2022届高考英语语法精讲精练 微专题 定语从句（含解析）.doc

1、2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（定语从句）考点清单一、关系代词that和which 要点精讲1：1.that用作关系代词，指人或物；在句中作主语、宾语，有时作表语；2.that用作关系副词，作方式状语（that相当于in which，可以省略），先行词是the way。3.只用that不用which的场合：先行词既为人又为物时；先行词被序数词词或形容词最高级修饰时；先行词是all, much, little, everything, nothing. anything等不定代词时；先行词被only, very, little, all等修饰时。【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。

2、1. I dont like the way _you speak to her. 2. He is the only man _ I can find for the work.3. He is no longer the man _he was five years ago. 4. The first English novel _ I read was Gone With Wind.5. This is one of the most exciting football games _ I have ever seen.6. John told his parents about the

3、 cities and the people _ he had visited.7. (2018全国II)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program _ _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案与解析】1. that。the way在定语从句

4、作方式状语，故填that。注意此时that可以省略。故答案是that。2. that。限定词only是关键。故答案是that。3. that。本句中that在定语从句充当表语。故答案是that。4. that。先行词被序数词修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是to reduce。5. that。先行词被形容词最高级修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是that。6. that。先行词既为人又为物时，只能用that不用which。故答案是that。7. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，在定语从句作主语。故答案是that/which。要点精讲2：which用作关系代词，指

5、物；在句中作主语、宾语；5.只用which不用that的场合：引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，前边有逗号为标志；用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如in which, both of which等。【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。8. (2020江苏改编) Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free.9. (2018北京改编)She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.10. (2017北

6、京改编)The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.11. (2017全国III) But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.【答案与解析】8. which。choose from表示“从选择”；先行词是Many lessons，故用which。故答案是which。9. which。w

7、hich引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，前边有逗号为标志。故答案是which。10. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。11. who。逗号表明这是非限制性定语从句；先行词指人，作主语，不能用that或which。故答案是who。考点清单二、关系代词whose 要点精讲：1. whose用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人或物；2.有时用于“介词+whose+名词”结构；3.whose+名词=the +名词+of whom/which=of whom/which+ the +名词。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单

8、词。12.【2018天津】Kae, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.13.(2017江苏改编)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.14. He lives in the room, _ window faces the south/ _ _ the window faces the south.1

9、5. This is Mr Green, _ _ help Ive made great progress in English.【答案与解析】12. whose。whose用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人。故答案是whose。13. whose。whose用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指物。故答案是whose。14. whose; of which。whose window=the window of which。故答案是whose; of which。15. with whose。With ones help表示“在帮助下”。故答案是with whose。考点清单三、

10、关系副词where 要点精讲：where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语；先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如school, museum, centre还可以是抽象名词，如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等（热点，须牢记）【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。16. (2018江苏改编) Self-drivingisanarea_ Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestarting line.17. Were just trying to reach a point _ both sid

11、es will sit down together and talk. 18. Remember that there is still one point _ we must make clear tomorrow.19. Today, well discuss some cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 20. He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident. 【答案与解析】16. where。先行词anarea

12、在定语从句充当地点状语，故答案是where。17. where。先行词是抽象名词point，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语。故答案是where。18. that/which。定语从句含有makeclear结构，因此从句缺少宾语。故答案是that/which。19. where。先行词是抽象名词cases，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语。故答案是where。20. where。先行词是名词letter，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语，相当于in which。故答案是where。考点清单四、关系副词when 要点精讲：when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语；先行词是具体时间名词，如

13、day, month, year还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。21. I will never forget the months _I spent with my cousin in Beijing.22. People are living in an age _many jobs are done on computer. 23. The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 24. Shell never for

14、get her stay there _ she found her son who went missing two years before. 【答案与解析】21. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。22. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。23. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。注意本句先行词The days和定语从句没有紧挨在一起，而是被谓语are gone分隔开，形成分割定语从句。故答案是when。24.when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语

15、。故答案是when。考点清单五、关系副词why 要点：why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语；why还可以用于The reason whyis that句型。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。25. Do you know the reason _Jim failed to come today?26. The reason _Jim failed to come was _he was seriously ill. 【答案与解析】25. why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是why。26. why; that。The reason whyis that是固定句型，

16、表示“之所以是因为”。故答案是why; that。考点清单六、先行词作状语还是宾语要点精讲：先行词是地点名词，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用when；先行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用why；窍门：学会分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或 宾语才能用关系代词。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。27. Do you still remember the days_ we studied together?28. Do you still remember the days_ we spent together?29. Is th

17、is the museum _ you once worked?30. Is this the museum _ you once visited?31. Is this the reason _he was absent from school yesterday?32. Is this the reason _he gave for absence from school yesterday?33. Anyway, that evening, _Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. 【答案与解

18、析】27. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。28. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。29. where。where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。故答案是to reduce。30. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，地点名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。31. why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是to reduce。32. that/which。从句谓语动词give是及物动词，从句缺少宾语。故答案是that/which。33.

19、 which。逗号表明这是非限制性定语从句，从句about暗示后面缺少宾语。故答案是which。考点清单七、as典型用法要点精讲1：用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语，用于suchas, soas, the sameas句型(注意the sameas强调“和是同一类”；the samethat强调“和是同一个”)。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。34. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _everyone likes to visit. 35. Los Angeles is such an attractive place

20、 _everyone likes to visit it. 36. This is _difficult a problem _no one can work out. 37. This is _difficult a problem _no one can work it out. 38. My pen is missing. Id like to buy the same pen _I lost.39. Jenny is so happy, for she has found the same pen _ she lost yesterday. 【答案与解析】34. as。suchas构成

21、限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。故答案是as。35. that。suchthat构成结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分。故答案是that。36. so; as。soas构成限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。故答案是so; as。37. so; that。sothat构成结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分。故答案是so; that。38. as。the sameas强调“和是同一类，符合语境要求。故答案是as。39. that。the samethat强调“和是同一个，符合语境要求。故答案是that。要点精讲2：as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如”，从句多含

22、有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词；which和as用法区别：位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后；逻辑上：which强调前后不一；as强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”；句式上：which多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型；as多用于as we all know/see, as is often the case with sb等句型。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。40. He failed in the driving test again, _surprised us all.41. He failed in the

23、 driving test again, _we had expected.42. _ is often the case with Jim, he was fined for speeding.43. _ is known to everybody, light travels faster than sound. 44. The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.【答案与解析】40. which。which引导非限制性定语从句，且多用于“which

24、+动词+宾语”句型。故答案是which。41. as。as引导非限制性定语从句强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”。故答案是as。42. As。as is often the case with sb引导非限制性定语从句。位于句首或句末。故答案是As。43. As。as we all know/as is known to all引导非限制性定语从句。位于句首或句末。故答案是As。44. as。as引导的定语从句可以插入到主句中间，如本句。故答案是as。考点清单八、“介词+关系代词”结构要点精讲：先行词指人关系代词用whom，指物关系代词用which；介词选择的原则：一看先行词词特殊要求，如to a d

25、egree，二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn from三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。45. Do you remember the day we first met? 46. Do you remember the month we first met? 47. This is the skirt she paid $100. 48. This is the skirt she spent $100. 49. This is my English teacher, Ive learned a

26、 lot.50. This is my English teacher, help I couldnt have made such rapid progress.【答案与解析】45. on which。“在某一天”介词用on。故答案是on which。46. in which。“在某一月”介词用in。故答案是in which。47. for which。payfor是固定词组。故答案是for which。48. on which。spend money/time on是固定词组。故答案是on which。49. from whom。从句谓语含有learn from短语。故答案是from wh

27、om。50. without whose。with ones help表示“在某人帮助下”，结合语境应用否定形式。故答案是without whose。考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致要点精讲1：先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。51. Anyone who _(want) to see the film should put up your hands.52. I, who _(be) your friend, can understand you.【答案与解析】51. wants。anyone作主语，谓语动词应用

28、单数。故答案是wants。52. am。定语从句主语是I，对应谓语是am。故答案是am。要点精讲2：先行词是one of结构，定语从句谓语用复数；先行词是the only /very one of，定语从句谓语用单数。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。53. He is one of the students who _ (praise) at yesterdays meeting.54. He is the only one of the students who _(praise) at yesterdays meeting.【答案与解析】53. were praised。先行词

29、是one of结构，定语从句谓语用复数。故答案是were praised。54. was praised。先行词是the only /very one of，定语从句谓语用单数。故答案是was praised。考点清单十、定语从句复杂形式要点精讲：先行词与定语从句分隔开构成“分割型”定语从句；定语从句与强调句型相结合考查；定语从句与名词性从句、状语从句综合考查；定语从句在阅读理解和完形填空中多起干扰作用，注意用括号法快速识别达到化繁为简目的。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。55. Occasions are quite rare_ I have the time to spend a

30、day with my kids.56. It was in the backyard _ my father planted many vegetables _ he dug up a statue. 57. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages. 58. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _ were translated into foreign languages.59. A new school will be built in _

31、is a factory now. 60. A new school will be built _there is a factory now.【答案与解析】55. when。本句是分割定语从句，先行词是Occasions。故答案是when。56. where; that。_ my father planted many vegetables是定语从句修饰先行词backyard；后面才是强调句型。故答案是where; that。57. which。这是“介词+关系代词”结构。故答案是which。58. them。and是解题关键，表明这是一个并列句。故答案是them。59. what。介词i

32、n后面接一个宾语，该从句缺少引导词和主语，故答案是what。60. where。_there is a factory now在句中作地点状语。故答案是where。好题再练（一）高考真题【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1. (2021天津) William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from _ we can learn without repeating them.2. (2021天津) At the Chinese art festival, there are

33、 different stands _ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.3. (2020全国) In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.4. (2020江苏改编) If you look at all sides of the situation, youll find probably a solution that _ (suit) everyone. 5. (2019江苏改编) We have entered into

34、 an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. 6. (2019天津改编) Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.7. (2019全国II) Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _ she opened with her late husband Les.8. (2019全国III) Th

35、ey were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.9. (2019北京) The students benefitting most from college are those are totally engaged in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources.10. (2019浙江) On the edge of the jacket, there is

36、 a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.【答案】1. which 2. where 3. whose 4. suits 5. when 6. where 7. which 8. who 9. who 10. that/which 好题再练（二）模拟试题【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。11. George Orwell, _ real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. 12. There is no simple answer, _ is ofte

37、n the case in science.13. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.14. The Beatles, _many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. 15. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. 16. She might possibly come, in _ ca

38、se Ill ask her. 17. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _I was the first Western TV reporter to film a special unit.18. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _is not good for the health.19. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring wa

39、s spread over the garden, _ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.20. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.【答案】11. whose 12. as 13. where 14. as 15. which/tha

40、t 16.which 17.when 18. which 19. where 20. who好题再练（三）单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。21. (2020天津改编) Dr. Rowan, who secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.22. (2020全国II) Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.23. (2020全国II) Understanding her good intentions, I eat all

41、the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.24. (2019全国III) In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them. 25. (2019全国I)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.26. (2018全国I) They also had a small

42、 pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.27. (2018全国I) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 who showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all c

43、auses. 28. (2018浙江) The best part of the process is that theres enough room for improvement, that means youll just keep getting better and better.29. (2017天津改编) My eldest son, who work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.30. (2017全国II) In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. 【答案】21. who改为whose 22. what改为which 23.what改为that 24. what改为that/which 25. where改为when 26. which改为where或者which前加 in 27. who改为that/which 28. 第二个that改为which 29. who改为whose 30. that改为which