2021-2022年新教材高中英语 UNIT 6 Survival Section Ⅱ Using language课后练习（含解析）外研版选择性必修第二册.doc

1、Using language.阅读理解AIn the past 50 years, the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold. In coastal water bodies，including river mouths and seas, lowoxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950.Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even out

2、side these zones as Earth warms.“Oxygen is fundamental to life in the oceans，” said Denise Breitburg, a marine ecologist with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre. “The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earths environment. Actually, its

3、a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism, including hotels and restaurants and taxi drivers and everything else. The reverberations(严重影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive.”In areas traditionally called “dead zones”， like those in Chesapeake Ba

4、y and the Gulf of Mexico, oxygen plummets(大幅下跌) to so low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and theyre easier to be attacked or caught. But the problem goes far beyond “dead zones”. Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals, hinder

5、 reproduction and lead to disease or even death. It can also cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. While some animals can boom in “dead zones”， overall biodiversity falls.Climate change is the key criminal

6、in the open ocean. Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean. Furthermore, as the ocean as a whole gets warmer, it holds less oxygen. In coastal waters, too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms, which use up oxygen as they die and break down.

7、Peoples livelihoods are also on the line, the scientists reported, especially in developing nations. Smaller fisheries(渔场) may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere. So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人类活动导致全

8、球变暖，气候变化使海洋中的氧气含量下降影响海洋生物的生存，这些相应地会影响人类的生存，人类必须采取措施应对此问题。1What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?AThe ocean has been losing its oxygen.BThe amount of sea water is increasing.CThe coastal water bodies are dangerous.DEarth becomes warmer and warmer.解析：选A段落大意题。通读第一段可知海洋面临的现状，在过去的50年里，海洋中零氧水域的水

9、量增加了四倍多，低氧场所自1950年以来增加了十倍多。通过这些现状科学家预计，随着地球变暖，即使在这些区域之外，氧气含量也会继续下降，故选A。2What can we infer from Denise Breitburgs words?ADifferent oceans have different levels of oxygen.BThe decline in ocean oxygen has great influences.CThe future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen.DThe decrease in ocea

10、n oxygen is the most serious environmental problem.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段Denise Breitburg所说的话可知，海洋氧气的减少是人类活动对地球环境最严重的影响之一，这种不良的海洋生态系统的严重影响还会扩大，由此可见海洋氧气的减少有很大影响，故选B。3How does the “dead zone” affect sea animals?AIt offers more food.BIt forms dangerous gas.CIt reduces their living areas.DIt produces more car

11、bon dioxide.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段中的In areas traditionally called “dead zones” . oxygen plummets(大幅下跌) to so low levels that many animals die.As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and theyre easier to be attacked or caught.可知，在“死亡地带”，氧气大幅下跌，许多动物死去。当鱼类避开这些区域时，它们的栖息地变小，更容易被攻击或捕获，故选C。4How

12、can we win the war according to the text?ABy closing smaller fisheries.BBy controlling humans bad activities.CBy improving peoples living standards.DBy stopping nutrients entering the ocean.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中的The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the

13、Earths environment.Actually, its a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism, including hotels and restaurants and taxi drivers and everything else.可知，是人类活动导致了海洋氧气减少，所以要解决此问题必须控制人类的有害活动，故选B。BA new study, published in the journal Global Change Biology, tracked nearly

14、20,000 marked fish in Sonoma County streams from 2011 to 2017.The Russian River watershed (分水岭) is home to a highly endangered population of coho salmon (银鲑鱼), which nearly collapsed in the early 2000s, but has been recovering since then through a conservation program.“We could measure survival duri

15、ng this historic drought, which will help us understand how future droughts will affect this population，” says Ross Vander Vorste, who conducted the analysis for the study.Climate change leads to more frequent and severe droughts in California.In the watershed, and elsewhere in coastal California, s

16、almon spend much of their life in small streams.These streams often dry up in places during hot, dry conditions, leaving disconnected or completely dry pools of water.Major questions have been to what extent habitat fragmentation (碎片化) caused by more severe drought threatens salmon survival, and jus

17、t how much water is needed to support the salmon population through the dry summer months.Even during the most extreme drought years, the study found, summer survival in certain reaches (河段) was similar to survival in nondrought years, showing that many stream pools act as refuges (避难所)In other reac

18、hes, lack of flowing water led to salmon being trapped in drying pools, which means more deaths.“As long as water remained in pools throughout the summer, salmon could survive，” says Vorste, “So even though we saw decreased survival in many pools, there were some places serving as refuges.”“With the

19、 trend towards increasing drought, its going to be harder and harder for these salmon to hang on，”says California Sea Grant extension specialist Mariska Obedzinski.“So its important that some pools maintain conditions supporting survival.”“There are limited resources to address stream flow issues, s

20、o this study helps focus our attention on certain areas，” says Obedzinski, “There are different strategies for different conditions.”In addition to answering important questions for local salmon recovery, the study also informs broader ecological questions about the role of habitat fragmentation for

21、 endangered species.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于鲑鱼生存现状的研究。5What happened to coho salmon in the early 2000s?AThey were tracked and hunted by local people.BThey came to live in Sonoma County streams.CThey were marked by the researchers.DThey almost went extinct.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段中的which nearly collapsed in t

22、he early 2000s可知，在20世纪初银鲑鱼几乎灭绝了。6What problem do salmon in California face?ATheir habitats are often fragmented due to drought.BThe Russian River floods frequently in the rainy season.CThe water temperature of the streams is too high in summer.DTheir population grows too slowly without enough food s

23、upply.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的These streams often dry up in places .habitat fragmentation (碎片化) caused by .threatens salmon survival可知，它们的栖息地经常因干旱而支离破碎。7What does Paragraph 3 imply?ASalmon in certain waters have got used to drought.BSome stream pools never dry up even in summer.CThe summer survival of sal

24、mon decreases every year.DPools without flowing water can be refuges for salmon.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的Even during .showing that many stream pools act as refuges (避难所)及So even though we saw decreased survival in many pools, there were some places serving as refuges.可推断，有些溪流池即使在夏天也不会干涸。8What is the last p

25、aragraph mainly about?AThe next step of the study.BThe conclusion of the study.CThe significance of the study.DThe background to the study.解析：选C段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段主要讲了这项研究的意义。.完形填空When my sisters and I were little, we were 1 to take naps.The summer I was seven, I asked to take my 2 in a tree in the

26、orchard (果园), the place I went to when I wanted to be alone and 3 .In the tree, I had a(n) 4 view of the orchard, our house, fields, barns and fences.My sisters once forgot me so completely that they stood under the tree 5 secrets.One afternoon I climbed the tree 6 ， grabbing branches and 7 my feet

27、carefully until I was as high as I could go. 8 ， a flying noise attracted my attention.An owl 9 on a thick branch and gripped it with her talons.She pressed her wings to her side and settled down.So natural did I move myself that the owl would not 10 at my being there.She flew 11 among branches unti

28、l she noticed me.The owl hesitated for one second 12 she lifted her wings and flew away into space.I gasped and watched her go, 13 she would return.She had been gone so long that I had 14 seeing her again.Unexpectedly, the owl reappeared in January, accompanied by her mate.The 15 of the owl gave me

29、a sense of assurance I had not felt before and which I would treasure forever.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在果园的树上打盹时邂逅了一只猫头鹰，她在发现“我”之后飞离；而之后又再现于一月。“我”对此番经历视若珍宝。1A.allowedBexpectedCforbiddenDappointed解析：选B根据空前的were little及常识可知，作者小时候应是被期盼着打盹。故选B项。2A.napsBlapsCbonusDangles解析：选A根据前面的to take naps可知，七岁那年的夏天作者去果园的树上打盹

30、。故选A项。3A.ambitiousBbrilliantCpeacefulDcompetent解析：选C根据前面的alone可知，作者想找一个安静的地方独处。故选C项。4A.privateBabundantCgrandDadequate解析：选C根据后面的the orchard, our house, fields, barns and fences可知，在果园里作者有广阔的视野。故选C项。5A.whisperingBkeepingCassumingDhiding解析：选A根据后面的secrets和常识可知，在树下面应是小声说自己的秘密。故选A项。6A.in disguiseBas wellC

31、in vainDas usual解析：选D根据上文的提示，作者喜欢在果园里的树上打盹，故这里是说作者像平常一样爬上树。故选D项。7A.tappingBinsertingCplacingDstriking解析：选C根据上下文可知，作者上树时会小心地在树上放好脚。故选C项。8A.ApparentlyBEventuallyCSuddenlyDFortunately解析：选C根据下文可知，一只猫头鹰出现了，故此处指突然有一个声音吸引了作者。故选C项。9A.landedBexistedCwavedDpicked解析：选A根据空后的on a thick branch可知，这只猫头鹰落在了一根粗壮的树枝上。

32、故选A项。10A.adapt toBfade outCget stuckDget offended解析：选D根据语境可知，作者自然地移动，以便猫头鹰不会被作者冒犯到。故选D项。11A.now and thenBback and forthCday in and day outDtrial and error解析：选B根据后面的among branches until she noticed me可知，猫头鹰在树枝间来回飞动。故选B项。12A.thoughBwhenCuntilDbefore解析：选D猫头鹰发现了作者后犹豫了一秒便飞走了。故选D项。13A.thinkingBprayingCcom

33、fortingDencouraging解析：选B根据最后一段可知，作者将这次经历视若珍宝，所以应是祈祷她会返回。故选B项。14A.given upBcut upCcast downDbroken down解析：选A根据前面的She had been gone so long可知，猫头鹰已经飞走很长时间了，作者认为猫头鹰不会回来了。故选A项。15A.occupationBreturnCrecoveryDevidence解析：选B根据上文中的Unexpectedly, the owl reappeared in January可知，猫头鹰返回了。故选B项。.语法填空China launched a

34、 large robotic spacecraft on 17 December 2020 at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in South Chinas Hainan Province, 1 (task) it with landing on the moon and bringing back lunar samples, 44 years after the last time such extraterrestrial substances (外星物质) 2 (bring) back to earth.The 3 (heavy) and larg

35、est in the nations lunar fleet Change 5 would fly in the trajectory within the next several days and make some correction operations before conducting a key braking maneuver (刹车操作) to avoid 4 (accident) flying past the moon.The return capsule of 5 (China) Change 5 probe touched down on its preset la

36、nding site in Siziwang Banner of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region at 1：59 am on Thursday, bringing back the countrys first samples 6 (collect) from the moon, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA)Zhang Kejian, head of CNSA，declared the Change 5 mission a success.It marked th

37、e successful 7 (conclude) of Chinas current threestep lunar exploration program of orbiting, landing, and bringing back samples, 8 began in 2004.The recovery team would make initial processing of 9 capsule and then use a plane to transport it 10 Beijing, where it would be opened for technicians to r

38、emove the container holding lunar samples, the administration said.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了嫦娥五号探测器返回舱安全着陆并带回了从月球收集的样品。1tasking本句的谓语动词为launched，空处为非谓语动词，与逻辑主语China为主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。task此处为动词，意为“交给某人(任务)；派给某人(工作)”。2were brought根据44 years after the last time可知，此处指过去发生的事，“外星物质被带回地球”，表被动，应用被动语态，故填were brought。

39、3heaviest根据空前的The以及空后的and largest可知，这里用形容词的最高级形式，故填heaviest。4accidentally空处修饰flying，应用副词形式，故填accidentally。5Chinas空处与Change 5 probe为所有关系，故填Chinas。6collected该句的谓语动词是touched，空处是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语samples为动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填collected。7conclusion空前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，故填conclusion。8which空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chinas current threestep lunar exploration program，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which。9the此处特指上文中提到的太空舱，故用定冠词the。10to根据语境可知，此处表示“用飞机将其运回北京”，应用介词to。