湖北省2014高考英语二轮针对性训练课件：阅读理解 第6讲“戴着面纱”的“事实”型细节理解题.ppt

1、第六讲“戴着面纱”的“事实”型细节理解题所谓细节理解题，是指文章提到了与某个题相关的时间、地点、人物或事件。破解“事实”型细节理解题就像是在揭开一层面纱。抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该类型试题的关键，也是做好其他类型试题的基础。换句话说，该类型试题大部分都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息或者转换了说法的句子。解题中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的事实性材料，其实在一篇文章里，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。(2013湖北卷)Some years ago，writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would retu

2、rn from school and spend the expected half hour recording the days events，feelings，and impressions in my little blue diary.I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words，but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper.Afterall，isnt accumulating

3、memories a way of preserving the past?When I was thirteen years old，I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley，wellequipped with pens，a diary，and a camera.During the trip，I was busy recording every incident，name and place I came across.I felt proud to be spending my time productively，dutiful

4、ly preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels.On my last night there，I wandered out of my tent，diary in hand.The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon，and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows.I automatically took out my pen.At

5、 that point，I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.Now，I only write in my diary when I need to

6、write down a special thought or feeling.I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books，or observations that are particularly meaningful.I take pictures，but not very oftenonly of objects I find really beautiful.Im no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when

7、 I grow old.I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera，busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.I dont want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes.Maybe I wont have as many exact representations of people and places；maybe Il

8、l forget certain facts，but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.Idont live to make memoriesI just live，and the memories form themselves.语篇解读这是一篇富有生活哲理的记叙文。作者小时候喜欢写日记，每天忙着把“现在”记录在本子上。但她13岁时的一次经历使她意识到，我们应该学会享受而不是记录“现在”，“活着不是为了记忆”。1 Before the age of thirteen，the author regarded keepin

9、g a diary as a way of _.Aobserving her school routineBexpressing her satisfactionCimpressing her classmatesDpreserving her history解析：细节理解题。第一段在讲述作者小时候记日记的经历之后说，“把记忆积累起来，这不就是在保存过去吗？”由此可知选D。答案：D2What caused a change in the authors understanding of keeping a diary?AA dull night on the journey.BThe beau

10、ty of the great valley.CA striking quotation from a book.DHer concerns for future generations.解析：细节理解题。第二、三段描述作者13岁的那次经历，当时作者还是热衷于为了将来的回忆而记录“现在”，但晚上她看到山谷的美丽时突然明白，“我写的任何东西都比不上此时让自己好好体验山谷的美丽”，从此作者的态度发生了转变。答案：B3What does the author put in her diary now?ANotes and beautiful pictures.BSpecial thoughts an

11、d feelings.CDetailed accounts of daily activities.DDescriptions of unforgettable events.解析：细节理解题。第四段说，作者现在只把自己特殊的想法或情感写在日记中，即B项所陈述的，而不是“笔记和美丽的图画”“日常活动的详细记载”“对难忘的事情的描述”。答案：B4The author comes to realize that to live a meaningful life is _.Ato experience itBto live the present in the futureCto make mem

12、oriesDto give accurate representations of it解析：推理判断题。最后一段作者说，“也许我会忘了一些事实，但至少，这些经历将一直在我的脑海里”。这就是主人公对生活的感悟：把握现在，感受今天；生活，重在感受而不是为了回忆而记忆。答案：A做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。例如：真题示例第3题，根据第四段“Now，I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.

13、”可知，作者把自己特殊的想法或情感写在日记中，故B项正确。Test 1(2013湖北武汉四月调研)Sarah Outlands weeklong“staycation”gave her a chance to explore her new surroundings after moving to Chicago.A day after moving to the Windy City last year，Outland，started a new job and never got a chance to explore her new surroundings.After nine mon

14、ths as a resident，she finally took a week off work to visit famous landmarks，museums and shopping centers that were right under her nose.If you glance through a newspaper or listen to a news broadcast recently，you may hear or spot a strange word，“staycation”Staycation is a new word the American pres

15、s is employing to describe a vacation very close to your home，or simply staying at home during your vacation.It is a combination of the words“stay”and“vacation”According to many news reports，these staycations are achieving great popularity among American families this year.When asked about the reaso

16、n for their expected staycation，respondents stated“gas prices are too high”(61 percent)，“travel in general is too expensive”(44 percent)The high price of gas for cars and airplanes has made it very expensive for Americans to travel compared to past years.When you combine this with the weak American

17、dollar，it all adds up to people deciding to stay close to home during their traditional summer vacations.For aggressive young Americans who are trying to balance family and work，a staycation can be a great concept.They want to enjoy their homes and the attractions in their area without the stress of

18、 packing or making reservations.They wont be paying high fuel prices either directly，at the pump,or indirectly,in airfare,other than the gas required to drive around town.Absolutely，its friendlier on the environment when locals take trips to attractions in their own area，and not everyone is game for

19、 a vacation that involves staying on a hotel compound.Few people live close enough to a real destination to make this worth their while.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。“居家度假”是当下流行的一种旅游方式，因为旅游成本低，很多人选择到本地的旅游点度假。文章主要介绍了当今在美国有关居家度假的一些情况。1How long after moving to Chicago did Sarah Outland take a staycation?AA day.BA week.

20、CA month.DNine months.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“After nine months as a resident，she finally took a week off work to visit famous landmarks.”可知，D项正确。答案：D2The author develops the second paragraph of the passage by _.Amaking a comparison Bgiving a definitionCoffering an analysis Dproviding an example解析：推理判断

21、题。根据第二段第二句“Staycation is a new word the American press is employing to describe a vacation very close to your home，or simply staying at home during your vacation.”可知，第二段介绍了“居家旅游”的概念。答案：B3Staycations are popular with American people mainly due to_.Ahigh traveling expenses Bstress of packingCrelativel

22、y low income Dlack of real destinations解 析：细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 三 段 第 二 句“.respondents stated gas prices are too high(61 percent)，travel in general is too expensive(44 percent)”可知，A项正确。答案：A4 The underlined part“is game for”(in Para.4)means“_”Ais tolerant of Bis opposed to Cis willing to try Dis expert in

23、解析：词义猜测题。由语境可知，当地人在自己周围的景点旅游无疑对当地的环境有益，而且并非人人都愿意尝试酒店聚会式的度假模式。答案：CTest 2(2013湖北省部分重点中学高三下学期联考)Debate：Can stricter gun control laws decrease the rate of crimes involving guns?Yes，because with fewer weapons，you get fewer crimes.Take a look at the crime rates of countries like the United Kingdom.Their c

24、rime rate is very low，compared to ours here in the United States.Just by simply putting stricter laws in place on who can own them，it will greatly reduce the crimes involving guns.Posted by：5h4yGloryPast PracticeThere was an assault weapon(攻击性武器)ban back in 1994 under Bill Clinton.Shootings and crim

25、e did not go down for the 10 years when this law was in effect.Criminals do not follow rules.The law only affects those who try to obey the law to arm them to protect themselves.Posted by：jb1988Wake up，you Americans!Its hardly surprising that America has one of the highest gun related murder rates o

26、f all countries！And of course guns dont kill people，but the more people own guns，the easier it is to get access to one，the higher the chance of people using it to kill somebody is!In Germany，we have really strict gun laws and only a few people own guns，and obviously we dont need them.Theres no reaso

27、n that a normal citizen would need a gun！Guns are made for one reason only：killing.Posted by：cstephie13More gun control laws，fewer shootingsOn the same day as the Sandy Hook tragedy，a man in China entered a primary school with a knife and injured 22 students on December,14.However，nobody was killed.

28、Compare that to the 26 students and teachers killed at Sandy Hook in Connecticut with a powerful gun.We must learn something from this tragedy.Posted by：Jasonx986Gun violence goes up with more gun controlCriminals will take advantage of the situation.They will do whatever they want and take whatever

29、 they want and kill whoever gets in their way.They will get guns illegally.Crime rates go up as a result of more gun control，because criminals know you dont have one，and they will kill you as they like.Banning guns doesnt make any sense!Posted by：eebnflow语篇解读本文是某网络论坛网民就“更为严格的枪支控制法规能否降低持枪犯罪率”这一话题进行的讨

30、论。5We can infer that jb1988_.Ahas a gunBwas working under Bill ClintonCis in favor of gun control lawsDis against gun control laws解析：考查推理判断。根据第二个帖子的最后一句“The law only affects those who try to obey the law to arm them to protect themselves.”可以判断，jb1988对枪支控制是持反对态度的。答案：D6Which of the following does cste

31、phie13 probably agree with?AThe USA has one of the highest murder rates in the world.BThe more people own guns，the more people will be killed by them.CPeople need guns to protect themselves in time of danger.DGuns are made to protect rather than kill.解析：考查细节理解。根据第三个帖子的第二句中的“but the more people own g

32、uns，the easier it is to get access to one，the higher the chance of people using it to kill somebody is”可以得出，cstephie13认为拥有枪的人越多，被枪杀死的人也会越多。答案：B7What do we know about the Sandy Hook tragedy?A22 students were injured without any deaths.B26 primary students were killed by a knife.CThe tragedy took plac

33、e on December 14 in Connecticut.D22 students and teachers were killed by a powerful gun.解析：考查细节理解。根据第四个帖子的第一句“On the same day as the Sandy Hook tragedy.on December,14.”可知，美国康涅狄格州桑迪胡克小学枪击案发生在12月14日。答案：C8Which of the following thinks that guns should not be controlled?A5h4yGlory Bcstephie13CJasonx986

34、Deebnflow解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一个帖子的最后一句“Banning guns doesnt make any sense！”可知，eebnflow是反对枪支控制的。答案：DTest 3(2013湖北省部分重点中学高三下学期联考)You are never really alone in science，at least not at first.Most academic careers start with a PhD，which involves work closely with a supervisor，or an adviser.Nonetheless its wort

35、h thinking about whether youll join a team of thousands or，on the contrary，work hard for a temporary alliance of two.Join a large team，and you might play a part in something as big as landing a science laboratory on Mars.But youll have to work exceptionally hard to make your contribution familiar to

36、 future employers.Working on your own or with a small group puts you in control and makes it easier for future employers to see your accomplishments.Its slightly more dangeroustheres no one to blame when things go wrongbut its an exciting way to go if you can.When I started my PhD in 2005，my supervi

37、sor set me to work with a small，informal team.I still spend about half my time working with some of the same people on rather different projects.The team brings help in the form of resources and friendly criticism.The field you choose determines whether this mode of working will be suitable.In exper

38、imental particle physics，for instance，its almost essential to work in a big group.Astronomy，the field in which I work，finds itself in an inbetween state：historically，most work was accomplished by individuals or small groups，but that situation is changing.As telescopes become larger and more complex，

39、they require larger groups of engineers and scientists to build them，run them and interpret their results.The Planck surveyor satellite，for instance，lists around 200 authors on its early papers.Individuals or small groups can still work on big things.Everyday I take my own decisions about what Ill d

40、o nextsometimes thats scary，but more often its enormous fun.If youre doing some research，and going“small”is an option，Id recommend it.语篇解读这是一篇说明文，作者就进行科研工作的两种方式大团队和小团队进行了分析，列举了它们各自的优缺点，并给出了自己的建议。9 Nowadays astronomy needs more people because _.Ait is a tradition from the pastBthe aim of astronomy ha

41、s changedCadvanced equipment is usedDmore people are interested in it解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“As telescopes become larger and more complex，they require larger groups of engineers and scientists to build them，run them and interpret their results.”可知，由于现在的天文望远镜更大更复杂，所以需要很多的工程师和科学家。答案：C10Which of the followin

42、g is the advantage of working on your own?A Future employers are more likely to appreciate your work.BYou can work with different people on different projects.CIt is more enjoyable and you can do your research more efficiently.DIts easier for you to obtain accomplishments in a shorter time.解析：考查细节理解

43、。由第三段的第一句可知，小组或个人的工作更能让未来的老板赏识其成就。答案：A11Why do some people prefer to join a large team?ABecause the team can bring them more help.BBecause they have the chance to join a large project.C Because they can get friendly criticism from their colleagues.DBecause their supervisors will share their experience with them.解析：考查细节理解。由第二段的第一句话和后文可知，大团队合作的好处在于参与者能参加比较大型的科研项目。答案：B12Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?AThe importance of cooperationBBe cautious in science!CThe advantage of group workDLarge team or small group?解析：考查主旨大意。本文就进行科研的两种工作方式大团队和小团队的优缺点展开说明，因此最好的标题应该是D。答案：D