubs. I go to reading clu

    40、b. Ms Li is my reading teacher. She is really friendly.On Tuesday, I also have sports practice. I like playing football. I can play football with my classmates happily.I love my school day.第一档:(1513分)完全符合题目要求,观点正确,要点齐全。句式多样,词汇丰富。语言准确,语意连贯,表达清楚,具有逻辑性。 第二档:(129分)基本符合题目要求,观点正确,要点齐全。语法结构和词汇基本满足文章需要。语言基本

    41、通顺,语意基本连贯,表达基本清楚。虽然有少量语言错误,但不影响整体理解。第三档:(85分) 部分内容符合题目要求,要点不齐全。语法结构和词汇错误较多,语言不通顺,表达不够清楚,影响整体理解。第四档:(40分) 与题目有关内容不多,只是简单拼凑词语,所写内容难以理解。听力材料一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对话读两遍。 1.W: Hi, Tom! What does your father do? M: He is a doctor. 2. M: Where is my bag, Mum? W: Oh, its on your bed. 3. W:

    42、What do you usually do after school?M: I usually play football.4. W: Whats your favourite subject? M: English. I like it very much.二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白的内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白读两遍。请听一段对话,完成第5至第6小题。 W: Do you know the girl in blue, Mike? M: Yes, she is my sister, Alice.W: Is she thirteen years

    43、 old?M: No. She is ten years old.请听一段对话,完成第7至第8小题。W: Hi, John! Is this your classroom? M: Yes. I have lessons in it. W: When does the first lesson begin? M: It begins at 8:30.请听一段对话,完成第9至第10小题。W: Can I help you?M: Yes, please. I want to join the music club.W: OK. Can you play the guitar?M: No, I can

    44、t.W: Can you play the violin?M: Sorry, I cant. But I can play the piano very well. W: Thats good!请听一段独白,完成第11至第13小题。Hello, my name is Tina from Canada. Im thirteen years old and I live with my mom, dad and my brother. My grandpa also lives with us. My brothers name is Harry. He is eight years old. H

    45、e likes watching TV. And playing soccer is his favorite. I like to watch movies and read magazines. My mom and dad like sports and listening to music. They love playing tennis together, but they are always fighting because my mother likes pop music but my father likes light music.请听一段独白,完成第14至第16小题。

    46、Hi! Im Lin Haijing. I am in America for a week. Im living with Mr. and Mrs. Green in their home this winter vacation. They are very nice to me. Now, let me tell you about my day. I usually get up at around 6:30. Then I take a shower. I eat breakfast at around 7:15. At 8:00, I take the bus to school.

    47、 I am at school all day. I am in the music club and I have violin lessons on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons at 3:00. I come home at 4:00. I rest for an hour then I go running. I love to run. I eat dinner at about 6:00. After dinner, I watch TV for half an hour with Mrs. Green. My favorite TV show s

    48、tarts at 6:45. I like it because it is funny and exciting. At 7:30, I do my homework. I go to bed at 10:00. What about your winter vocation? What do you do every day?三、听对话,根据对话内容完成信息卡,将所缺关键信息填写在横线上。对话读两遍。M: Good afternoon.W: Hi, good afternoon.M: Id like to join the Green Light Football Club.W: Sure

    49、. I just need some details from you. M: Okay.W: Well, whats your name?M: Martin Smith.W: Er How do you spell it?M: M-a-r-t-i-n, Martin.W: How old are you?M: Im 23.W: And whats your nationality?M: Oh, I come from America. W: What do you do?M: Im a P E teacher in a middle school.W: Do you have any hob

    50、bies?M: Oh, I like swimming and singing with my friends at weekends. And of course I like playing football very much.W: OK. Whats your address, Martin?M: Its 37 Maple Drive.W: And whats your telephone number?M: Its 7564-6683.W: 7-5-6-4-6-6-8-3. What about your e-mail?M: My e-mail address is martin11

    展开阅读全文
    提示  课堂库(九科星学科网)所有资源均是用户自行上传分享,仅供网友学习交流,未经上传用户书面授权,请勿作他用。
    关于本文
    本文标题:2022学年七年级英语上学期期末试题4 外研版.docx
    链接地址:https://www.ketangku.com/wenku/file-435294.html
    相关资源 更多
  • 齐次化妙解圆锥曲线(解析版).pdf齐次化妙解圆锥曲线(解析版).pdf
  • 齐次化妙解圆锥曲线(学生版).pdf齐次化妙解圆锥曲线(学生版).pdf
  • 黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试物理试题答案.pdf黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试物理试题答案.pdf
  • 黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试地理试题答案.pdf黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试地理试题答案.pdf
  • 黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试历史试题答案.pdf黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试历史试题答案.pdf
  • 黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试化学试题答案.pdf黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试化学试题答案.pdf
  • 黑龙江省大庆实验中学二部2023-2024学年高二英语上学期10月阶段性考试试题(PDF版附答案).pdf黑龙江省大庆实验中学二部2023-2024学年高二英语上学期10月阶段性考试试题(PDF版附答案).pdf
  • 黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期11月期中考试试卷(PDF版带答案).pdf黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期11月期中考试试卷(PDF版带答案).pdf
  • 黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期第二次验收考试试题(PDF版附答案).pdf黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期第二次验收考试试题(PDF版附答案).pdf
  • 黑龙江省哈尔滨市哈尔滨第三中学2021-2022学年高二上学期第一学段学业水平考试 英语 pdf版试卷.pdf黑龙江省哈尔滨市哈尔滨第三中学2021-2022学年高二上学期第一学段学业水平考试 英语 pdf版试卷.pdf
  • 高考英语一轮复习英语语法专题复习:特殊句型讲解课件(共105张).pptx高考英语一轮复习英语语法专题复习:特殊句型讲解课件(共105张).pptx
  • 高中英语音标与口型.swf高中英语音标与口型.swf
  • 陕西省西安中学2022届高三英语五月全仿真模拟考试(一)(PDF版含答案).pdf陕西省西安中学2022届高三英语五月全仿真模拟考试(一)(PDF版含答案).pdf
  • 陕西省汉中市2021届高三上学期12月校级联考英语试题 答案.pdf陕西省汉中市2021届高三上学期12月校级联考英语试题 答案.pdf
  • 陕西省榆林市第十中学2023-2024学年高一英语上学期第一次月考试题(PDF版附答案).pdf陕西省榆林市第十中学2023-2024学年高一英语上学期第一次月考试题(PDF版附答案).pdf
  • 重庆市南开中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期12月第四次质量检测试题(PDF版附答案).pdf重庆市南开中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期12月第四次质量检测试题(PDF版附答案).pdf
  • 重庆市2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期中试题(pdf无答案).pdf重庆市2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期中试题(pdf无答案).pdf
  • 重庆市2021-2022学年高一英语下学期期末试题(PDF版带答案).pdf重庆市2021-2022学年高一英语下学期期末试题(PDF版带答案).pdf
  • 重庆市2022-2023学年高三英语上学期高考适应性月考卷(四)试卷(PDF版附答案).pdf重庆市2022-2023学年高三英语上学期高考适应性月考卷(四)试卷(PDF版附答案).pdf
  • 星空 2023小升初《重点中学招生 真题超详解》英语(131套)试卷及答案.pdf星空 2023小升初《重点中学招生 真题超详解》英语(131套)试卷及答案.pdf
  • 星空 2023小升初《重点中学招生 五年真题分类卷》英语及答案.pdf星空 2023小升初《重点中学招生 五年真题分类卷》英语及答案.pdf
  • 新疆霍尔果斯市2023-2024学年高三英语上学期11月月考试题(pdf无答案).pdf新疆霍尔果斯市2023-2024学年高三英语上学期11月月考试题(pdf无答案).pdf
  • 二年级下英语教学反思-Unit 4l苏教牛津版.doc二年级下英语教学反思-Unit 4l苏教牛津版.doc
  • 人教版高中英语必修一教学课件:UNIT 2 PERIOD 2 .ppt人教版高中英语必修一教学课件:UNIT 2 PERIOD 2 .ppt
  • 全优课堂2016届英语高考总复习课件(人教新课标)BOOK 5 UNIT 2.ppt全优课堂2016届英语高考总复习课件(人教新课标)BOOK 5 UNIT 2.ppt
  • 人教版(2019)高中英语必修第二册Unit1-Unit5 单词检测练习题汇编(Word版含答案).docx人教版(2019)高中英语必修第二册Unit1-Unit5 单词检测练习题汇编(Word版含答案).docx
  • 人教版(2019)高中英语必修第二册Unit 1-5 全套教案(附UNIT 1-UNIT 5 共5套单元测试卷及答案).docx人教版(2019)高中英语必修第二册Unit 1-5 全套教案(附UNIT 1-UNIT 5 共5套单元测试卷及答案).docx
  • 《高考总动员》2016届高考英语(北师大版)总复习课件:必修2-UNIT4 .ppt《高考总动员》2016届高考英语(北师大版)总复习课件:必修2-UNIT4 .ppt
  • 《通用》2014版英语《高考专题辅导》课件:书面表达(共148张PPT).ppt《通用》2014版英语《高考专题辅导》课件:书面表达(共148张PPT).ppt
  • 关于我们 - 联系我们 - 加入我们 - 常用工具与软件 - 公益活动

    copyright@ 2020-2024 www.ketangku.com网站版权所有

    黑ICP备2024021605号-1