北京市东城区2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）.docx

1、东城区2021-2022学年度第二学期期末统一检测高二英语一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A mother and her four young children were asleep when a fire erupted in the home.Ramon Pasborg was _1_ home when he smelled smoke and saw flames (火焰) coming from a window. Pasborg decided to _2_

2、 the driveway, where he saw a young girl and two boys leaving the house. They told Pasborg that their mother and 4-year-old little brother were still inside and without _3_ he entered the house. Pasborg could not see anything inside because of heavy smokes, so he crawled (爬行) on his hands and knees

3、on the floor several feet into the kitchen before he found the small child. He immediately _4_ the boy around the waist, picked him up and carried him, outside.With a temperature below zero, Pasborg quickly put all four children in is truck to keep them _5_ before entering the burning home a second

4、time, this time crawling through the kitchen _6_ into the house in search of the childrens missing mother. Moments later, Pasborg found the woman lying on the floor, badly burned and struggling to breathe. After dragging her outside, he noticed that she was _7_ and no longer breathing, so he began p

5、erforming lifesaving measures until she suddenly took a deep breath. Pasborg then drove the family to the end of the driveway near the highway and awaited the _8_ of emergency first responders.The family were touched by the _9_ and selflessness Pasborg displayed. The heros willingness to _10_his own

6、 life to rescue this family was the difference between life and death for this young mother and her child.1. A. stayingB. movingC. walkingD. driving2. A. pull intoB. run intoC. break intoD. look into3. A. questionB. hesitationC. permissionD. expectation4. A. touchedB. surroundedC. grabbedD. shook5.

7、A. warmB. calmC. cleanD. awake6. A. lowerB. closerC. higherD. deeper7. A. discouragedB. unresponsiveC. impatientD. unpleasant8. A. entryB. returnC. arrivalD. guide9 A. loyaltyB. courageC. generosityD. humbleness10. A. riskB. sustainC. adjustD. save【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. B 10.

8、 A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了帕斯博格在回家的路上遇到火灾，毫不犹豫地进入火海并成功救出一家人的事迹。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉蒙帕斯博格开车回家时闻到了烟味，看到一家房子窗外有火焰。A. staying停留；B. moving移动；C. walking散步；D. driving驾驶。根据第三段的“Pasborg then drove the family to the end of the driveway.（帕斯伯格随后开车将一家人送到了车道的尽头。）”可知，帕斯伯格是在驾车回家的路上遇到了这起火灾。故选D项。【2题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：帕斯博格决定

9、把车驶入一旁的私家车道停下，在那里他看到一个小女孩和两个男孩离开了房子。A. pull into停车；B. run into遇见；C. break into强行进入； D. look into调查。 根据后文的“he entered the house（他进了屋）”可知，帕斯伯格将车停好准备接下来的救人。故选A项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们告诉帕斯伯格，他们的母亲和 4 岁的弟弟还在里面，然后他毫不犹豫地进入了屋内。A. question问题；B. hesitation犹豫不决；C. permission允许；D. expectation期望。 根据后文的“Pasborg cou

10、ld not see anything inside because of heavy smokes.（帕斯博格因为浓烟而看不到里面的任何东西。）”可知，情况紧急，在知道屋内有人被困后他第一时间进入了屋内救人，without hesitation：毫不犹豫。故选B项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他立即搂住少年的腰，将他抱起来，往外走。A. touched接触； B. surrounded 包围；C. grabbed抓住；D. shook摇摆。 发现男孩后他要救孩子出去，grab sb. around the waist：抓住某人的腰部。故选C项。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：温

11、度低于零下，帕斯博格迅速将四个孩子全部送进卡车取暖，然后第二次进入着火的家，这次他是从厨房爬到屋子更深处，寻找孩子们失踪的母亲。A. warm温暖的；B. calm平静的；C. clean干净的；D. awake清醒的。 根据“With a temperature below zero（温度低于零下）”可知，户外很冷，帕斯博格将四个孩子送进卡车取暖。故选A项。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：温度低于零下，帕斯博格迅速将四个孩子全部送进卡车取暖，然后第二次进入着火的家，这次他是从厨房爬到屋子更深处，寻找孩子们失踪的母亲。A. lower更低地； B. closer更近地； C. higher

12、更高地；D. deeper更深地。 根据上一题的分析可知，帕斯博格第一轮救人没有发现孩子们的母亲，因此帕斯博格第二轮救人就要更加深入屋内。故选D项。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：将她拖到外面后，他发现她已经没有反应，没有呼吸了，于是他开始采取救生措施，直到她突然深吸了一口气。A. discouraged泄气的；B. unresponsive无反应的；C. impatient 没有耐心的；D. unpleasant不愉快的。 根据“no longer breathing（不再呼吸）”可知，这位母亲暂时没有了反应。故选B项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：帕斯博格随后开车将一家人送到靠

13、近高速公路的车道尽头，在那里等待急救人员的到来。A. entry进入；B. return返回；C. arrival到达；D. guide导游。 根据“ emergency first responders（急救人员）”可知，帕斯博格救出一家人后开车将他们送到高速公路的车道尽头是为了“等待”急救人员的到来。故选C项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：家人被帕斯博格所表现出的勇气和无私所感动。A. loyalty忠诚；B. courage勇气；C. generosity慷慨；D. humbleness谦逊。由第3题的分析可知，帕斯博格毫不犹豫地进入火海去救他人，看得出他很勇敢和无私。故选B项。【

14、10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位英雄愿意冒着生命危险拯救这个家庭，这对这个年轻的母亲和她的孩子来说是生死攸关的大事。A. risk冒险；B. sustain维持，支撑；C. adjust调整；D. save挽救。由上一题的分析可知，帕斯博格勇敢地进入火海救人，这是冒着生命危险的。故选A项。二、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dim sum is one of

15、the most popular Chinese dishes. It _11_ (originate) in Guangzhou city more than a thousand years ago. People of Guangdong are fond of drinking tea in the morning or lunch. So, they often eat dim sum during their tea parties for breakfast and lunch. A Cantonese chefs goal is _12_ (preserve) the food

16、s original flavor. Unlike other Chinese styles of cooking such as Sichuan style, where the cook buries the food in a lot of spices and oil, a Cantonese chef aims to bring out or highlight the original flavor of the vegetable, meat, or fruit. So little spice or sugar is used _13_ (general).【答案】11. or

17、iginated 12. to preserve 13. generally【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了点心的起源和制作过程。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：它起源于一千多年前的广州城。根据时间状语“more than a thousand years ago”可知，句子的谓语动词使用一般过去时。故填originated。【12题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：粤菜厨师的目标是保持食物的原汁原味。此处为动词不定式作表语，说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。故填to preserve。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：通常使用很少的香料或糖。使用副词作状语修饰谓语“is used”。故填gen

18、erally。B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Kate Elkins is one of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and 911 _14_ (specialist). As an active paramedic, Elkins also responds to 911 calls and serves in an urban search and rescue team. First-hand experience has shown her _15_ important having a well-stoc

19、ked and maintained first-aid kit can be. There are certain things you need to have at hand in the moment. In a crisis, youre not going to have time to go to the store to get _16_ you need, Elkins points out.【答案】14. specialists 15. how 16. whatever【解析】【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章简介了紧急医疗服务和911专家之一凯特埃尔金斯，以及她的经验之谈。

20、【14题详解】考查名词复数。句意：凯特埃尔金斯是紧急医疗服务和911专家之一。 根据one of后接名词复数，the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and 911为该名词的前置定语，设空处应填复数specialists，意为“专家们”。故填specialists。【15题详解】考查感叹句。句意：第一手的经验告诉她，拥有一个储备充足、维护良好的急救箱是多么重要。此处考查感叹句，因设空处后为形容词important，应用how引导感叹句。故填how。【16题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在危机中，你不会有时间去商店买你需要的任何东西。设空处在动词get后，引导宾语从

21、句，并在从句中作宾语，此处应用whatever，意为“任何的事物”，表强调。故填whatever。C阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Studies have shown video gamers often have high levels of dopamine (多巴胺) in the brain. The prospect of _17_(gain) rewards and prizes can cause gamers to become excited, _18_ causes the production of unnecessary dopamin

22、e. Just as an addiction to alcohol will cause people _19_ (consume) more alcohol, players can get addicted to gaming. Gaming can certainly be fun and _20_ (relax) but excessive gaming can lead to adolescents with nearsightedness and have a negative effect on the social lives of children.【答案】17. gain

23、ing 18. which 19. to comsune 20. relaxing 【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍电子游戏玩家的大脑中多巴胺含量往往很高，过度游戏会对儿童的社会生活产生负面影响。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：获得奖励和奖品的前景可能会使玩家变得兴奋，从而产生不必要的多巴胺。分析句子可知，介词 of 后应接动名词作宾语。故填gaining。【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意：获得奖励和奖品的前景可能会使玩家变得兴奋，从而产生不必要的多巴胺。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指代前面整个主句内容。故填which。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词

24、。句意：正如对酒精上瘾会导致人们喝更多的酒一样，玩家也会对游戏上瘾。分析句子可知，这里考查cause sb to do sth表“使某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to comsune。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：游戏当然是有趣和放松的，但过度的游戏会导致青少年近视，并对儿童的社会生活产生负面影响。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词和前面 fun并列作表语，修饰Gaming应用relaxing，表“令人放松的”。故填relaxing。三、阅读理解（共三节，40分）第一节（共9小题；每小题2分，共18分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWel

25、come to our full-day sightseeing tour in the Rocky Mountains, which boast some of Canadas most spectacular scenery. During the tour, you can enjoy round-trip travel from Banff and reach remote attraction including Lake Minnewanka and Lake Louise in comfort, stop at picturesque spots including falls

26、and lakes, and enjoy personal attention from your guide on this small-group tour-limited to 15 people.Whats IncludedDriver/tour guidePickup and drop-offBottled waterFoodTips are not required.Departure Time9:00 AM Pickup TimePlease arrive 10 minutes before your selected start time for pickup.Please N

27、oteWe pick up at all Town of Banff-hotels, hostels and even campgrounds! If travelling from outside Banff, please confirm pickup location with the tour operator. Please note we do not pick up in Lake Louise.What to Expect Lake MinnewankaThis is the largest lake in the park and actually used to be ho

28、me to a small summer village. Today the village lies beneath the pure blue waters of Lake Minnewanka. This stop provides some interesting history of how things have changed in Banff National Park over the years.2 hoursTicket Free Lake LouiseFirst opened in 1911, the world famous Lake Louise has been

29、 bringing guests to experience the clear blue waters for many years. This stop will offer the opportunity to explore the historic hotel.3 hoursTicket IncludedCancellation Policy For a full refund, you must cancel at least 24 hours before the experiences start time. Any changes made less than 24 hour

30、s before the experiences start time will not be accepted. This experience requires good weather. If its canceled in advance due to poor weather, youll be offered a different date or get the fee youve paid. This experience requires a minimum number of travelers. If its canceled youll be offered a dif

31、ferent date or a full refund.Read more about the tour at 21. To enjoy this full day tour, you need to _.A. take food by yourselfB. prepare tips for the guideC. arrive at 9:00 am for pickupD. wait for pickup in Lake Louise22. What will you experience in this tour?A. Pay a visit to the summer village.

32、B. Learn the history of Banff National Park.C. Live in the historic hotel by Lake Louise.D. Swim in pure blue waters of Lake Minnewanka.23. One can get full refund if_.A. the tour is arranged to another dayB. he/she changes the route before the tourC. the travelers fail to reach a certain numberD. h

33、e/she experiences bad weather during the trip【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了落基山脉的全日观光游并提供了详细的旅游指南信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Departure Time (离开时间)部分的“9:00 AM”（上午九点）可知，要享受这个全日游，游客需要上午 9点钟到达接送点。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Lake Minnewanka部分的“This stop provides some interesting history of how things have cha

34、nged in Banff National Park over the years.”（这里提供了这些年来有关于班夫国家公园变化的有趣历史。）可知，在这次旅行中你可以了解班夫国家公园的历史。故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Cancellation Policy部分的“This experience requires a minimum number of travelers. If its canceled youll be offered a different date or a full refund.”（这种体验需要旅行者达到最低人数标准。如果它被取消了，你可以改日继续体验或

35、得到全额退款。）可知，旅行者未能达到一定数量，可得到全额退款。故选C项。BIf you need an inspiring talk from a kindergartner, theres a hotline for that. This free hotline is called Joy4all Hotline. If you call the phone number, youll hear recordings of kids sharing words of encouragement.The Joy4all Hotline is a school project created

36、at an elementary school in California. Its run by an art teacher Maggie Clancy. Clancy started the hotline because she was concerned about the stressful things that her students had gone through. She aims to bring some joy back into the lives of her students, who range in age from 5 to 12.To create

37、the hotline, Clancy recorded her students. She instructed the kids to say something that had helped them during a difficult time. The hotline project also included the creation of posters. These posters displayed motivational phrases and were placed around town. The idea is to spread joy in the comm

38、unity.When callers dial 707-968-8510, they are greeted by Clancys daughter. The 11-year-old welcomes them with the following menu:“If youre feeling mad, frustrated or nervous, press 1. If you need words of encouragement and life advice, press 2. If you need an inspiring talk from kindergartners, pre

39、ss3. If you need to hear kids laughing with delight, press 4, and for encouragement is Spanish, press 5.”When the project first started, Clancy hoped the hotline would receive 100 calls an hour. But within two days the hotline was getting over 500 calls an hour. Now, it is people with conquering anx

40、iety and give people hope that will be good stuff happening more in the world. The projects success proves how much the world currently needs this kind of positive messaging.“I think people are just looking for ways to feel connected,”Clancy said. “I think this hotline does that in a very pure, swee

41、t way.”24. Why did Clancy start the hotline?A To spread joyful news reports.B. To support home schoolingC To introduce encouraging postersD. To lift her students spirits up25. Through this hotline, callers can_.A. get Clancys life adviceB. talk with Clancys daughterC. listen to the sound of kids lau

42、ghterD. hear the recordings of inspiring songs26. What can we learn about Joy4all Hotline?A. It enjoys an increasing popularity.B. It arouses peoples concern for kidsC. It proves the importance of happiness.D. It changes peoples opinions on hotlines.【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了加利福尼亚

43、一所小学的艺术老师克兰西开通了热线电话来帮助学生减压，现在它越来越受到人们的欢迎。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“ Clancy started the hotline because she was concerned about the stressful things that her students had gone through. She aims to bring some joy back into the lives of her students, who range in age from 5 to 12.（克兰西开通热线电话是因为她担心她的学生经历的那些带来很

44、大压力的事情。她的目标是为 5 至 12 岁的学生的生活带来一些快乐。）”可知，克兰西开通热线电话是为了给学生减压，使他们面对困难时能够振奋自己的精神状态。故选D项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“If you need to hear kids laughing with delight, press 4.（如果你需要听到孩子们开心的笑声，请按4。）”可知，通过该热线，来电者可以聆听孩子们的笑声。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“When the project first started, Clancy hoped the hotline would rec

45、eive 100 calls an hour. But within two days the hotline was getting over 500 calls an hour. （项目刚开始时，克兰西希望热线每小时能接到 100 个电话。但在两天内，这条热线每小时接到超过 500 个电话。）”可知，该热线越来越受人欢迎。故选A项。CToward the end of my senior year in England, I watched my peers line up in front of the Career Services building. Waiting for thei

46、r interviews for jobs, all seemed to be dressed the same the men wearing navy jackets, the women dark dresses. I thought back to my first day on campus four years earlier when we all wore different colors and dreamed of different futures. It was as if our years of study, instead of enhancing our ind

47、ividualities and imaginations, had reduced them to sameness.It was not a unique scene. All over the world, education supplies the economy with workers who will increase productivity. But this now threatens our very survival. If the entire world reaches the levels of consumption seen in high-income c

48、ountries today, well need multiple planet Earths to supply the resources.The sustainable development goals call for turning education into a force for sustainability, but the opposite is often true: the ways we think about education undermine our ability to deal with the environmental crisis. As an

49、education researcher, I see many children going through rote learning Indian pupils repeating the sentences written by their teacher on the blackboard, a South African child yelled at by the teacher for failing to recite the text. Rote learning and discouraging individuality in children are still at

50、 the root of what it means to be educated across much of the world.On the other hand, our focus on technological solutions to the environmental crisis is driving our approach to education. More students at British universities are studying science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) than

51、 ever before, including a 400 percent increase in enrollment in AI courses over the last 10 years. Compared to STEM, social sciences and humanities are often underfunded and seen as less important. But this approach is counterproductive because non-STEM subjects are crucial to develop our ability to

52、 reimagine the world.We even put our hope in solving the environmental crisis on AI. We make good use of energy networks, track land use through satellite imagery and predict extreme weather. But AI, like our other technologies, can only treat the symptoms (症状) of the environmental crisis, not the c

53、auses. These lie in lack of sensitivity to our impact on the planet.Unlike AI, children are naturally imaginative. Nurturing imagination means seeing inspiration in childrens imaginations. In an education system that celebrates imagination, arts and creativity are as important as math and science. T

54、he environmental crisis is not a crisis of technology or science, it is a crisis of imagination. If we let children be our guides, we might just be able to imagine our way to survival.27. What is mainly talked about in the first three paragraphs?A. The new resolution of survival problems.B. The nega

55、tive effect of present education.C. The adverse impact of over consumption.D. The constant threat to economic productivity.28. What does the underlined word “undermine” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Change.B. Resist.C. Recall.D. Weaken.29. The author may agree that _.A. the application of AI needs

56、 to be limitedB. emphasis should be laid on social sciencesC. creativity is dominated by childrens sciencesD. technology is the cure for the environmental crisis【答案】27. B 28. D 29. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了当前教育削弱了学生的想象力和创造力以及对于社会科学和人文学科的不重视所带来的负面影响，进而提出要重视培养学生的想象力和创造力。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“It was as if

57、 our years of study, instead of enhancing our individualities and imaginations, had reduced them to sameness.”（就好像我们多年的学习并没有增强我们的个性和想象力，而是将它们简化为一模一样。）和第二段的“All over the world, education supplies the economy with workers who will increase productivity. But this now threatens our very survival.”（在世界各地

58、，教育为经济提供了可以提高生产力的工人。但这现在威胁到我们的生存。）以及第三段的“The sustainable development goals call for turning education into a force for sustainability, but the opposite is often true: the ways we think about education undermine our ability to deal with the environmental crisis.”（可持续发展目标要求将教育转变为可持续发展的力量，但事实往往恰恰相反：我们对

59、教育的看法削弱了我们应对环境危机的能力。）可知，前三段讲了当前教育削弱了学生的想象力、威胁到了人类的生存和削弱了人类应对环境危机的能力，即前三段主要讲述了当前教育带来的负面影响。故选B项。【28题详解】词句猜测题。由上一题的分析可知，教育虽然为提高生产力起到了积极的作用，但是却威胁到了人们的生存，因此才会有可持续发展目标的提出。再根据第三段的“The sustainable development goals call for turning education into a force for sustainability, but the opposite is often true: t

60、he ways we think about education undermine our ability to deal with the environmental crisis.”（可持续发展目标要求将教育转变为可持续发展的力量，但事实往往恰恰相反：我们对教育的看法undermine我们应对环境危机的能力。）可知，现实是教育没能为可持续发展提供力量，却是相反的作用，即教育削弱了人类应对环境危机的能力，因此weaken可以解释划线词。故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Unlike AI, children are naturally imaginative. Nurtu

61、ring imagination means seeing inspiration in childrens imaginations. In an education system that celebrates imagination, arts and creativity are as important as math and science. The environmental crisis is not a crisis of technology or science, it is a crisis of imagination. If we let children be o

62、ur guides, we might just be able to imagine our way to survival.”（与人工智能不同，孩子们天生具有想象力。培养想象力意味着从孩子的想象力中看到灵感。在一个崇尚想象力的教育体系中，艺术和创造力与数学和科学一样重要。环境危机不是技术或科学的危机，而是想象力的危机。如果我们让孩子成为我们的向导，我们也许可以想象到我们的生存之道。）可知，作者赞同创造力源于儿童，儿童的创造力也许会带来解决危机的办法，即创造力被儿童科学所主导。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项

63、中有两项为多余选项。People connect to their cultural or ethnic group through similar food patterns. People from different cultural backgrounds eat different foods. _30_ These food preferences result in patterns of food choices within a cultural or regional group.Regional food habits do exist, but they also ch

64、ange over time. _31_ They may use their old recipes with new ingredients, or experiment with new recipes to match their own tastes. Because people and food are mobile, attempts to characterize a country or people by what they eat are often inaccurate.In addition to impacting food choices, culture al

65、so plays a role in food-related etiquette (礼节). For example, the amount people eat and leave uneaten varies from culture to culture. Some people from Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian countries might leave a little bit of food on their plates in order to indicate that their hunger has been satisfie

66、d. _32_ Similarly, a clean plate might signify either satisfaction with the meal or desire for more food._33_ Many families believe that mealtime is a good time to communicate and to “catch up” on the lives of family and friends. Among other families, talking during a meal is acceptable, but the top

67、ics are limited. In some Southeast Asian countries, it is considered polite to keep silent during a meal.Even among people who share similar cultural backgrounds, eating patterns are not identical. Further, men eat differently from women. _34_ However, in most parts of the world, food is associated

68、with expression of friendship. Therefore, sensitivity to food customs is important in cross-cultural communication.A. People of different age groups eat differently.B. As people immigrate; food preferences are exported.C. Food items themselves have meaning attached to them.D. The areas in which fami

69、lies live influence food likes and dislikes.E. One of the reasons is that food itself is brought to other countries.F. Besides, the role of conversation during mealtime varies from place to place.G. However, cooks from other locations might be displeased if food is left on the plate.【答案】30. D 31. B

70、32. G 33. F 34. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在不同的文化中饮食模式不同的原因。【30题详解】根据“People from different cultural backgrounds eat different foods. (不同文化背景的人吃不同的食物)”以及“These food preferences result in patterns of food choices within a cultural or regional group.(这些食物偏好导致了文化或区域群体内的食物选择模式)”可知，不同文化背景的人吃不同的食物，而家庭所居住的局域也

71、会对食物的偏好有所影响。由此可知，D项“家庭居住的地区影响食物的好恶”符合语境，和前一句话共同解释了造成饮食偏好的原因。故选D。【31题详解】根据“They may use their old recipes with new ingredients, or experiment with new recipes to match their own tastes. Because people and food are mobile, attempts to characterize a country or people by what they eat are often inaccur

72、ate.(他们可能会用他们的老食谱搭配新的配料，或者尝试新的食谱来满足自己的口味。因为人和食物是流动的，所以试图通过吃什么来描述一个国家或一个人往往是不准确的)”可知，因为人口和食物都是流动的，所以人们吃的食物也会因为人口和食物的流动而改变。由此可知，B项“随着人们的移民，食物偏好被输出”符合语境。B项中的 immigrate和下文中“people and food are mobile”相呼应。故选B。【32题详解】根据“In addition to impacting food choices, culture also plays a role in food-related etiqu

73、ette (礼节).( 除了影响食物选择外，文化也在与食物相关的礼仪中发挥作用)”以及“Some people from Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian countries might leave a little bit of food on their plates in order to indicate that their hunger has been satisfied.( 一些来自中东和东南亚国家的人可能会在盘子里留下一点食物，以表明他们的饥饿得到了满足)”可知，文化的不同也在与食物相关的礼仪中发挥作用，而且文中举了几个不同的饮食习俗。由此

74、可知，G项“然而，如果食物留在盘子里，其他地方的厨师可能会不高兴”符合语境。G项中的however和前文形成转折关系，而且也是在举例说明不同的饮食习俗。故选G。【33题详解】根据“Many families believe that mealtime is a good time to communicate and to “catch up” on the lives of family and friends. (许多家庭认为，进餐时间是沟通和“赶上”家人和朋友生活的好时机)”可知，本段主要讲述进餐时间是和家人沟通的好时机。由此可知，F项“此外，在进餐时间交谈的作用因地而异”符合语境。F项

75、中的conversation和下文中的communicate相呼应。故选F。【34题详解】根据“Even among people who share similar cultural backgrounds, eating patterns are not identical. Further, men eat differently from women.( 即使在文化背景相似的人群中，饮食模式也不尽相同。此外，男性的饮食与女性不同)”可知，本段主要讲述即使在文化相同的人群中，饮食习惯也会不同。由此可知，A项“不同年龄段的人吃得不同”符合语境。和前一句话共同构成了“即使在文化相同的人群中，

76、饮食习惯也会不同”的两个方面。故选A。阅读下面短文并回答问题。请将答案书写在答题卡相应位置。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Do you think youre a good listener? Chances are you do. But studies show that most people seriously overestimate their ability to listen. The truth is we are generally not good at listening, and our listening comprehension declines as w

77、e age.Why arent we good at listening? One reason concerns the speed at which we think. The adult brain can process up to around 400 words per minute. This means during a conversation an average person thinks more than three times faster than he speaks. Therefore, we can easily think about something

78、else while someone is talking to us, allowing our mind to wander or get sidetracked. Thinking about how you will reply while someone is still talking is one of the most common barriers to effective listening.Another factor that contributes to our poor listening is our ever-decreasing attention span

79、(持续时间). According to study conducted by Microsoft, in 2000around the time the mobile revolution beganthe average human attention span was 12 seconds; by 2013, it had fallen to 8 seconds! Our mobile devices provide constant distractions, which can be very destructive to listening. Test results have s

80、hown that being interrupted by a cell phone lowers listening comprehension by 20 percent.Interruptions and distractions can cause a dramatic decline in listening abilitybut they dont have to. More and more people now realize that listening is a skill that can be developed through practice. Learning

81、to observe a speakers body language and emotions, for example, can improve our active listening. Even the simple act of note-taking or making eye contact can help us stay focused while listening.The rewards of effective listening are many. Research suggests that people who are good listeners make be

82、tter leaders. And a recent study indicates that employees who dont believe their bosses are listening to them are less likely to offer helpful suggestions and new ideas. As Dr. Ralph Nichols once said, “The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood. The best way to un

83、derstand people is to listen to them.”35. According to Paragraph 2, why is it easy for us to get distracted during a conversation?36. What has caused the decrease of our attention span?37. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.The decline of

84、listening ability caused by distractions is sharp, and it is hard to be prevented.38. Please introduce the rewards that effective listening brings to you.【答案】35 Because during a conversation an average person thinks more than three times faster than he speaks and he may think about how to reply. 36

85、Our mobile devices 37. The decline of listening ability caused by distractions is sharp, and it is hard to be prevented. Because More and more people now realize that listening is a skill that can be developed through practice. 38. 参考答案:First of all, good listeners make better leaders.Secondly,liste

86、ning more allows us to understand othersviews, take their strengths and understand their logical thinking. In addition, being a listener is good for us to deal with individual problems and improve our personal qualities!【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述我们通常不擅长倾听，随着年龄的增长，我们的倾听理解能力会下降，并分析我们不擅长倾听的原因。【35题详解】考查细节理解

87、。由文章第二段“One reason concerns the speed at which we think. The adult brain can process up to around 400 words per minute. This means during a conversation an average person thinks more than three times faster than he speaks. Therefore, we can easily think about something else while someone is talking

88、to us, allowing our mind to wander or get sidetracked.(一个原因与我们思考的速度有关。成年人的大脑每分钟可以处理大约400个单词。这意味着在谈话中，一个普通人的思考速度是他说话速度的三倍以上。因此，当有人和我们说话时，我们可以很容易地想到其他事情，让我们的思想四处游荡或偏离方向。)”和“Thinking about how you will reply while someone is still talking is one of the most common barriers to effective listening.(当别人还在

89、说话时思考你会如何回答是有效倾听最常见的障碍之一。)”可知，是因为我们思考的速度比我们说话的速度快很多和思考你会如何回答，导致我们会分心。故答案为Because during a conversation an average person thinks more than three times faster than he speaks and he may think about how to reply.【36题详解】考查细节理解。由文章第三段“According to study conducted by Microsoft, in 2000around the time the m

90、obile revolution beganthe average human attention span was 12 seconds; by 2013, it had fallen to 8 seconds! Our mobile devices provide constant distractions, which can be very destructive to listening. (根据微软的研究，2000年移动革命开始前后，人类的平均注意力跨度为12秒；到2013年，它已经下降到8秒！我们的移动设备会不断分散注意力，这会对听力造成很大破坏。)”可知，我们的移动设备会让我们

91、降低注意力时长。故答案为Our mobile devices.【37题详解】考查推理判断。由文章倒数第二段“Interruptions and distractions can cause a dramatic decline in listening abilitybut they dont have to. More and more people now realize that listening is a skill that can be developed through practice. Learning to observe a speakers body language

92、 and emotions, for example, can improve our active listening. Even the simple act of note-taking or making eye contact can help us stay focused while listening.(干扰和分心可能会导致听力能力急剧下降，但并非必须如此。越来越多的人现在意识到倾听是一种可以通过练习来改善的技能。例如，学习观察说话者的肢体语言和情绪可以提高我们的积极听力。即使是简单的记笔记或眼神交流也能帮助我们在听的时候保持专注。)”可知，听力能力下降是可以防范的，我们可以练

93、习来改善听力技能。因此原句中的“ it is hard to be prevented.”是错误的，故答案为The decline of listening ability caused by distractions is sharp, and it is hard to be prevented.Because More and more people now realize that listening is a skill that can be developed through practice.【38题详解】开放题。根据最后一段“The rewards of effective

94、listening are many. Research suggests that people who are good listeners make better leaders. (有效倾听的回报是多方面的。研究表明，善于倾听的人会成为更好的领导者。)”,同时开放性题目考生言之有理即可。参考答案为：First of all, good listeners make better leaders.Secondly,listening more allows us to understand othersviews, take their strengths and understand

95、their logical thinking. In addition, being a listener is good for us to deal with individual problems and improve our personal qualities!四、翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）请使用括号中所给的单词或词组的适当形式将下面的句子翻译成英文，并将答案书写在答题卡相应的位置。39. 此活动的目的是表达友善。（convey）(汉译英)【答案】The purpose of this activity is to convey friendliness.【解析】【

96、详解】考查动词。此活动的目的可以翻译为“the purpose of this activity”，在句中作主语；表达用动词“convey”，友善用名词“friendliness”。本句话为主系表结构，时态为一般现在时态，动词不定式作表语，表示目的。故翻译为The purpose of this activity is to convey friendliness.40. 有必要下定决心去实现你的梦想。（make up ones mind）(汉译英)【答案】It is necessary to make up your mind to realize your dream.【解析】【详解】考查

97、短语、时态和非谓语动词。it is necessary to do sth.做某事是有必要的，句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。make up ones mind to do sth.下定决心做某事；realize ones dream实现某人的梦想。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为It is necessary to make up your mind to realize your dream.41. 不管有任何困难，我们都要完成这项任务。（regardless of）(汉译英)【答案】Regardless of any difficulty, we must comp

98、lete the task.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语和情态动词。“不管”使用固定短语regardless of，“任何”使用any，“困难”使用名词difficulty，“都要”使用情态动词must，后接动词原形，“完成”使用动词complete，“任务”使用名词task，故翻译为：Regardless of any difficulty, we must complete the task.。42. 看到有人窒息，Kathy保持冷静并迅速作出了反应。（choke）(汉译英)【答案】Seeing someone choking, Kathy remained calm and respon

99、ded quickly.【解析】【详解】考查现在分词作状语、系表结构和一般过去时。“看到有人在做某事”可以使用“see someone doing”的结构，则“看到有人窒息”翻译为：see someone choking，将该部分作为状语来使用，句子主语Kathy与see之间为主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语；“保持冷静”使用系表结构可以翻译为：remain calm；“迅速作出了反应”翻译为 respond quickly；该句子描述的事情发生在过去，句子的谓语动词remain和respond使用一般过去时。故“看到有人窒息，Kathy保持冷静并迅速作出了反应。”翻译为：Seeing som

100、eone choking, Kathy remained calm and responded quickly.43. Tom跟我说他代表学校做了一个关于全球气候变暖的演讲。（on behalf of）(汉译英)【答案】Tom told me that he had made a speech on global warming on behalf of the school.【解析】【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。根据句意可知，本句话应用一般过去时，表示“Tom跟我说”应用短语Tom told me that+宾语从句，宾语从句结构完整，不缺任何意义，用that引导；“做演讲（make a sp

101、eech）”发生在“告诉”之前，用过去完成时，表示“他做了一个关于全球气候变暖的演讲”应用句子 he had made a speech on global warming，在本句中作宾语从句；表示“代表学校”应用介词短语on behalf of the school。故翻译为Tom told me that he had made a speech on global warming on behalf of the school。五、书面表达（20分）44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的美国笔友Jim明年将参加美国大学入学考试，发来邮件说感觉压力大。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.如

102、何缓解压力；2.暑期生活建议。注意：1.词数100字左右；2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,I am sorry to hear that you feel extremely stressed before the American college entrance exam. Id like to give you some suggestions. First, please keep an optimistic attitude. As we know, attitude is everything. Too much

103、pressure will have a bad effect on your health.Besides, the more worried you become, the more difficult it is for you to concentrate on your study. Second, you should also make a proper plan and keep to it. And turn to your teachers for help if necessary. When feeling tired, you can do some sports o

104、r listen to music to relax yourself.I hope my suggestions can help you reduce the pressure of exam and perform well in it.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国笔友Jim回复邮件，给他提供一些建议以应对大学入学考试前的压力。【详解】1.词汇积累建议：suggestiontip/advice此外：besides whats more/ in addition 帮助：help assist 影响：effectinfluence2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Id like to give you some suggestions.拓展句：Id like to give you some suggestions, which may be helpful to you.【点睛】高分句型1 As we know, attitude is everything. （运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句）高分句型2 When feeling tired, you can do some sports or listen to music to relax yourself.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句的省略）