2019-2020学年外研版英语必修四同步讲义：MODULE 2 TRAFFIC JAM 2 SECTION Ⅱ　INTRODUCTION .doc

1、Section Introduction & Reading and VocabularyLanguage Points be connected to与相连；接通(教材P11)This bus is connected to electric wires.这辆公共汽车与电线连接。(1)connect v连接；联合connect.to/with. 把与连接起来(2)be connected with 与有关系(3)connection n联系in connection with 与有关have a/no connection with 和有关/无关 I found my smart phone

2、 couldnt be connected to the Internet.我发现我的手机连不上网。England is connected to Europe mainland by the English Channel.英格兰通过英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆相连。即学即练单句语法填空a.The word “blue” is always connected with the color of the sky.b. If you want to get the information, you must connect your computer with/to the database firs

3、t.They are having a meeting to discuss some problems connected(connect) with English study.He asked many questions in connection(connect) with life in Britain. 表示“与有关”的短语：have something to do with；be related to；be involved in；be concerned with。 be/get stuck in被困在中；卡住， 处于困境(教材P11)Have you ever been s

4、tuck in a traffic jam?你曾被困于交通阻塞中吗？(1)be/get stuck/caught/trapped in被困在(2)stick to 遵守， 信守； 坚持The lift broke down and we were stuck/trapped/caught in it. 电梯坏了，我们被困住了。The school bus got stuck in the mud this morning.As a result, we were late for school. 今天早上校车陷在泥里了。结果我们上学迟到了。即学即练单句语法填空Will you help me

5、with this math problem? I get stuck in it. a. We were stuck(stick) in traffic jams for over an hour yesterday, so we were late for the meeting. bStuck(stick) in the traffic jam for over an hour yesterday, we were late for the meeting. It was getting dark; I found a car stuck(stick) in a pool by the

6、side of the road.(浙江卷)Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all. permitn执照；许可证vt.许可；允许(教材P12)You should check the cab has a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt.你得确保司机有营业执照，并且一定要索取发票。(1)permitn./pron./doing允许permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事(2)permission n. U许可，

7、允许ask for permission 请求许可with/without sb.s permission 得到允许/未经许可 You are not allowed to drive without a driving permit.除非你有驾照， 否则你不被允许开车。Weather permitting, we will have a picnic in the woods.天气允许的话，我们将在树林里野餐。即学即练单句语法填空Would you permit me to smoke(smoke) here?Sorry，we dont permit smoking(smoke) here

8、in the lab.Read the daily newspaper, magazines and other books, but you are not permitted to take(take) them out.(2018江苏卷)Its strange that he should have taken the books without the owners permission(permit)permit 既可以用于permit doing sth.，也可用于permit sb.to do sth.。有相同用法的动词还有advise，allow，forbid等。 provid

9、evt.提供(教材P12)Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing.公共交通为人们游览北京提供了一种低价位的出行方式。(1)provide sth.for sb.provide sb.with sth.向某人提供某物(2)provided/providing conj. 假如，在条件下(3)offer sb.sth.offer sth.to sb. 给某人提供某物(4)supply sb.with sth.supply sth.to/for sb. 向某人提供/供应某物 Insurance can provid

10、e protection against almost any kind of loss. 保险可以对几乎任何种类的损失提供保护。There is no need to worry about it as the government is now making every effort to provide more jobs.没必要担心，因为政府正在尽一切努力提供更多的工作岗位。即学即练单句语法填空a. Id appreciate it if you could do me a favor to provide me with some suggestions.b. Id apprecia

11、te it if you could do me a favor to provide some suggestions to me.Provided/Providing(provide) that he doesnt agree to help us, who should we turn to for help?巧学活用选词填空(supply/offer/provide)They decided to provide/supply us with all the books we needed.The cars will be supplied/offered to people livi

12、ng in the country.The kindhearted woman provides some food for the beggars every day.We offered him our congratulations for his passing the entrance examination. get around到处旅行；四处走动；(消息/流言)传播(教材P12)Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing.公共交通为人们游览北京提供了一种低价位的出行方式。get through做完；

13、接通，通过get over 恢复；克服get along/on (with) 进展；相处get down to 认真着手进行，认真处理 Its hard to get around in Beijing without a car. 没有汽车的话，在北京四处走动很困难。It got around quickly that the famous singer would give a concert in that city.这位著名歌手将在那座城市开演唱会的消息迅速传开。即学即练单句语法填空Dont just sit there! Get down to discussing(discuss)

14、 that question!Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening，but there must be something wrong with the network；I cant seem to get throughHe was disappointed at not getting the job, but hell get over it. limitvt.限制；限定n界限；限定 (教材P12)Buses numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city centre.1

15、路到100路公共汽车都是仅限于市中心行驶的。(1)limit.to.把限制到(2)limited adj. 有限的 (安徽卷)The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.通常来说，一个人的智力极限出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他的生活环境。The public is not allowed within a 2mile limit

16、 of the site.公众不得进入这个场地两英里范围内。即学即练单句语法填空a. (2019北京海淀区期中)In order to save time, he limited his lecture to thirty minutes.b. I believe teaching should not be limited to the classroom.He was born in a poor family, and only received a limited(limit) education in his childhood. convenientadj.方便的；便利的(教材P1

17、2)Trains are fast and convenient，but rush hours can be terrible.地铁方便快捷，但在交通高峰期，情况可能会很糟糕。(1)It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事很方便sth.be convenient to/for sb. 对某人来说是方便的if/when it is convenient to sb. 如果某人方便的话/当某人方便时(2)convenience n. 方便，便利at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候(2018江苏卷)Hopefully in 2025

18、 we will no longer be emailing each other, for we will have developed more convenient electronic communication tools by then.希望到2025年我们不再互相发电子邮件， 因为那时我们将开发出更方便的电子通信工具。 Phones make it more convenient for people to make contact with relatives and friends.手机使得人们与亲戚朋友联系起来更方便。即学即练单句语法填空a. (2016全国卷)If its

19、 convenient to you, lets meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.b(朗文辞典)Our house is very convenient for/to schools and stores. (山东卷)Would it be convenient for you to pick(pick) me up at four oclock and take me to the airport?Can you come and give me a hand at your convenience(convenient)?convenient作表语

20、时，不可用人作主语，而要用物或形式主语it作主语。“当你方便的时候”应译成“When it is convenient to you”而不能译成“When you are convenient”。 祈使句and陈述句(教材P12)Simply raise your hand，and a taxi appears in no time.只要你招招手，立刻就会有出租车开过来。本句为“祈使句and陈述句”句型，祈使句相当于一个条件句，陈述句表示一种结果，故该句型相当于“if条件句主句”。类似句型有：(1)祈使句or/otherwise陈述句If.not.，主句(2)名词词组(通常含有more，ano

21、ther等词)and陈述句 Work hard, and you can make rapid progress in your study. 努力学习， 你的学习就会进步很快。Give me time, and Ill do it.给我时间，我就会做好它。即学即练单句语法填空a. Give her two more minutes and she will come here. bTwo more minutes, and she will come here. (北京卷)Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs, or y

22、ou could have problems.a.Work(work) hard, and youll succeed in time.bWorking(work) hard, youll succeed in time.链接写作一句多译仔细观察， 你就会在夜空中找到那颗星星。aIf you observe carefully, youll find the star in the sky.b. Observe carefully, and youll find the star in the sky.非谓语动词作状语与祈使句表示条件时的区别：如果有并列连词and/or/otherwise，前

23、面便是祈使句；如果没有，则是非谓语动词作状语。 be worth doing值得做(教材P12)Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys(hutong)of old Beijing.如果你想去老北京的胡同探秘，三轮脚踏车是值得一坐的。句中be worth doing意为 “值得做”。(1)be worthmoney/an effort/a try 值得花钱/努力/一试(2)be worthy(3)It is worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做 An hour in the m

24、orning is worth two in the evening.谚语一日之计在于晨。The book intended for children is worth 20 dollars.这本儿童读物值20美元。链接写作一句多译他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。His suggestion put forward at the conference is worth consideringHis suggestion put forward at the conference is worthy of being considered/to be consideredIt is worthwh

25、ile to consider/considering his suggestion put forward at the conference.be worth doing意为“值得做”，其中动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。worth为表语形容词，不作前置定语，常用well修饰，表示“很值得”。 品句填词1The construction(建设)of the new airport has been delayed because of the bad weather.2The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display(展

26、出) their works.3If you want to go camping，we can provide(提供) you with tent.4You must get a permit(执照) if you want to run a shop.5The progress China has made in the past twenty years is very impressive(给人深刻印象的)6The Internet is a convenient(方便的) way to communicate and share information with people all

27、 over the world.7They were marching forward despite the heavy rain because they had to reach the destination(目的地) before the dark.8Man has already begun to explore(探索) the Mars, hoping to find signs of life there.9(湖北卷)Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may al

28、so limit(限制) our thinking.10The motorway was closed because of fog; as a result we had to find an alternative route(路线) 单句改错1Although we take an hour a day for exercise, it is very worth it.verywell2Unluckily, his car was stick in the traffic jam yesterday.stickstuck3The teacher didnt permit me expl

29、ain the reason why I was late.在explain前加to4The hotel provides a shoecleaning service to guests.tofor5Get up earlier tomorrow, and you will miss the first bus.andor 课文语法填空Taxis are on the streets 24 hours a day in Beijing. Simply raise your hand, 1.and a taxi appears in no time.You should check the c

30、ab has 2.a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt.Public transport 3.provides(provide) a cheap way 4.to_get(get) around in Beijing.It is a good idea 5.to_avoid(avoid) public transport during the rush hour.Tourists shouldnt miss the 103 bus 6.which/that offers one of the most impressive

31、 7.routes(route)There are four underground lines in Beijing, and several lines are under 8.construction(construct)Trains are fast and 9.convenient(convenience), but rush hours can be terrible.Tricycles are worth 10.using(use) if you want to explore the narrow alleys of old Beijing. 单句语法填空1A USB port

32、 is a place where you can connect other machines to/with a computer.2Where have you been?I got stuck(stick) in the heavy traffic, or I would have been here earlier.3The website provides students with free information about how to choose a good college.4What do you think of this place?A lot of small

33、towns in this area are definitely worth visiting(visit)5Beijings new airport is under construction(construct), making it one of the largest and most efficient airports in the world.6(2019深圳中学高一月考)Stand over there, and you will be able to see the better view.7I want to see you at 9：00 tomorrow mornin

34、g.Will it be convenient(convenience) for you?It depends.I am afraid I will have to look after my mother at home.8The students were not permitted to_leave(leave) the classroom without an adequate reason.9The children were so hungry that they ate their dinner in no time.10(湖北卷)What was so impressive(i

35、mpress) about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted. 阅读理解ATraffic jam and cities, it seems, go hand in hand. Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic; but, like the weather, no one seems to do anything about it. In particular, traffic engineers, transpor

36、tation planners, and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam. But is traffic jam a sign of failure? Long queues at restaurants or theater box offices are seen as signs of success. Should transportation systems

37、 be viewed any differently? I think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable byproduct of successful cities, and view the“traffic problem” in a different light. Cities exist because they promote social interactions and economic transactions. Traffic jam occurs where there are lots of

38、 people but limited spaces. Culturally and economically successful cities have the worst traffic problems, while decaying cities dont have much traffic. New York and Los Angeles are Americas most crowded cities. But if you want access to major brokerage houses (经纪行), you will find them easier to rea

39、ch in crowded New York than in any other large cities. And if your firm needs access to postproduction film editors or satellite guidance engineers, you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere. Despite traffic jam, a larger number and

40、 wider variety of social interactions and economic transactions can be made perfect in large, crowded cities than elsewhere. Seen in this light, traffic jam is an unfortunate consequence of prosperity, not a cause of economic decline and urban decay. So while we can consider traffic jam as increasin

41、g costs on the areas of big cities, the costs of inaccessibility (交通不便) in uncrowded places are almost certainly greater. There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok, Jakarta, and Lagos. But mobility is far higher and traffic jam le

42、vels are far lower here in the US, even in our most crowded cities. Thats why, for now, we dont see people and capital streaming out of San Francisco and Chicago, heading for cities like California, and Illinois. 【解题导语】本文就城市交通堵塞现象进行了阐述及分析，并对其造成的影响进行了说明。1We can conclude from the first paragraph that

43、_Atraffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of the big cityBtraffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal withCif traffic engineers try their best, traffic jam can be solvedDpublic officials are always criticized for misusing their powerB解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“like the weathe

44、r, no one seems to do anything about it”可知， 人们对交通堵塞现象无能为力， 说明交通拥挤问题很棘手， 难以解决。2According to the passage, whats the authors opinion towards traffic jam? AIn cities, traffic jam is unavoidable. BTraffic jam is both a sign of failure and a sign of success. CTraffic jam is the consequence of successful c

45、ities. DFor a successful city, traffic jam is not unpreventable. C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句和第四段最后一句可知， 作者认为交通拥挤是城市成功的一个不可避免的副产品， 应从另一个角度来看待交通拥挤现象。3By saying “decaying”(in Para. 3), the writer probably means _AdecliningBdevelopingCrich and successful Dstrong and healthyA解析：词义猜测题。根据该句所在句子中的while(而，却)表对比可知， d

46、ecaying的意思应与successful相对， 故选A。4What can we learn from the last paragraph? ACalifornia is as crowded and successful as San Francisco. BThe traffic jam in San Francisco has resulted in the capital becoming empty. CThe traffic jam level in Jakarta is lower than that in the US. DTraffic jam has caused t

47、errible bad effects in cities such as Bangkok and Lagos. D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知， D项正确， 其他选项均与文中事实不符。BYouve probably never heard of Dr. June McCarroll, but shes truly a woman who left her mark on the world.Born in Nebraska, she was a general practitioner who lived in California. Interestingly enough,

48、her fame lies outside the world of medicine. An accident got her thinking about making our highways safer. Her car was sideswiped(擦边)，and she determined to do something about cars that crowded others off the road.Driving on a road that bulged(突起) down its center，Dr. McCarroll noticed that the bulge

49、helped to keep motorists on their own side of the road. That gave her an idea. She tried persuading the local government to “paint a line down the middle of the road” to set an example and“lead the nation in public safety”She got the typical bureaucratic(官僚的) response. However, she was someone who w

50、ould not take no for an answer. So she took her idea to the local womens club. The vote was unanimous(一致同意的) in support of the project. Still, she continued to face bureaucratic stubbornness(固执) for seven long years before her idea was put into practice.In 1924 the California Highway Commission agre

51、ed to experiment with a centerline on two sections of Route 99. Accidents on both test stretches were reduced greatly, and soon the entire state marked McCarroll lines on its highways. Most of the world has since followed suit. Message: When you believe in an idea, go after that idea, especially if

52、people you respect believe its a good one.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Dr.June McCarroll是第一个提出在高速公路的中央划分界线的人，她因为这个创意而闻名于世。5What would be the best title for the passage?ASafety Problems on the HighwayBThe Woman Who Drew the LineCA Woman Who Had Her Own MindDHow the Highway Was Made SaferB解析：标题归纳题。综合分析文章可知，Dr. June

53、 McCarroll是第一个提出在高速公路的中央划分界线的人，因为她的这个创意，高速公路交通事故大大减少，故B项最能体现文章的中心。6When Dr. June McCarroll first put forward her suggestion, the local government_Adidnt support herBheld an unanimous voteCasked the local womens club to consider itDthought it was worth tryingA解析：细节理解题。从文章第三段第一句“She got the typical bu

54、reaucratic (官僚的) response.”可知，官员们没有理会她。7We learn from the last paragraph that _ADr. June McCarrolls idea only worked on two sections of Route 99Ba centerline on the highway worked as well as the bulgeCDr. June McCarrolls idea proved to be quite usefulDonly the state of California accepted Dr. June M

55、cCarrolls ideaC解析：推理判断题。文章最后一段说明，在高速公路中央画线后，事故大大减少，其他国家纷纷效仿，因此C项正确。8Through the story of Dr. June McCarroll, the author intends to tell us _Awe can become famous outside our own fieldBa chance always waits for someone who is well preparedCwe should go after our own idea no matter what others sayDwe

56、should never give up our idea if we believe in itD解析：推理判断题。文章介绍Dr. June McCarroll的提议虽然遭到官方的冷遇，但她从来没有放弃，并通过自己的努力最终获得成功。文章最后总结一旦你认为自己的想法是正确的，就应该坚持、不放弃。因此D项符合作者的意图。 七选五In the United States, teenagers can get their drivers license when they are only 16 years old, but it feels like forever until that day

57、 comes. Trust me, because Ive been there. 1_ But in my opinion, its worth it because it means having a lot of freedom. 2._ And everything there is really spread out. So until I turned 16, my parents had to drive me pretty much everywhere.There were several steps before I got that special plastic car

58、d.In Iowa, everyone can get their learners permit at the age of 14, which means you can only drive if your parent is sitting in the seat next to you. 3_ In the state of Iowa, if you live more than a mile (1.6km) away from school you can get a school permit. You can only drive to school and back home

59、. Luckily, I lived just over a mile away from school, so I was able to drive my moms car to school. 4._Finally, after taking (and passing) a threemonthlong drivers education course and the final test, I was able to get my drivers license. 5._ It did in fact make life quite a bit easier.AI could almo

60、st taste the freedom already. BStill, on the day of my drivers test, I was nervous. CThe next step was to get my school permit at the age of 15. DGetting a drivers license takes a lot of time and energy. EIm from the rural state of Iowa that doesnt have a lot of public transportation. FTo many peopl

61、e, getting a drivers license is a rite of passage(仪式) that involves a lot of luck. GBut if you were caught going outside that route you would get in big trouble. 【解题导语】本篇文章讲述了美国未成年人学驾照的事情，主要讲了得到驾照的好处、所需要的步骤以及在什么情况下允许开车。最后得到驾照，它意味着自由，有时候会让生活变得更好。1D解析：考查对下文的理解能力。“But in my opinion, its worth it becaus

62、e it means having a lot of freedom.”但是在我看来它是值得的， 因为它意味着有很多的自由。此处句意转折， 所以前面应该是学习驾照的艰辛“Getting a drivers license takes a lot of time and energy.”得到驾照会花费很多时间和精力，故选D。2E解析：考查对下文的理解能力。“everything there is really spread out. So until I turned 16, my parents had to drive me pretty much everywhere”可知，这里的一切都很

63、分散，所以直到我16岁我父母不得不开车带我去很多地方。故选E。3C解析：考查对上文的理解能力。“There were several steps before I got that special plastic card.In Iowa, everyone can get their learners permit at the age of 14, which means you can only drive if your parent is sitting in the seat next to you.”可知，在我得到特殊的塑料卡片之前有一些步骤，在十四岁的时候每个人都能得到学习者的

64、允许，它意味着只有父母坐在你旁边的时候你才能驾驶。故选C。4G解析：考查对上文的理解。“Luckily, I lived just over a mile away from school, so I was able to drive my moms car to school.”可知，幸运的是，我家离学校刚好超过1.6km，所以我可以开我妈妈的车去学校。下文句意转折， 故选G。5A解析：考查对上下文的理解。“Finally, after taking (and passing) a threemonthlong drivers education course and the final test, I was able to get my drivers license.”可知，我有能力得到我的驾照，“It did in fact make life quite a bit easier.”它确实让生活更容易。故选A。