备战2015高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍 专题01 名词（解析版） WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家专题一 名词 【高频考点解读】名词是高考每年必考的语法项目。近三年的考查要点主要集中在名词辨析上，特别是抽象名词的辨析。不仅是单项填空，而且完形填空中也大量出现。其他常考的语法点还有：抽象名词具体化；专有名词普通化；与冠词的连用；固定搭配。【热点题型】题型一 考查名词词义辨析例1、Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.Aconsequence BindependenceCcompetence Dintelligenc

2、e【提分秘籍】1.近五年高考常考的名词：accent，account，aspect，attitude，attempt，atmosphere，advantage，average，admission，ambition，anniversary，appointment，anxiety，appetite，conclusion，contrast，challenge，consequence，direction，evidence，emergency，effect，effort，function，insurance，intelligence，identity，impression，occasion，occupa

3、tion，summary，sympathy，standard，sign，ficance，schedule，principle，potential，welfare2. 近五年高考常考的名词短语：a series of，a range of，a variety of，find fault with，make sense，make a difference to【举一反三】Can I help you with it?I appreciate your _，but I can manage it myself.Aadvice Bquestion Coffer Didea【热点题型】题型二 考查抽象名

4、词例2、 I find it very difficult to read _ novel you lent me last week.Yes.Its necessary to have _ good knowledge of history.Athe；/ Ba；/ Cthe；a Da；a解析第一空特指对方上周所借给“我”的小说，故应填定冠词；但考生可能以为第二空后面是抽象名词，为不可数名词，不填冠词，于是错选A。然而，此处knowledge之前应用不定冠词，have a good knowledge of意为“对很了解”，是固定搭配，故正确答案为C。答案C【提分秘籍】英语中，有些抽象名词，如

5、：knowledge，history，failure，success，help，pleasure，surprise，honour等表示抽象概念时，其前面不用不定冠词，如：with pleasure，in surprise等。但是，当表示具体的概念时，其前面应用不定冠词，也可以用其复数形式。【举一反三】 What do you think of the manager of your company?Oh，he is _ manager whos pleasant to work with.Its _ pleasure to work with him.Athe；a Ba；a Ca；the D/

6、；a解析第一空用不定冠词表示类别，意思是“他是那种很好相处的经理”；第二空a pleasure的意思是“一件愉快的事”，这里是抽象名词具体化。故答案为B。答案B【热点题型】题型三 名词的所有格例3、 The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car.Agirls; Toms Bgirls; TomsCgirls; Toms Dgirls; Toms答案：C根据题干后半部分的them可知第一个空应用复数的所有格girls；第二个空用Toms表示“汤姆的”。【

7、提分秘籍】 1以“s”结尾的复数名词所有格只加 “”。如：the teachers readingroom/ten minutes walk2复数为特殊变化的复数名词后加“s”。如：Womens Day/the Childrens Palace3名词并列时，所有格的形式不同，其含义不同。如：Tom and Bobs desk 汤姆和鲍勃的桌子(共有)Toms and Bobs desks 汤姆的桌子和鲍勃的桌子(不共有)4双重所有格。(1)当of短语所修饰的名词前有表示数量的词，如a/two/some/any/no等时，表示所有关系的of后加名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如：a friend o

8、f my brothers/his我弟弟的/他的一个朋友several students of Mr. Smiths/mine史密斯先生的/我的几个学生(2)当of短语所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词表示一定感情色彩时，of后也用名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如：That little son of Xiao Lis/yours is really lovely.小李的/你的那个小儿子真可爱。This invention of the professors/his is of great importance.教授的/他的这项发明很重要。【举一反三】 Pardon？Who will come?_.A

9、The friend of Mr. GreensB. A friend of a teachersCThe aunt of Toms DA cousin of my fathers【热点题型】题型四 固定搭配例4、It is no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.Ause Bhelp Ctime Dway【提分秘籍】做此类题目的时候，看懂句子的意思固然重要，牢记短语在不同语境中的用法也是必不可少的。下面所列的是常考的含有名词的固定搭配：have/gain access to可以获得gain/have an ad

10、vantage over胜过，优于take advantage of利用，趁之机make fun of取笑，嘲弄【举一反三】It is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.Asafety BcompanyChouse Dfriend解析句意：据说当你感到孤独的时候，狗会一直陪伴你。keep sb company意为“陪伴某人”。答案B【高考风向标】1.（2014福建卷）26. Could you tell me the_ of making such tasty c

11、akes? Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook. A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trick2.（2014湖北卷）21. Her _ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivationB. qualificationC. talentD. technique 【答案】A【解析】本题考察的是名词词义辨析。A动机，动力，诱因；B资格；C才能，才干； D技术；技巧；句意：她写作的动力是为了让

12、女性得到更高教育的权利。根据本句后半句a desire for women to get the right to higher education可知叙述的是她为什么要进行写作，也就是她写作的动机。故A正确。3.（2014湖北卷）22. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joans face turned red at the unexpected _.A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution 【答案】C【解析】本题考察名词词

13、义辨析。A命令，指挥；B比较；C恭维，赞美，敬意；贺词；D贡献，捐助，捐赠；敬意：当Richard说：现在的你更令人愉快更漂亮。由于这个没有预料到恭维的Joan的脸变红了。根据引号里的“You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”可知这是Rechard对Joan的赞美。根据 句意说明C正确。4.（2014江苏卷）27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful in last years election.A. symbolB. portraitC.

14、identityD. statue 5.（2014天津卷）3.Wind is now the worlds fastest growing _ of power.A. source B. sense C. result D. root 6.（2014浙江卷 ）6. We most prefer to say yes to the _ of someone we know and like. A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises【答案】B【解析】名词attempt尝试；企图；request请求；doubt怀疑；promise诺言；我们更喜欢同

15、意那些我们了解和喜欢的人的请求。根据句意说明B项request与上下文语境相符。故B正确。7(2013湖北，21)Poetry written from the_of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.Aperspective Bpriority Cparticipation Dprivilege8(2013湖北，22)Carbon dioxide, which makes a_between us and the sun, prevents heat from get

16、ting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.Adifference Bcomparison Cconnection Dbarrier9(2013江苏，33)With inspiration from other food cultures，American food culture can take a_for the better.Ashare Bchance Cturn Dlead10(2013江西，22)Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher pointed the

17、m out with _.Acuriosity BsatisfactionCenvy Dpatience11(2013辽宁，23)The accident caused some_to my car，but its nothing serious.Aharm Binjury Cruin Ddamage12(2013天津，7)While she was in Paris，she developed a _for fine art.Away Brelation Ctaste Dhabit13(2013浙江，4)As the worlds population continues to grow，t

18、he _ of food becomes more and more of a concern.Aworth Bsupply Cpackage Dlist【随堂巩固】 1I really admire the people full of _.Im always tired.Youd better take more exercise.Apower Bstrength Cforce Denergy答案D2 The TV series of Gong became popular and the theme song Love the feed sung by Yang Mi was a _ a

19、t once and loved by young people.Ashock Bstrike Chit Dbeat3 In a natural disaster，minutes and even seconds of warning can make the _ between life and death.Adivision Bdifference Cseparation Dsense4 Two of my friends are having their weddings on the same day，and Im in a real _ about which one to go t

20、o.Asituation Bchoice Ctrick Ddilemma5 If you dont work hard，it will be of no _ for others to help you.Asympathy BsignificanceCrelation Dsign6I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an _ of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home.Aattitude BimpressionCappreciation Dexp

21、ression7_ material used for running tracks in schools across China may be _ danger to childrens health.A/；a BThe；a C/；the DThe；the8Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons，please?Sorry，we dont have _ Johnson here in the village.Athe；the Bthe；a C/；the Dthe；/9Nowadays，few people form the habit of keepi

22、ng a supply of candles in the house in case of power _.Adrop Black Cabsence Dfailure10Kelly gave me a vivid _ of her trip to Mount Tai after her return.Aexplanation Baccount Cimagination Didea11We should look up to him as a shining example of _ to duty.Adevotion Bprivilege Cresponsibility Dburden12T

23、he two parties held the talk in a friendly _ and reached an agreement.Aatmosphere BstateCsituation Dphenomenon13What do you think of the project put forward by the Blacks?Considering its real _，it will be well worth putting into practice，I suppose.Areward Bprize Ccost Dvalue14As is wellknown，the bra

24、in performs a very important _，which controls the nerve system of the body.Amotion BactionCfunction Dfact15Whatever he does，once he sets up a goal，he will start pursuing it without _.Ahesitation BsuggestionCdiscussion Ddecision15 Both sides are determined to get what they want, and there seems to be

25、 no possibility of _.AcompetenceBcompositionCcompetition Dcompromise16 This online game has been intended to improve childrens _.Aintelligence BreputationCresponsibility Dimpression17 Mo Yan, a most widelyread writer, takes a complete new _ to describing Chinas rural and folk culture.Away BapproachC

26、passage Dentry18Finding information in todays world is easy. The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.Aknowledge BabilityCcompetition Dchallenge19The police managed to gain _ through an upstairs window.Aapproach BwayCaccess Dpassage|科|网 20 In his absence, I would like to

27、 thank all concerned on my brothers _.Abehalf BpartCbusiness Dinterest21It was a difficult job for him. He had tried everything but it made little _.Ause BgoodCdifference Dresult22 The patients family has expressed their _ to the press in letters for the money raised.Apurpose BapologiesCgratitude Ds

28、ympathy23The boss showed his_ of Toms hard work in the company by raising his pay to $ 5,000 a month.Adistinction BpromotionCappreciation Dreservation24Much to our surprise, the witnesss _ of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects.Aaccount BopinionCinstruction Dexplanation- 11 - 版权所有高考资源网