2021届高考英语一轮复习 基础语法精讲及真题练习 专题12 状语从句（含解析）.docx

1、高考分析专题12 状语从句状语从句是每年必考的语法项目，主要考查连词的正确使用。其中，对时间状语、条件状语、让步状语从句和结果状语从句的考察哦最为频繁。以往，重点考查的连词有：when,before, unless,so/as long as,however,sothat等。一、 状语从句概览二、 语法详解在复合句中作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。1. 时间状语从句1when, while和as引导的时间状语从句连词含义用法when当时候可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生while当时候只可与延续性

2、动词连用；侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比as一边一边；随着常与延续性动词连用；从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生1. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wines went up.2. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images.3. As he grew older, he became less active. 特别注意如果主句表示的是非延续性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态

3、表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，则when, while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend.2表示“一就”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句(1)有的名词(短语)或副词可引导时间状语从句，如：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等，另外as soon as也可引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。For example, the mom

4、ent you get on the airplane, start adjusting your biological clock to the destinations time. The boy ran off the minute he saw the owner of the orchard. (2)在hardly/scarcely . when和no sooner . than .结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。1. I had hardly told him the news when he stopped listening.2. He ha

5、d no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. 特别注意在hardly/scarcely . when, no sooner . than .结构中，当hardly, scarcely或no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。3.They had hardly reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London.Hardly had they reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to

6、return to London.3till, until和not . until/till的用法until, till两者均表示“直到为止”，引导时间状语从句。肯定句中，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词，表示某动作一直延续到某时间为止。not . until ., not . till .两者均表示“直到才”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词，表示某动作直到某时间才开始。until可用于句首，而till不可放在句首，till一般不用于强调句型。1. The father waited until his daughter had finished her homework.2. T

7、he baby didnt go to bed until/till his mother returned.4after, before引导的时间状语从句after表示“在之后”，before表示“在之前；还没来得及就”。He changed his name after he left his hometown.Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood diseases. 特别注意(1)“It will be/was时间段before从句”表示“在之前还

8、要多久/过了多久才”。It will be half a year before I graduate.(2)“It wont be/wasnt时间段before从句”表示“过不了多久就/没过多久就”。It wasnt long before we started.。5since引导的时间状语从句since意为“自从以来”，从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词一般是延续性动词。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。此外，since常用于以下句型：“It is/has been时间段since从句(常用一般过去时)”句型的含义取决于从句的谓语动词是否

9、为延续性动词。若从句谓语动词为非延续性动词，则表示从该动作开始一直延续到现在多久；若从句谓语动词为延续性动词，则表示从该动作结束到现在多久。They have been friends since they met for the first time in London.自从在伦敦第一次见面以来，他们一直是朋友。It is three years since the war ended.战争已经结束三年了。It is three years since he lived here.他不在这里住已经有三年了。6其他常见名词短语引导的时间状语从句every time 每次each time 每次

10、any time 任何时候 next time 下次all the time (在某段时间内)一直the first/last time 第一次/最后一次the day/year . 那天/年Every time I meet her I always forget her name.The first time I met her, I thought her nice and honest.(二)条件状语从句1引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词(短语)有：if, unless, as/so long as, in case (万一), once, on condition that, prov

11、ided/providing (that), supposing/suppose (that), assuming that (假设)等。Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.My parents dont mind what job I do as long as I am happy.2only if和if only的区别only if意为“只有”，置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装

12、。if only意为“但愿；要是就好了”，引导的从句要用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，从句用一般过去时；与过去的情况相反时，从句用过去完成时；与将来的情况相反时，谓语用“would/could动词原形”。Only if he studies harder can he catch up with others.他只有更加努力学习才能赶上其他人。If only it would stop raining！但愿雨会停！(三)让步状语从句1although, though, as与while引导的让步状语从句(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序； though引导让步状语从句时，

13、可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。Although/Though he may be troubled, he always presents a calm smiling face.Child as/though he was, he helped me a lot.Try as/though he might, he could not open the door. (2)although与though都可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用

14、。Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. (3)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.2even if与even though引导的让步状语从句even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。Ill do it, even if it takes me all the

15、afternoon.Even if I were in your place, I wouldnt take the job.3“no matter疑问词”与“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句(1)“no matter疑问词”相当于“疑问词ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。Dont trust him, no matter what/whatever he says. (2)whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter疑问词”不可以。4whether . or (not) .引导的让步状语从句Whether .

16、 or .表示“不论还是”，提供两种对比情况。Well go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.(四)地点状语从句地点状语从句可用where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等引导。地点状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay where you are and wait for help.Wherever she goes, there are crowds of p

17、eople waiting to see her. 特别注意where既可引导定语从句，也可引导状语从句。引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，where可替换成“介词which”；而状语从句前则无先行词。Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定语从句)Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. (状语从句)(五)原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because因为as由于since既然now that既然 s

18、eeing that由于；鉴于in that由于；因为 considering (that)考虑到；鉴于(1)because用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。(2)since, now that表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。(3)as引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中(注意比较：for连接的是并列句)。I dont get lonely now because I make the effort to see people.As it is fine, we shall go out for a walk. 知识拓展when也

19、可表示“既然”，引导原因状语从句。How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television？(六)目的状语从句(1)in order that与so that引导的目的状语两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，其引导的状语从句中谓语应用“could/should/might/would动词原形”。in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。Speak louder so that/in order that

20、the people in the hall can all hear you. In order that we might get there on time, we should set out early.特别注意当主从句的主语一致时，so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。We got up early so that we could arrive in time.We got up early so as to arrive in time.Betty saved money in order that she could b

21、uy a portable computer.Betty saved money in order to buy a portable computer. (2)for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句for fear that表示“唯恐；生怕”；in case表示“以免，以防”。Leave your key with your neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day.（七）结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that以至于 so . that .如此以至于such . that .如此以至于so . tha

22、t .与such . that .引导结果状语从句的结构形式为：He is so experienced a worker that we all believe him.He is such an experienced worker that we all believe him.他是一位很有经验的工人，我们都信任他。特别注意(1)在so . that .和such . that .结构中，当“soadj./adv.”或“suchn.”置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。So fast did he run that I couldnt catch him.他跑得那么快，我抓不住他。(2)除结果状

23、语从句外，too . to ., . enough to ., so . as to ., such . as to .等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。He got up too late to catch the first train.He didnt get up early enough to catch the first train.He got up so late as to miss the first train.他起床太晚了以至于没赶上第一班火车。(八)方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as if或as though引导的从句与事实相反时，通常用虚拟语气：与现在事实

24、相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语用“had过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语用“would/could/might动词原形”。从句内容与事实相符或可能成为事实时，则用陈述句语气。They treat her as though she were their daughter.他们待她如亲生女儿一样。Look at the clouds! It looks as if it is going to rain.看那些云！看起来好像要下雨了。（九）比较状语从句比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用as . as, not as/so . as, 比较级than引导。He is taller

25、 than any other student in our school.他比我们学校的其他任何一个学生都高。知识拓展what引导的比较状语从句的句式：A is to B what C is to D“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。.单句语法填空1(2018北京高考改编)_ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.2(2016全国卷)Over time, _ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pi

26、eces so it would cook more quickly. 3(2016四川高考)The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does._ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.4(2014辽宁高考)Unbelievable! Oh .，_ you dont mind, Ill stop and take a deep breath.5(2018天津高考改编)Lets not pick th

27、ese peaches until this weekend so _ they get sweet enough to be eaten.6(2017北京高考改编)_ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.7And he speaks so slowly and strangely_ _it takes patience to understand what he is saying.8Not we succeed in letting wildlife live

28、in peace can we smile in relief.9In addition, some sharp remarks, they are eyecatching, may have misleading effects on the youth.10Interesting it may seem, I dont like it. 11This is the first time I have seen the moonlight I came here. 12I believe this sports meeting will remain a precious memory fo

29、r all of us time goes by.13If the guests are seated at the table, the hosts may serve the food, or it may be passed so _ each person may help himself.14Air pollution is getting more and more serious, so we must take action it is too late.单句改错1(2018全国卷)The games my parents taught me where I was a chi

30、ld turned out to be very useful later in my life.2(2015陕西高考)My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.3(2015浙江高考)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.4(2014全国卷)And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can.5I

31、have fallen in love with journalism when I was a child.6Before the old man came back, the smell of the whisky reminded him of the accident.7The club was very popular that many students signed up for it.8Write to me unless you have any questions about the schedule.9Luckily, he was the only one who fi

32、nally got the job, so the manager decided to give the job to whoever he believed was helpful.10As long as insects happen to touch the webs, no matter what hard they try, they cant escape.11Besides, assign a little extra time for each task, such that the work will be carried out systematically.12Shak

33、ing hands is the most popular way to greet each other while people meet.13They said this was so a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.14Its good to arrive early so you can get settled after classes start.1. 解析：If句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物将会消失。根据句意可知，此处应该用 if 引导条件状语从句，表示主句内容发生的条件。2. 解析： a

34、s/when句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增加(或：当人口增加时)，为了使食物熟得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意可知，此处可用as/when引导时间状语从句。3. 解析： When/If第二句句意：当它哭的时候/如果它哭了，熊猫妈妈会来回摇晃它，轻轻拍打，给它安慰。根据句意可知，应填when或if。4. 解析：if此处表示：噢如果你不介意，我要停下来做一下深呼吸。根据句意可知，应填if引导条件状语从句。5.解析：thatso that “以便；为了”，在此处引导目的状语从句。6.解析：Although句意：尽管鸟类用羽毛飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。由句意可知，空处引导让步状语从句，

35、故填Although。7. that8. until9. though/although/while 10. as/though 11. since 12. as 13. that 14. before改错答案1.解析：wherewhen根据句意可知，父母是在我小时候教我玩纸牌的，所以此处要用when引导时间状语从句。2.解析： afterwhen/while句意：我所犯的唯一的错误就是当我打包它们(饼干)的时候，掉在了地上一些。when/while“当的时候”，after“在之后”。根据句意应将after改为when/while。3.解析：IfAlthough/Though句意：尽管在那个教室学习时我仅仅是一个孩子，但我永远忘不了它。根据句意可知，此处并不存在条件关系，而是表示让步，应将if改为although或though。4.解析：thatasas many . as we can为固定句式，as引导比较状语从句。5. whensince 6.BeforeWhen 7.veryso_ 8. unlessif9. sobecause 10. whathow 11. suchso12. whilewhen 13. sosuch 14. afterbefore