《名师一号》2015高考英语（人教版）一轮语法对点讲练7 非谓语动词.doc

1、语法对点讲练七非谓语动词非谓语动词有不定式、v.ing形式和v.ed三种形式：非谓语动词时态和语态表达意义不定式一般式：to do/to be done动作在谓语动词后发生进行式：to be doing动作与谓语动词同时发生完成式：to have done/to have been done动作在谓语动词之前发生v.ing形式一般式：doing/being done动作与谓语动词同时发生完成式：having done/having been done动作在谓语动词之前发生v.ed形式表示完成和被动一、非谓语动词的功能知识点讲解1作主语和表语不定式作主语或表语往往是一次性的、具体的动作。常用it

2、作形式主语。v.ing形式作主语或表语，表示一般或抽象的多次行为。常用句式：It is no use/good doing sth.或There is no point (in) doing sth.v.ed形式不作主语，作表语时常表示主语的状态。The window is broken.2作定语不定式作定语表示将来的动作；表示第几个做某事的人或物，跟在特定的名词(ability, chance, way等)后。He is always the first one to arrive at school.v.ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系或表示所修饰名词的用途。Please g

3、o to the meeting room.v.ed形式作定语时表示与所修饰名词之间为被动关系。3作宾语补足语不定式跟在一些特定的动词后作宾补： make, allow, order, urge, force, encourage等。v.ing形式作宾补时与宾语之间为主动关系。v.ed形式作宾补时与宾语之间为被动关系。4特定动词后非谓语动词形式以下词只接不定式作宾语：afford, agree, determine, decide, refuse, expect, hope, manage, want, fail, wish, ask, pretend, promise, happen, wo

4、uld like, set out等。以下词只接v.ing形式作宾语：advise, admit, enjoy, avoid, appreciate, delay, consider, miss, finish, practise, imagine, suggest, escape, resist, risk, cant help, feel like, insist on, set about等。以下词作“需要”讲时，后接v.ing主动形式表达被动含义：need, want, require(若用不定式则用to be done形式)。My car needs washing/to be wa

5、shed.以下词可接不定式，也可接v.ing形式，意义上基本相同：prefer, like, love, start, begin, hate, continue, intend等。以下词可接不定式，也可接v.ing形式，意义差别很大：特别提示v.ing形式还可以充当部分介词的宾语。对点训练完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点()第一组单项填空1(2013新课标卷)They might just have a place _ on the writing course why dont you give it a try?A. leave B. leftC. leaving D. to le

6、ave答案_B_知识点_解析句意：写作课上还有一个名额，你为什么不试一试呢？leave作动词讲，可表示“使保留；留下备用”， leave和place属于被动关系，故left作place的后置定语，表示“剩下的位置；保留的位置”。2(2013北京卷)Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including your own.A. change B. changingC. changed D. to change答案_D_知识点_解析句意：志愿者的工作给你改变生活的机会，并且包括你自己的。动词不定式充当定语表将来。3(2013天津卷)In some la

7、nguages, 100 words make up half of all words _ in daily conversations.A. using B. to useC. having sued D. used答案_D_知识点_解析句意：在某些语言中，100个单词构成了日常生活中所用语言的一半。由句意知use与逻辑主语all words是动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，选项D正确。A、B项是主动形式不符合句意； C项不能作定语。4(2013福建卷)_ basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergenci

8、es.A. Known B. Having knownC. Knowing D. Being known答案_C_知识点_解析根据句子结构可知：本句缺少主语，故用v.ing形式作主语。5(2013德州二模)I made every effort to get the car out of the mud, but it remained _ there.A. sticking B. to be stuckC. stuck D. to have stuck答案_C_知识点_解析remain在此处作系动词用，意思为“保持；仍然是；依旧是”。不定式作表语常用被动式，表示“某事有待于以后被处理”，指动

9、作尚未发生；如：A lot of work remained to be done；现在分词作表语用来说明主语的特征如The dog is frightening；过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态，符合语境。此处stuck已经是一个由过去分词转换成的形容词了，意为“被卡住的；动不了的”，表示主语的状态。C项正确。6(2013北京东城区练习二)I decided to risk _ for a place to stay when I got there, rather than booking in advance.A. to look B. lookingC. looked D. look答

10、案_B_知识点_解析risk后只接动名词作宾语，不接不定式、过去分词和动词原形作宾语。故选B项。第二组语法填空7Jennifer will stop _ (eat) dinner, so she may be late.答案to_eat知识点_解析由so she may be late可知，“Jennifer可能会迟到的”； stop doing sth.“停止做某事”； stop to do sth.“停下来，去做某事”。8(2013衡阳八中质检)Why do you stand and watch the milk _ (boil) over?答案boiling知识点_解析boiling为

11、现在分词作宾语补足语。现在分词表示一个看到的正在发生的事情。9The machine has been used for several years. It needs _ (repair)答案repairing/to_be_repaired知识点_解析句意：这台机器已经用了几年了，需要维修一下了。sth.needdoing用主动表被动含义，还可用need to be done。10Nowadays people separate their waste to make it easier for it _ (reuse)答案to_be_reused知识点_解析第二个it是不定式的逻辑主语。它

12、指代their waste，与动词reuse存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态。make it easier to be reused是“make宾语宾补”结构，常用it作形式宾语，代替后边的不定式。11John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ (offer) him it.答案offering知识点_解析句意：约翰已经得到了那份工作，因为他给我看了提供给他工作的公函。letter与offer之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作定语。12One learns a language by m

13、aking mistakes and _ (correct) them.答案correcting知识点_解析句意：一个人通过犯错误并纠正错误的方式学习语言。and连接两个动名词短语，作介词by的宾语。二、非谓语动词作状语知识点讲解1不定式作状语表示目的，常置于句首，用逗号与主句隔开；在句末时则不用隔开。表示结果，常用于句型：only/just to(表示意想不到的结果); too . to . (太而不能); so/such . as to . (如此以至于); enough for sb.to (足够做)。He was so excited as to be unable to speak.

14、The ice is thick enough to walk on.表示原因，常用于句型：主语系动词形容词to do。I was surprised to find him here.2v.ing作状语表示原因，一般式表示动作与句子谓语动作同时发生；完成式表示动作早于主句动作发生。Having been told the meeting was cancelled, I went home after work.表示时间，其动作在句子谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生均可。While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Mary.Having

15、 finished his homework, Tom went to play basketball.表示方式或伴随情况，常跟在句子后。At the bell of the class, he came running into the classroom.表示结果，跟在句后。The plane crashed, killing all the people on board.表示条件，置于句首或句末。Working hard, youll succeed one day.表示让步，置于句首或句末。Having been told many times, he still repeated

16、the same mistakes.3过去分词作状语表示时间When asked her further plans, she said that she wanted to be a nurse.表示原因Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.表示条件If taken according to the directions, the medicine has no side effect.表示结果The girl met with an accident, wounded in the head.表示让步Enco

17、uraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in finding a job.表示方式或伴随The old man got off the bed, supported by his son.对点训练完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点()第一组单项填空1(2013新课标卷)The sunlight is white and blinding, _ hardedged shadows on the ground.A. throwing B. being thrownC. to throw D. to be thrown答案_A_知识点_

18、解析句意：阳光亮白而刺眼，在地上投射出轮廓清晰的影子。主语the sunlight与throw是主谓关系，故用throwing作伴随状语。2(2013北京卷)_ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.A. Find B. FindingC. To find D. Found答案_B_知识点_解析句意：她发现这门课程很难，就决定换门容易的。she和find存在主谓关系，故用v.ing形式作状语。3(2013山东卷)I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feel

19、ing tired.A. take B. takingC. to take D. taken答案_C_知识点_解析句意：我停下来休息一小会因为我感到累了。此题考查动词不定式作目的状语，故选C项。4(2013福建卷)Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.A. to be tested B. being testedC. tested D. to test答案_C_知识点_解析anyone和test存在动宾关系故用tested短语作状语。

20、5(2013安徽卷)_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.A. To found B. FoundingC. Founded D. Having founded答案_C_知识点_解析句意：这所学校创建于20世纪早期，它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。found“建立”与句子的主语school之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词founded，既表被动又表完成。第二组语法填空6We gave away bulletins door to door to call on p

21、eople to help others warmheartedly, only _ (stop) to have a drink from time to time.答案stopping知识点_解析句意：我们挨家挨户分发简报，目的是号召人们热心地帮助他人，(我们的回报)仅仅是时不时地停下来喝杯水。现在分词短语作伴随状语。“only不定式”表示出乎意料的结果，意为“不料；反而”“想不到；结果却”，与本句句意不符。例如：They reached the company out of breath only to be told they were fired.他们上气不接下气地赶到公司，不料却被

22、告知他们被解雇了。7He woke up from a terrible dream only _ (tell) that he was in another strange country.答案to_be_told知识点_解析不定式可以用作结果状语，通常与only连用，表示出乎主语意料的情况。he与tell之间存在被动关系；故用不定式的被动式。8_ (write) the composition, I handed it to the teacher and then ran out of the classroom.答案Having_written知识点_解析having written为

23、现在分词的完成式，在句中作状语，表示原因。由于write的动作发生在hand和run之前，所以用完成式，不用一般式。9_ (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.答案Offered知识点_解析句意：被提供了一个新电影中的重要角色，安迪得到了一个成名的机会。offer与Andy之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。三、非谓语动词的其他事项知识点讲解1独立主格结构非谓语动词本身有动词的特性，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，用独立主格结构表示。名词/代词v.ing形式，表

24、示主动关系，或动作正在进行。They seating themselves, the teacher began to tell the stories.名词/代词v.ed形式，表示被动关系，或动作已结束。Her glasses broken, she couldnt read the book.名词/代词不定式，表示主动关系，动作未发生或即将发生。Lots of homework to do, he has to go home.特别提示其他形式的独立主格结构：名词/代词(being)形容词/副词Summer holidays (being) over, students return to

25、 school.名词/代词介词短语Sword in hand, I followed him here and climbed in.There/It being名词/代词/形容词There being no one to turn to, he had to repair the car himself.It being fine, we can go to the beach.with/without复合结构He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand.2非谓语动词的一些常用结构have/get sth.doneYoud better h

26、ave/get your car checked.make sb./sth.doneThats a special way to make myself understood.make/have/letsb.doThe teacher made/had/let us finish the homework.get sb.to do sth.You should get your parents to help you.find/catch sb.doing sth.He was found/caught stealing in the shop.find sth.doneHe found hi

27、s room broken into.感官动词(feel, hear, see等)sb./sth.doing sth.I saw him working in the garden.感官动词(feel, hear, see等)sb./sth.doneDid you see the bridge washed away by the flood?感官动词(feel, hear, see等)sb./sth.do sth.I noticed my teacher enter the classroom.be worth doing sth.(主动形式表示被动意义)The film is well w

28、orth seeing.be busy/occupied doing sth.Im busy writing a book.spend time/money (in) doing sth.They spent three months learning French.have difficulty/trouble/a hard time (in) doing sth.We have no difficulty (in) finding his house.There is no point (in) doing sth.There is no point (in) waiting for hi

29、m any longer.have no choice but to do sth.get down to doing sth.It is/was thought/believed/reported/said . to do sth.beadj.to do sth.can/could do nothing but do sth.对点训练完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点()第一组单项填空1(2013北京卷)When we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.A. block B. to bloc

30、kC. blocking D. blocked答案_D_知识点_解析句意：当我们看到大雪封路，我们就决定在家度假。the road和block存在动宾关系，故用blocked作宾语补足语。2With all the magazines he needed _， he left the library.A. to borrow B. to be borrowedC. borrowed D. borrowing答案_C_知识点_解析“with名词过去分词”结构，在句中作状语，表示原因。magazines与borrow之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词， he needed前省略了关系代词，是magaz

31、ines的定语从句。3Many trees were planted on the mountain, most of them _ good care of.A. taking B. takenC. to take D. having taken答案_B_知识点_解析most of them taken good care of为独立主格结构，其中most of them是逻辑主语，过去分词短语taken good care of是逻辑谓语，该结构在句中作状语。4(2013黄山第二次质检)The Internet offers its users the chance to have the

32、 information they need _ to them quickly and cheaply.A. to deliver B. deliverC. delivering D. delivered答案_D_知识点_解析题干中的they need为定语从句，本题考查“have宾语非谓语动词”结构，在这个结构中，作宾补的可以是不带to的不定式、现在分词和过去分词。不定式作宾补表示动作即将发生；现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行；过去分词作宾补表示被动和完成。information与deliver之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。所以选D项。5Luckily, all the p

33、assengers were reported _ the air crash which happened last month in Paris.A. to survive B. to have survivedC. having survived D. to have been survived答案_B_知识点_解析be reported to do sth.是一个固定用法，由于survive的动作发生在be reported之前，所以用不定式的完成式，不用一般式。第二组语法填空6I was scared and felt pretty anxious, this _ (be) my f

34、irst time in a new country.答案being知识点_解析逗号前已经是一个完整的句子，故使用独立主格结构。7The fresh air in the morning is pleasant _ (breathe). Youd better get up early to do some exercise.答案to_breathe知识点_解析不定式用在作表语的形容词后时，如果与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，动词不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。8If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ (meet) an

35、even greater challenge.答案to_meet知识点_解析句意：如果他承担这份工作，他将别无选择，只有迎接更大的挑战。have no choice but to do“别无选择；只能”，为固定搭配。9Whom do you expect to have _ (solve) the problem of overloaded school buses?答案solve知识点_解析这是一个疑问句，陈述句的语序是“you expect to have whom solve the problem .”。have“让”，是使役动词，采用have sb. do的表达形式，意思是“让某人做

36、某事”。不定式作宾语补足语，不带to。10The police found few people _ (stay) at the station and all the buses _ (go)答案staying;_gone知识点_，_解析第一个空填staying，是现在分词作宾补， people与stay之间为逻辑上的主谓关系， gone“走了；不在了；不见了”，是过去分词化了的形容词作宾补。第三组单项填空11You can never imagine what great trouble I have _ this marble in my house.A. found B. for fi

37、ndingC. finding D. to find答案_C_知识点_解析句意：你想象不到我在家里找这块大理石遇到了多少困难。have trouble in doing sth.“做某事有麻烦；有困难”， in可省略。12I noticed my little son _ the words _ on his small blackboard.A. read; writing B. reading; writingC. to read; written D. read; written答案_D_知识点_解析notice后接不定式作宾补时，不定式不带符号to。第二个空填written是过去分词作

38、定语，表示“写在小黑板上的字”。13Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admitting B. admittedC. admit D. to admit答案_C_知识点_解析do nothing but do“只能”，后面接不带to的不定式。句意：桑迪只能向老师承认他错了。14Johnson got down to _ the roll of film as soon as he arrived home.A. wash B. developC. washing D. developing答案_D_

39、知识点_解析get down to“开始认真处理”，其中to是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动名词，“冲洗胶卷”用develop，不用wash。第四组语法填空15Whom would you like to have _ (give) the speech on behalf of our class?答案give知识点_解析这是一个特殊疑问句，疑问词whom置于句首，它实际上是have的宾语， have是使役动词，用于have sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，此结构中的不定式不带符号to。16 We didnt find the Blacks _ (attend) the lecture

40、. No one had told him about there _ (be) a lecture the following day.答案attend;_being知识点_，_解析find后面用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，不定式作感官动词的宾语补足语表示一个动作过程，而现在分词则表示一个正在进行的动作。there being是由“引导词there动名词”构成的独立主格结构，这个结构作介词about的宾语。17In order for everyone _ (survive), serious changes need to be made in global development.答案to_survive知识点_解析in order for“为了；以便”； for everyone to do是不定式的复合结构。in order to do直接跟不定式， in order that接句子。18He stood at the door, his hands _ his pockets, feeling rather frightened.答案_in_知识点_解析his hands in his pockets是“逻辑主语介词短语”构成的独立主格结构，作方式状语，物主代词his可以省略。