河南省新密一高2012高考英语语法专项讲练——主谓一致 精品课件.ppt

1、语法专项讲练主谓一致语法精讲一、语法一致原则主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。Two students are waiting for you in your office.两名学生在办公室等你。语法精讲二、意义一致原则(一)谓语动词为单数的情况1由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。2“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语。语法精讲Every man

2、 and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。3one/every one/each/either/the numberof复数名词作主语。Each of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。语法精讲4由every，any，some ，no 和 one，thing，body等所构成的不定代词作主语，以及each,another,the other,either,neither等不定代词作主语时。I

3、s everybody here today？今天每个人都在这儿吗？5单个的非谓语动词（doing、to do）、名词性从句作主语。语法精讲Persuading him to join us seems really hard.劝他加入我们看起来确实难。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。Whatever was left was taken away.无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。语法精讲【注意】what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。W

4、hat they need are books.他们需要的是书。6.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、计量体积等意义的复数名词做主语时。Eight hours of sleep is enough.八个小时的睡眠是足够的。Twenty yuan is paid for the meal.这顿饭20元。语法精讲(二)谓语动词用复数的情况1由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黄油都卖完了。2people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。People read for pleasure during

5、their spare time.人们在他们的业余时间以读为乐。语法精讲3一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods，stairs，arms等作主语。The goods are sold out.商品都卖完了。4由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以s结尾的专有名词作主语。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.奥运会每四年举行一次。语法精讲5a number of/quantities of/a group of名词，作主语。A number of other plants were found in America.在美国发现了大量的

6、其他植物。语法精讲(2009年高考福建卷)Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water_.Ahave pollutedBis being pollutedChas been polluted Dhave been polluted考点链接语法精讲【解析】句意：这湖水怎么这么难闻？因为大量的水已经被污染了。本题考查时态、语态及主谓一致问题。water与pollute为被动关系，故排除A项；B表“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名词，谓语动词应与quantities保持数一致，故排

7、除C项。【答案】D语法精讲(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定1集体名词class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group等作主语，强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。The population in China is very large and 80%of the population live in rural areas.中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。语法精讲2单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据其具体含义而定，这类词有：m

8、eans，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep等。Every means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective.每种方法都试过，但没有一个有效。There are various means of communicating with a stranger.同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。语法精讲3.“kind，sort，pair，type of名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。The kind of paper is made of straw.这种纸是由稻草制成的。Some kinds o

9、f animals are dying out.一些种类的动物要灭绝了。4all，none，some，any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。All is going on very well.一切顺利。All are present besides the professor.包括教授在内大家都在。语法精讲5“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数of名词”作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。A lot of students are coming to the meeting.有很多学生要来开

10、会。A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.准备这次会议需要做大量的工作。6.the+adjdone 做主语时，当表示一类人/物时，谓语动词用复数；如果指某一抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。The sick here are very well cared for.病人在这被照顾的很好。The true is to be distinguished from the false.真相和假相被区分开。7.在定语从句中，one of+复数名词+定语从句，从句中谓语动词用复数；the only+单数名词+定语从句，从句中谓语动词

11、用单数；the only one of+复数名词+定语从句，从句中谓语动词用单数。He is one of the students who have handed in homework.He is the only student who has handed in homework.He id the only one of the students who has handed in homework.8.(1)修饰不可数名词a great deal of+不可数n 单数little/a little+不可数n 单数a large amount of+不可数n 单数large amou

12、nts of+不可数n 复数 (2)修饰可数名词的复数形式a number of+复数n 复数few/a few+复数n 复数a great many of+复数n 复数many a+单数n 单数(3)修饰不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式a large collection of+不可数n/复数n 单数/复数a large supply of+不可数n/复数n 单数/复数a large mass of+不可数n/复数n 单数/复数masses of+不可数n/复数n 单数/复数lots/a lot of+不可数n/复数n 单数/复数a large sum of+不可数n/复数n 单数/复数ple

13、nty of+不可数n/复数n 单数/复数a large quantity of+不可数n/复数n 单数/复数large quantities of+不可数n/复数n 复数/复数语法精讲三、就近一致原则1由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，there be,not.but.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。（就近原则）Neither you nor I am fit for the work.你和我都不适合这份工作。Are neither you nor I fit for the work?你和我都不适合这份

14、工作吗？语法精讲【注意】“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than/no less than/in addition to名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。(随前原则)Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss.损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。语法精讲(2009年高考陕西卷)Dr.Smith，together with hi

15、s wife and daughters，_visit Beijing this summer.Ais going to Bare going toCwas going to Dwere going to考点链接语法精讲【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意：Dr.Smith将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。由this summer可知本句应用一般将来时，故排除C、D；together with连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数应取决于其前面的主语。【答案】A语法精讲2由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。Are there three books and one pen on your desk?你的书桌上有三本书和一支钢笔吗？高考体验点击进入