新教材2021-2022学年人教版英语选择性必修第三册学案：UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE 教学 知识细解码 WORD版含解析.doc

1、1endure vt. 忍耐；忍受；持续；持久endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力enduring adj. 持久的；耐久的2qualify vt. 取得资格(或学历)；合格；使合格；使具备资格qualified adj. 符合资格；具备的知识(或技能、学历等)qualification n资格；资历；资格证3enthusiasm n. 热情；热心enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的4assign vt. 分派；布置；分配assignment n工作；任务；布置；分派5abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃abandonment n离弃；遗弃；抛弃6persevere vi.

2、坚持；孜孜以求perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神7resolve vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n决心；坚定的信念resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定8cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的cruelty n残酷；残忍9assign vt.分派；布置；分配assignment n(工作等的)分派；布置10apply v(通常以书面形式)申请，请求；使用；应用；涂；敷；施application n申请；请求；应用applicant n申请者application n. 申请；请求；申请书；申请(表)；(尤指理论、发现等的)应用；用途；涂抹；敷

3、用；施用His application to the court for bail (保释金) has been refused.申请The invention would have a wide range of applications in industry. 应用It took three applications of paint to cover the graffiti.涂抹Words and Phrases知识要点1教材P38However，when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down becau

4、se he thought I was too young and wasnt qualified然而，沙克尔顿拒绝了我加入探险队的申请，因为他认为我太年轻并且资质不够。(1)turn sb.down拒绝(某人)例1I am afraid our boss will turn me down.我害怕我老板会拒绝我。例2He has been turned down for ten jobs so far.到目前为止他申请的十份工作都遭到了拒绝。知识拓展turn down调小turn up出现；到场；开大；调高音量turn around/round转身turn out证明是；结果是turn to

5、转向；求助于；查阅turn over翻转；移交turn on/off打开/关闭(开关)turn in上交turn into变成即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I thanked him for the offer but turned it downIt turned out that she was a friend of my sister.He would turn up at meetings.A person lacking endurance will be turned down by the company.一个缺乏忍耐力的人会被这个公司拒绝。小片段填空用turn短语填空The

6、party was almost over，but Jane still didnt turn upTom was very disappointed.He didnt know why Jane didnt turn down his invitation if she didnt want to come.He turned over the bottles on the tables，and the rest guests left the hall in shock.(2)qualified adj.符合资格；具备的知识(或技能、学历等)例1The government has giv

7、en qualified support to the idea.政府对这一想法给予了适当的支持。例2Demand has far outstripped supply of qualified teachers.对有资格的教师的需求远远超过了供应。知识拓展(1)qualify v使具备资格(2)be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事be qualified for具备资格的；适合担任的(3)qualification n.资格；资历即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He has no qualification(qualify) for this job.He knew he

8、 was not qualified(qualify) to be a teacher.I dont know much about it，so I dont feel qualified to comment(comment)In my opinion，the clever man is qualified to accept the job在我看来，这个聪明的人有资格接受这个工作。小片段填空He got his qualification(qualify) after graduation.Now he is qualified for a lawyer.That is to say he

9、 is qualified to defend(defend) the client.知识要点2abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃教材P38Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together.在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地把我们召集在一起例1The baby had been abandoned by its mother.这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。例2Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。知识拓展(1)abandoned

10、adj.废弃的；被遗弃的；放任的be abandoned to (doing) sth.沉湎于(做)某事(2)abandon oneself to (doing) sth.纵情/沉溺于(做)某事abandon doing sth.放弃做某事with abandon放任地；放纵地；纵情地即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Rescuers had abandoned(abandon) all the hope of finding any more survivors.Im considering abandoning smoking(smoke)soon.At the sad news，he aba

11、ndoned himself(he) to despair.He is abandoned to reading all kinds of books in his spare time.闲暇之余，他沉湎于阅读各种书籍。小片段助记Thirty years ago，Mrs.White picked up an abandoned baby in a hospital.As the boy grew up，he abandoned himself to computer games.Whats worse，he took up drugs and spent all the money.In or

12、der not to support Mrs.White who was too old to earn money，he even abandoned the old lady.知识要点3belongings n财物；动产教材P38We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings，and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.我们不允许带走大部分个人物品，沙克尔顿把自己所有的黄金都扔掉了。例1She packed her few belongings in a bag and

13、 left.她把她的几件东西装进包里便离开了。例2She lost all her belongings in the fire.她在那场火灾中失去了所有财产。知识拓展(1)belonging n归属a sense of belonging归属感(2)belong to sb.属于某人，归某人所有belong to sth.是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员，是(某族类或纲目)的一部分即学即练单句语法填空/句式升级As parents，we have a responsibility to give our children a sense of belonging(belong)They belon

14、ged to a younger generation.Id like to have a look at the toys which belong to you.Id like to have a look at the toys belonging to you(用非谓语动词)知识要点4hold on 稍等；挺住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断教材P39Hold on now，Perce.要坚持住啊，珀西。例1Can you hold on？Ill see if hes here.等一下行吗？我去看看他在不在。例2Jane is determined to hold on to her for

15、tune.简决心要守住自己的财产。知识拓展hold up支撑起；承受住；延迟，阻碍；抢劫hold on to抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持hold back阻挡；阻拦；隐瞒；控制hold down压制；限制hold out(在困境中)坚持；伸出；提供；维持；忍耐即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The chair is too weak to hold up such a fat man.Can you hold on to those tickets for me? Hold on for a minuteIve just got to put on my makeup.等一会儿，我得化妆一下。知识要

16、点5furniture n家具教材P40It took him a lot of energy to move all the items of furniture inside the house.他费了很大力气才把房间里所有的家具搬走。例1Each piece of furniture in their home suited the style of the house.他们家的每件家具都与房子的风格相称。例2We need to buy some new furniture.我们需要买一些新家具。知识拓展(1)a piece of furniture一件家具(2)furnish vt.

17、装修；布置，设置；提供；供应furnish sth.with sth.用布置furnish sb./sth.with sth.furnish sth.to sb./sth.为某人/某物提供某物be furnished with备有；安装有(3)furnished adj.备有家具的即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Eleanor moved into a small furnished(furnish) apartment.Many proprietors (业主) try to furnish their houses with antiques.The house is crammed wit

18、h priceless furniture(furnish) and works of art.The bathroom is furnished with two toilets，two showers，and two sinks.卫生间里装了两个抽水马桶、两个淋浴器和两个洗脸盆。The wood is too soft to make furniture这种木料太软了，不适合用来做家具。知识要点6application n申请(表)；请求；应用(程序等)；用途教材P40Unfortunately，his application was turned down because he was

19、too young and not qualified enough.不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，不够资格。例1Applications should be submitted as early as possible.申请应尽早提交。例2How do the two techniques compare in terms of application? 这两种手法实际运用起来哪个好一些？知识拓展(1)applicant n申请人(2)apply vt.申请；应用apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某事/物apply to sb./sth.适用于某人/物a

20、pply sth.to sth.把应用于apply oneself to doing sth.专注于/集中精力做某事即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子We should apply what we have learned at school to daily life.He wants to apply to the company for a job as a salesman.This traffic rule applies to all the drivers.In this way they can better apply theory to practice这样他们就能更好地把理论

21、运用到实践中去。小片段填空Thirty graduates applied for the post.All these applicants filled in the application forms seriously.(apply)Sentence Patterns重点句式1so.that.句型教材P38But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboa

22、rd.但是我对和他们一起去的想法非常热切，所以我偷偷地登上了“坚忍”号，藏在一个小橱柜里。句式分析本句中的so.that.表示“如此以至于”，so是副词，后面跟形容词或副词。例1I am so tired that I want to sleep right now.我是如此的累以至于我想马上睡觉。例2Her parents gave her so many toys that she couldnt possibly play with them all.她父母给了她那么多玩具，以至于她都玩不过来了。知识拓展即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子George had so little money

23、that he had to get a job.It was such a bad accident that several people got injured.The farmer was so enthusiastic that we found it hard to turn him down.那位农场主非常热情，我们发现拒绝他很难。He is such an excellent student that every teacher likes him.他是如此优秀的一个学生以至于每个老师都喜欢他。重点句式2too.to.结构教材P39.the voyage was too dan

24、gerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.这次航行太危险了，很难让我们所有人都坐上小船。句式分析本句中too.to.表示“太而不能”，too是副词，后面跟形容词或副词。例1It is too difficult for me to carry it.搬它对我来说太难了。例2Sometimes the oil may be too thick to pour at all.有时，油可能稠得一点也倒不出来。知识拓展在下面结构中too.to.含有肯定意义：(1)当too后的形容词是表示心情的形容词时，如glad，

25、pleased，surprised，happy，eager，anxious等，此时，too相当于very或very much。(2)too.to.与never，not等连用时，也表示肯定意义。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Its too far to get there on time.You are never too late to learn English.She was too anxious to buy(buy) this dress.Im too glad to meet you.见到你我非常高兴。It is never too late to mend亡羊补牢为时不晚。1Ho

26、wever，when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasnt qualified.分析该句为复合句。Shackleton turned me down是主句；when引导时间状语从句；because引导原因状语从句；在原因状语从句中，he thought是主句；I was too young and wasnt qualified是宾语从句。译文然而，沙克尔顿拒绝了我加入探险队的申请，因为他认为我太年轻并且资质不够。2How e

27、veryone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!分析本句是一个感叹句，其中when引导的是时间状语从句；“I have been to”是定语从句，修饰places。译文当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，每个人都会羡慕我！教材高考1. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the End

28、urance，and hid in a small cupboard.(2021新高考全国卷)It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.(2019天津卷)Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection，Mabry thanked them all.2.He assigned me to be a steward，and I now serve meals for twentyeight men，three times a day.(2019天津卷)

29、Occasionally，I would read a novel that was assigned，but I didnt enjoy this type of reading.3.Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together.(2020江苏卷)LoveFone，a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them，opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2

30、016.4.Unfortunately，his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough.(2019天津卷)However，technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways.单句语法填空1Math is too difficult for me to learn(learn) well.2Mike is such

31、 an honest boy that we all believe him.3Previous teaching experience is a necessary qualification(qualify) for this job.4She set about trying(try)to find out everything she possibly could about cancer.5The child was found abandoned (abandon) but unharmed.6I needed to sort my belongings(belong) at th

32、at time.7Walter was going to speak，but his uncle held up his hand.8We drank tea by lamplight in his furnished(furnish) house.9We have had lots of applicants(apply) for these positions.10She impatiently turned down my request.短语填空turn down；dream of；be enthusiastic about；set off；become stuck in；from b

33、ad to worse；hold on；after all1Urban traffic is getting from bad to worse. 2When the Belgica became stuck in pack ice，her crew achieved the unintended distinction of being the first humans to overwinter in the Antarctic.3The manager asked him to hold on while he investigated.4She could not bear the r

34、elentless music and turned down the volume.5So you did make it to America，after all6We set off to see the Pyramids and Sphinx.7At the time he dreamed of becoming a soccer player.8He is enthusiastic about both study and physical labour.课文语法填空An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest S

35、hackletonthis is the adventure that I 1.have been dreaming(dream) of.However，2.when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasnt 3.qualified (qualify)，so I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance.Later I 4.was discovered(discover) and Sh

36、ackleton had to assign me to be 5.a steward.The journey wasnt very easy，for Endurance was stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.And when the ship sank，our hearts sank with it.Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton 6.calmly(calm) told us to rescue our most essential supplies and he 7.himself(

37、he) threw away all his gold.He allowed Hussey to keep his banjo，8.which made us surprised.We had been struggling for days，but things were going from bad to worse.Soon after we arrived at Elephant Island，Shackleton left us to find help.Sometimes we were able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat.I tried to think of 9.happier(happy) things.I was grateful，for Frank and Ernests genuine concern for others，their perseverance，and their resolve filled me 10.with hope.11