2022版高三英语人教版一轮总复习学案：1 语法 专题二 第7课　情态动词和虚拟语气 WORD版含答案.doc

1、第7课情态动词和虚拟语气 对应学生用书P231语法自测看高考怎么考单句语法填空1(2020天津卷改编)Jim says we can stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.2(2020江苏卷改编)If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I wouldnt be (be) where I am.3(2019天津卷改编)Paul did a great job in the speech contest.He must have practised (practice) ma

2、ny times last week.4(2019天津卷改编)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accomplished (accomplish) the task in half the time.5(2019江苏卷改编)What a pity！You missed the sightseeing, or we would have had (have) a good time together.6(2018北京卷改编)In todays information age, the loss of

3、data can cause serious problems for a company.7(2018北京卷改编)They might have found a better hotel if they had driven (drive) a few more kilometers.8(2018天津卷改编)If we had caught (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.9(2018江苏卷改编)Its strange that he should have tak

4、en the books without the owners permission.10(2018江苏卷改编)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had (have) a second chance to become more involved.要点突破知内容有哪些考点1情态动词 /1can/could和may/might的用法can/could表示能力，意为“能，会”；could表示过去的能力can可用于肯定句中，表示客观或理论上的可能性，意为“有时会”表示请求或允许。在疑问句中，could可以代替can，语气

5、更委婉，肯定回答时要用can，不用could表示说话者的主观推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句中。can比could语气强用于固定习语中：cant.too/enough (无论也不过分；越越好)；cant.but do sth.(不得不，只好)；cant help doing sth.(禁不住做某事)may/might表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。给予许可时用may，不用might表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句中。might比may语气弱表示祝愿，常用结构为：May主语动词原形用于固定短语中：may/might as well动词

6、原形(不妨，还是为好)；may/might well动词原形(很可能)2.must和have to的用法must多表示由于主观需要或责任感而有必要、有义务去做某事，意为“必须”。在回答带有must的问句时，否定式常用need not (neednt)或dont have to，而不是用must notmust用来表示推测，意为“一定”，只能用在肯定句中must表示“偏要，非要不可”。常用于疑问句和条件句中，偶尔也用于陈述句中mustnt表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”have to表示为客观条件、环境所迫而做某事，意为“不得不”3.shall和should，ought to的用法sha

7、ll用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话者征求对方的意见用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等用于条约、规定、法令、法律等文件中表示义务规定，意为“必须”续表should，ought toshould表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”should表示出乎意料、惊讶的口气，意为“竟然，居然”ought to表示义务、责任、劝告等，意为“应该”，比should语气略重should和ought to表示推测，指合乎理想的情况或结果，意为“按说应该”4.need和dare的用法need既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词；作情态动词时，表示“需要”，常用于否定句、疑问

8、句和条件句中。neednt表示“不必”；对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用must而不用need，作否定回答时用needntdare既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词；作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中5.will和would的用法will和would与各种人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示主语的意志、意愿或决心。will指现在，would指过去表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比will语气委婉表示习惯性动作、固有属性或必然趋势，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去6.“情态动词have done”的用法对过去发

9、生的事情或状态进行推测must have done sth.“(过去)一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句中may (might) have done sth.“(过去)可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定；用于肯定句和否定句中can (could) not have done sth.“(过去)不可能做某事”；用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定续表表示“与过去事实相反”could have done sth.(过去)本可以做某事但实际上没做neednt have done sth.(过去)本不必做某事但实际上做了ought to/should have done sth.

10、(过去)本应该做某事但实际上没做oughtnt to/shouldnt have done sth.(过去)本不应该做某事但实际上做了might have done sth.(过去)本可能做某事但实际上没做即时训练用适当的情态动词填空1I will never talk to him again，because he is always rude to others.2I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning.She couldnt have spoken at the meeting.3You could have done bette

11、r，but you didnt try your best.考点2虚拟语气 /1if条件句中的虚拟语气类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词例句对现在的虚拟过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might动词原形We would be back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。对过去的虚拟had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词If the new safety system had been put to use，the accident

12、would never have happened.要是新的安全系统被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。续表类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词例句对将来的虚拟should动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形If he shouldnt come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.如果他明天不来，我们就推迟这个会议。过去式(be用were)were to动词原形点拨如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，有时可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式，not不可提前。Were i

13、t not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.如果没有老师的帮助，这个学生克服不了她的困难。2错综时间条件句和含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气错综时间条件句当从句、主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所在的时间作出相应的调整We wouldnt be in such a difficult position if we had taken his advice.如果当时我们听从他的劝告，现在就不会处于这样困难的境地了。含蓄条件句有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而用b

14、ut for，without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison. 要不是托马斯爱迪生，我们现在受益的很多东西就不会存在。用连词otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气I was ill that day, otherwise I would have taken part in the discussion.那天我病了，否则我会参加讨论的。虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况but真实情况”I wou

15、ld be most glad to help you, but Im busy now.我倒是很乐意帮你的忙，但是我现在太忙了。3.其他从句中的虚拟语气(1)主语从句用法例句It is/was形容词(necessary, important, impossible, vital, advisable.)that从句It is vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously.至关重要的是，我们应该认真对待沿路的安全驾驶。It is/was过去分词(suggested，required，ordered

16、等表示提议、要求、命令等)that从句It is required that middle school students (should)take at least one hour exercise every day. 中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。It is/was名词(pity，regret，desire，rule.)that从句It is a pity that you (should) have to leave.真遗憾你非得走。(2)宾语从句用法例句在一坚持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三要求(require，demand，request)，

17、四建议(suggest，advise，propose，recommend)等后，用虚拟语气“(should)动词原形”He insisted that the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。wish后的从句用虚拟语气：对现在的虚拟：wish (that)过去式(be用were)对过去的虚拟：wish (that)had过去分词对将来的虚拟：wish (that) would/could/might 动词原形Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as we

18、ll as her.埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊。I wish that I had met that film star yesterday我真希望我昨天见到了那位电影明星。would rather后的从句用虚拟语气：对现在的虚拟：would rather过去式对过去的虚拟：would ratherhad过去分词对将来的虚拟：would rather过去式We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any long

19、er.我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但这是她的选择，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。(3)表语从句用法例句句子主语是表示“愿望”“劝告”“建议”“主张”“命令”“决定”等行为动词派生出来的同根名词时(suggestion, proposal, request, advice, desire, decision等)，从句用虚拟语气My desire is that we (should) not quarrel over such things again.我希望我们不要再为这样的事情争吵了。as if/though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句用虚拟语气：对现在的虚拟：as if/though过去式(

20、be用were)对过去的虚拟：as if/thoughhad过去分词对将来的虚拟：as if/though would/could/might动词原形It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？(4)同位语从句用法例句当表示“建议”“提议”“命令”“要求”等的名词作主语或宾语时(advice，decision, demand, desire，order等)，从句用虚拟语气“(should)动词原形”We agreed to the

21、order that the task (should) be completed at 5 oclock.我们同意这个命令，五点完成这项任务。(5)两个固定句式中的虚拟语气用法例句if only引导的条件句及感叹句：对现在的虚拟：if only过去式对过去的虚拟：if onlyhad过去分词对将来的虚拟：if only would/could/might动词原形Look at the troublewe are in.If only we had taken our teachers advice!看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！It is (high/about/ve

22、ry) time (that).句型中，从句谓语动词用过去式或“should动词原形”It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem.确实到了我们采取措施解决这个问题的时候了。点拨当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”之意时，其后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的微笑暗示着他对我们的工作很满意。The m

23、an insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个人坚持说他从来没有偷过钱。即时训练单句语法填空1If my brother were here，everything would be (be) all right.2The expression on his face suggested that he was (be) very angry.3I believe he must have had an accident；otherwise he would have arrived (arrive) on time.技巧点拨析典题如何考技巧情

24、态动词和虚拟语气解题“两注意” /1. 若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词。示例1I thank you enough for what you have done for me.Youre welcome.解析：cant/can not.enough表示“再也不为过”，符合句意。答案：cant2. 一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等，特别是注意虚拟语气中的时态。判断虚拟语气，除了常见的if虚拟条件句，还应注意其他常搭配虚拟语气的标志词， 如suggest，would rather，as if，wish，otherwise，or，but for等。示例2We took a taxi to the airport.Otherwise we (be) late.解析：根据语境可知，后一句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语应用would have been。答案：would have been