新教材2020-2021学年英语人教版必修第三册学案：UNIT 5 DISCOVERING USEFUL STRUCTURES WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 5The Value of MoneyDiscovering Useful Structures情态动词(Modal verbs)和过去将来时(The past future tense)Dialogue 1: Dialogue 2: 体会以上两个对话中的情态动词, 并写出其含义。(1)can 能, 会(2)may 可能情态动词(Modal verbs)一、情态动词表特别语气1. can/could(1)表示能力, 意为“能, 会

2、”; could主要指过去的能力。*(2020全国卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practice together every day. 然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它, 这样我们就可以每天一起练习。*(2019全国卷)In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. 在这些地方, 病人能够在康复过程中亲近大自然。*(2019天津高考)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to

3、 congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it. 我本来希望送给彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚, 但没有做到。(2)表示请求或许可。当请求允许做某事时, 两者均可用, 但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时, 一般要用can, 而不用could。*Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning? Yes, you can. 我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗? 是的, 可以。(3)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度时, 意为“怎么能, 怎么会”, 主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中, 用could时语

4、气较委婉。*How can you be so careless! 你怎么那么粗心呀! 【知识延伸】can与be able to的区别can只能用在一般现在时, 而be able to可用于更多的时态。*He will be able to tell you the news soon. 他将能够很快就告诉你这个消息。表示过去特定的能力或经过努力才具备的能力, 只能用be able to。*I talked with her for a long time, and finally I was able to make her believe me. 我和她谈了很长时间, 最终, 我让她相信了

5、我。2. must表示现在或将来必须要做某事, 多是出于义务、责任或强制命令, 指说话人的主观意志。*(2019天津高考)Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday, March 23. 学生们必须在3月23日周五之前提供他们的展示光盘。 must用法点拨(1)回答must引出的问句时, 如果是否定的回答, 不能用mustnt, 而要用neednt或dont have to。Must we hand in our English exercise books? 我们必须交英语练习册吗? Yes, you must

6、. (No, you dont have to. /No, you neednt. )是的, 你必须要交。(不, 你不必)。(2) must用于疑问句中, 可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩, 意为“偏要, 硬要”。mustnt的意思是“禁止”, 而不是“不必”。*Must you interrupt me now? Cant you see Im on the phone? 你非要现在打断我吗? 难道你没看见我在打电话吗? 【知识延伸】have to表示“必须, 不得不”, 意义与must很接近, 但must表示主观意志, 而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事, 并且可用于更多的时态。

7、*(2019全国卷) I work not because I have to, but because I want to. 我工作不是因为我不得不工作, 而是因为我想工作。*We must promote our environmental awareness and behave ourselves. 我们必须提高环保意识, 并规范我们的行为。 用适当的情态动词填空。(1)I should have been there, but I couldnt find the time. (2)Tom, you must not leave all your clothes on the flo

8、or like this! (3)I sincerely hope you can accept my invitation. (4)John, look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour? 3. may/might(1)表示请求时, 两者都可用, 只是 might 表示的语气较委婉(但并不表示过去); 表示许可时, 通常要用 may而不用might。*You may come in now. 你现在可以进来了。(表示许可)*Might I have a look at your new computer? 我可以

9、看看你的新电脑吗? (表示请求)(2)may表示祝福与愿望, 多用于书面语中, 构成句型: May+you/n. +动词原形+. . . *May you have a good journey! 祝你旅途愉快! 【知识延伸】may well+动词原形, 表示“很可能”; may/might as well do sth. 不妨做某事。*He may well be surprised at the result. 他很可能会对这个结果感到意外。*To start with, you might as well learn to speak Mandarin. 首先, 你最好学会说普通话。4.

10、 shall(1)shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中时表示征求意见。*Shall I get you some tea? 我给你倒点茶好吗? (2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句时, 往往表示给对方(you)或第三者(he, she, they)以允诺、命令、决心、警告或威胁等, 在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。*You shall fail if you dont work harder. 如果你不再努力点儿, 你就会失败。(警告)*Each citizen shall carry his identification card when travelling. 旅游时每个市民务

11、必带上身份证。(规定)5. should/ought to(1)表示责任、义务, 意为“应该, 应当”。*(2020全国卷)I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences. 我想知道父母是否总是说出真相, 无论结果如何。*(2019全国卷)You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. 你应该重新评估你的目标, 并激励自己设立新的目标。(2)should表示惊讶、赞叹或不满, 意为“竟然”。

12、*Its strange that he should be late. 真奇怪, 他竟然会迟到。 用适当的情态动词填空。(1)You should help your mother with the housework. (2)May you have a happy weekend. (3)It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (4)You cant imagine that a well-behaved gent

13、leman should be so rude to a lady. 6. will/would(1)will表示“意愿, 意志”, would表示过去时间的“意愿、意志”。*I promise I will do my best to provide best service for the Asian Games. 我许诺我会尽最大努力为亚洲运动会提供最好的服务。*I told her to stop crying, but she just wouldnt listen. 我告诉她别哭, 但是她不愿意听。(2)表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中, will和would均可用

14、, would此时不表示过去, 而是表示委婉语气。*Will/Would you pass me the book? 请你把书递给我好吗? (3)will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作, 意为“总会, 老是”; would表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。*Fish will die without water. 没有水, 鱼会死去。*When my parents were away, my grandmother would take care of me. 我父母外出的时候, 祖母总是照看我。【知识延伸】would与used to的区别(1)would表示过去经常性且反复发生的动作, 没

15、有与现在对比的含义。*When we were boys, we would go swimming every summer. 当我们是孩子的时候, 我们每年夏天常常去游泳。(2)used to表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态, 且现在已终止, 强调今昔对比。*People used to believe that the earth was flat. 过去, 人们总以为地球是扁平的。(现在已不再这样认为)7. need, dare(1)need表示必要性, 意为“需要”, dare表示“敢于”; need和dare作情态动词时常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中, 无人称和数的变化, 疑问句

16、和否定句中不加助动词。*You neednt come here this afternoon. 你今天下午不必来这里。*How dare you say Im unfair? 你怎么敢说我不公平? (2)need和dare用作实义动词时, 有词形变化。在否定句、疑问句中要加助动词。*You dont need to hurry. You have enough time. 你不需要着急。你有足够的时间。*He doesnt dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。 用适当的情态动词填空。(1)He would go to the river nearby to fish on wee

17、kends when he was young. (2)Sorry, I forgot to tell John about your party. It doesnt matter. I will call him in a while. (3)Many people were standing around watching with sympathy, but no one dared to help him up. (4)You need to get rid of the habit of drinking cola only. 二、情态动词表推测1. must表示有把握的推测, 只

18、用于肯定句中, 意为“一定, 肯定”。*(2020全国卷)I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook. 我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋, 并且我认为它炒起来一定很简单。*Im sure that you must be concerned about Robert the moment you left for London. 我确信你一去伦敦就会很担心Robert。2. can/could表示推测, 意为“可能”, 用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。*Tom has gone t

19、o Beijing, so you cant see him in our school now. 汤姆已经去北京了, 所以你现在在我们学校看不到他。can表示客观可能性(理论上或是逻辑判断上), 意为“可能会”。*It can be rather hot in our hometown in March. 在我们家乡三月份可能会很热。3. may/might意为“可能, 也许”, 指可能性小的猜测。might比may语气更不确定, 表示的可能性更小。*He may be at home, but I am not sure. 他或许在家, 但是我不确定。*(2020全国卷)I tell my

20、 mom that if were forced to eat things, we may become ill. 我告诉我妈妈, 如果我们被迫吃东西, 我们可能会生病。4. should表推测, 暗含很大的可能, 意为“应该, 理应”。*Its 4: 30. They should be in New York by now. 现在是四点半, 他们现在应该到达纽约了。情态动词表示推测时, 可能性的大小肯定句: mustcan/couldshouldmaymight否定句: cant/couldntshouldnt may notmight not 用适当的情态动词填空。(1)It is u

21、sually warm in winter in the south, but it can be cold and even have snow sometimes. (2)Jane must be very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day. (3)They cant know the answer. Let me explain to them. (4)According to the weather report, it may rain tomorrow. 三、情态动词+have done情态动词+have d

22、onemust have done对过去的肯定推测译为“过去肯定”It must have rained last night, for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了, 因为路面十分潮湿。cant/ couldnt have done对过去的否定推测译为“过去不可能做了”He couldnt have known the decision, but someone told him. 他一定不知道这个决定, 但是有人告诉他了。could have done本来能够做而没做You could have made greater progress, but you

23、 didnt try your best. 你本能够取得更大的进步, 但是你并没有尽全力。may/might(not) have done可能(没有)做过某事You may have dropped it when you were shopping in the market. 你或许是在市场买东西的时候(把它)掉了。should(not)/ought (not)to have done本来该做而没做/本来不该做而做了You should have come to school if you were really serious about your study. 要是你真的对待学习认真的

24、话, 你本应该来上学的。 neednt have done本来不必做却做了You neednt have telephoned him, for he had known the result. 你本不必打电话给他, 因为他已经知道结果。(1)She cant have read about the explosion. She didnt know anything about it. 她不可能读过关于爆炸的消息, 她对此一点也不知道。(2)She may have bought the dictionary, but Im not sure. 她可能买了那本词典, 但我不太确定。(3)I

25、neednt have taken the umbrella, for the weather is fine. 天气这么好, 我本没必要带雨伞的。(4)You ought not to/shouldnt have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from. 你本不应该取笑他。他不是你嘲笑的人, 而是你学习的榜样。过去将来时(The past future tense)1. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would +动词原形”构成。*Then, I r

26、ealized something terrible would happen. 那时, 我意识到糟糕的事情将要发生。*My brother told me that he would come back on Saturday. 我哥哥告诉我他周六回来。2. was/were going to+动词原形: 表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作, 常用于口语中, 表示预言、意图或者打算等。*I was going to play basketball, but in the end I went to the cinema. 我打算去打篮球, 但是最后我去看电影了。*He was going

27、to start work the following week. 他打算下星期开始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作, “刚要/正要做”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。*I was about to leave for home when a new task was assigned to me. 我正要离开回家, 这时我又被指派了一项新任务。4. start, go, come, leave, see, meet等动词的过去进行时, 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。*She was coming later. 她随后就来。*I had

28、 just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。5. was/were to do: 表示“曾计划做某事”; 如果表示“本来计划做某事, 动作没实现”, 则需用 “was/were to have done”。*She said that they were to visit their English teacher the next week. 她说他们下周将去看望他们的英语老师。*She said she was to have told me about the ac

29、cident. 她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。用所给动词的适当形式完成句子。(1)She said the bus was leaving (leave)at five the next morning. (2)I wasnt sure whether he would lend (lend)me his book the next morning. (3)At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become (become) the turning point in his life. (4)He said he

30、was going to visit(visit) China the next week. (5)In his introduction, he made it clear that our credit would be(be) hard-earned. 用适当的情态动词、动词的过去将来时介绍一下你的高考备考情况。1. 还有三个月就要高考了, 这让我压力很大。2. 因为我晚上熬夜, 我竟然在课堂上睡着了。3. 以往考得不好的时候, 我的父母都会安慰我。4. 现在我能进行自我调节了。5. 我要遵守科学的作息规律。6. 祝我在高考中取得好成绩。The National College Entr

31、ance Examination will be in three months, which makes me under great pressure. Because I stay up late at night, I should fall asleep in class. My parents would comfort me when I didnt do well in the exam. Now I can adjust myself. I shall observe scientific work and rest rules. May I gain good results in the National College Entrance Examination. 关闭Word文档返回原板块- 14 - 版权所有高考资源网