UNIT 6 EARTH FIRST ——2022-2023学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修二单元 基础训练 WORD版含解析.docx

1、Unit 6 Earth first 考试时间：90分钟 满分：120分第一部分 阅读理解（共两节,满分50分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。APOETRY CHALLENGE Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes 3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of t

2、hree winners,a parent and one other person of the winners choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart sign

3、ed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final flight.Rules Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your

4、 poem can be any format, any number of lines. Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date. Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.1.How many p

5、eople can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six.2.What will each of the honorable mention winners get?A.A plane ticket.B.A book by Corinne Szabo.C.A special T-shirt.D.A photo of Amelia Earhart.3.Which of the following will result in disqualification?A.Typing your p

6、oem out.B.Writing a poem of 120 words.C.Using both sides of the paper.D.Mailing your entry on October 30.B When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didnt cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to b

7、ring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free furunless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year, says Cree

8、McCree, project director of Righteous Fur. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month. Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. The eco

9、system down there cant handle this non-native species(物种). Its destroying the environment. Its them or us, says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field. The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like

10、crazy. Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur. Then there

11、s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York. Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to

12、 the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. Shes trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.1.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A.To promote guilt-free fur.B.To expand the fashion market.C.

13、To introduce a new brand.D.To celebrate a winter holiday.2.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B.Nutria are an endangered species.C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D.Nutria are illegally hunted.3.What does the underlined word collapsed in Paragraph 5

14、 probably mean?A.Boomed.B.Became mature.C.Remained stable.D.Crashed.4.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A.Its formal.B.Its risky.C.Its harmful.D.Its traditional.C Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrol

15、lably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? Its turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. Its depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teache

16、rs Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York. HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solutio

17、n. We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers, says Florence Gold, a project manager. There are no tests, Gordon says. There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than Are you working towards your goal? Basically, its Ive got to produce this

18、product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA. Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and.its not a very nice thing at time. Its a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact on college admissions and practical life skills. These kids are so

19、 absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I dont teach. And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.1.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A.They a

20、re hard to get rid of.B.They lead to air pollution.C.They appear in different forms.D.They damage the instruments.2.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B.To sharpen students communication skills.C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.D.To li

21、nk space technology with school education.3.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A.Check their product.B.Guide project designs.C.Adjust work schedules.D.Grade their homework.4.What is the best title for the text?A.NASA: The Home of Astronauts.B.Space: The Final Homework Fron

22、tier.C.Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.D.HUNCH: A College Admission Reform.D Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive dow

23、n the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at

24、 checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers arguments: many

25、cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recyeled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at the produc

26、t that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times

27、to be better for the planet than plastic. Environmentalists dont dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.S

28、top things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.2.What does the word headwinds in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag

29、makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic, Paper or NeitherB.Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Was

30、te Control第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Be a Green Child What does it mean to be green? Green is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment. Why green? Plants are green, and without them the Earth wouldnt be such a love

31、ly home to us human beings. What can we do? _ Reduce It! _For instance, a shorter shower means you use less water and less fuel since your house uses fuel to run the water heater that warms up the water. Reuse It! Sometimes people call our society a throwaway society. It means that were a little too

32、 willing to throw away old stuff(东西) and buy new stuff._ For instance, if your baby brother becomes older and loses interest in his plastic basketball hoop(篮圈), why not give it to another family who has a little kid? Recycle It! Recycling has never been easier. Many communities will pick it up right

33、 in front of your house and some towns even require it. Recycled goods go to a recycling center, where they can be turned into new cans, bottles, and paper. Enjoy It! Its true that rubbish and pollution are problems, but the Earth remains a huge and beautiful place that is ready for you to explore._

34、 Go for a hike, visit local nature centers and gardens, and climb up mountains. But before you travel the globe, take a look at your own backyard. Is there a spot where you could plant a tree or grow some fruit or vegetables? _A.Heres a four-step guide to being green.B.Many times, even if you no lon

35、ger need something, someone else just might.C.You can start locally by visiting the naturally beautiful spots in your city.D.Tum off the water when youre brushing your teeth.E.Get out there and get your hands dirty.F.You can watch with pride as your tree takes root and your plants grow well.G.When y

36、ou use less of something, you do a good thing for the Earth.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Which businesses are benefiting from COVID-19 pandemic(流行病)? The global crisis is hurting business but not all companies are losing money. Lets take a

37、look at some corporate 1 here. Now with more people working at home,2 for technology that enables3 group meetings has been growing rapidly. Shares in video conferencing company, Zoom, have risen by 50 percent since February.4 , demand for TV shows and movies to watch at home has5 so much that stream

38、ing services, Netflix and YouTube are reducing the quality of their streaming in Europe to6 pressure on the Internet. While7 also say they are busier than ever. Now sales at American retailer, Walmart, are up by almost a quarter. And millions are turning to online fitness classes and home workouts.

39、Shares in U. S. home gym8 supplier, Peloton, rose by 14 percent just last month. In the pharmaceutical sector, there will probably be some winners and gainers, depending on whos first to market with drugs to try to deal with this dreadful9 .How can companies 10 these changes, especially given this h

40、uge amount of uncertainty over just how long these lockdowns are going to last, and what sort of changes should companies consider as 11 ? Some of them are 12 that they are in the right place at the right time, like Zoom that many people maybe hadnt even heard of. 13 , everyone knows of it and most

41、people have the app on their phones at this point for video conferencing. They were just in the right place at the right time. Store retailers have to adapt very quickly to these changing trends and peoples shopping 14 .Businesses such as home deliveries, YouTubers, online fitness classes have also

42、increased rapidly. There are plenty of opportunities as long as old industries are ready to adapt to a changing 15 behavior.1.A.competitorsB.winnersC.ownersD.losers2.A.changeB.managementC.demandD.sales3.A.onlineB.dailyC.weeklyD.constantly4.A.ConsequentlyB.FortunatelyC.HoweverD.Similarly5.A.developed

43、B.soaredC.strengthenedD.balanced6.A.easeB.riseC.omitD.ignore7.A.parksB.cinemasC.supermarketsD.greengrocers8.A.equipmentB.scheduleC.helmetsD.shoes9.A.conditionsB.circumstancesC.situationD.times10.A.adapt toB.relate toC.apply toD.turn to11.A.successesB.prioritiesC.inferiorD.requirements12.A.doubtfulB.

44、skepticalC.fortunateD.awful13.A.As a resultB.All of a suddenC.For exampleD.As a matter of fact14.A.habitsB.listsC.centersD.trolleys15.A.communicationB.employmentC.paymentD.consumer第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land

45、 masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _ (poor) studied; however, biolo

46、gists calculate that there are about 20,000 -25 ,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _ (report) increases in

47、bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by _ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are _ (high) than they actually are. Of_ nineteen

48、 recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节 （满分15分）假定你是李华,十一假期你和你的父母一起外出游玩,你想将你的旅游经历与你的美国笔友Jack 分享,请根据以下要点给他写一封电子邮件。内容包括: 1.简述旅游经历; 2.你的感受和体会。注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Dear Jack, How is everyt

49、hing going?_Yours,Li Hua第二节 （满分25分）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 I have a friend named Monty Roberts who owns a horse ranch(养马场). He has let me use his house to put on fundraising events. The last time I was there he introduced me by saying, I want to tell you a story. It all go

50、es back to a story about a young man who was the son of an itinerant horse trainer who would go from stable to stable, race track to race track, farm to farm and ranch to ranch, training horses. As a result, the boys high school career was continually interrupted. When he was a senior, he was asked

51、to write a paper about what he wanted to be and do when he grew up. That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his goal of someday owning a horse ranch. He wrote about his dream in great detail and he even drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch, showing the location of all the buildings, the stab

52、les and the track. Then he drew a detailed floor plan for a 4,000-square-foot house that would sit on a 200-acre dream ranch. He put a great deal of his heart into the project and the next day he handed it in to his teacher. Two days later he received his paper back. On the front page was a large re

53、d F with a note that read, See me after class. The boy with the dream went to see that teacher after class and asked, Why did I receive an F? The teacher said, This is an unrealistic dream for a young boy like you. You have no money. You come from an itinerant family. You have no resources. Owning a

54、 horse ranch requires a lot of money. You have to buy the land. You have to pay for the original breeding stock and later youll have to pay large stud fees. Theres no way you could ever do it. Then the teacher added, If you will rewrite this paper with a more realistic goal, I will reconsider your g

55、rade.Paragraph 1 : The boy went home and thought about it long and hard. _Paragraph 2 : Monty then turned to the group and said,_答案以及解析第一部分 阅读理解第一节A.答案：1-3 ACB解析：1.细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice.可知, 每位特等奖获

56、奖者都可以带自己的父母中的一个人且可自选另一个人参加这次免费的旅行。故选A项。2.细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段可知, 每位荣誉奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤衫。故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.以及Write a poem using 100 words or fewer.可知, 所写的诗词数不能超过100。否则, 将会被取消资格。故选B项。B.答案：1-4 AADB解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态平衡造成了巨大的破坏

57、, 这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀的意图是推销无罪恶感的皮衣。故选A项。2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year以及第四段中的The ecosystem.Its destroying the environment.可以推断出因为海狸鼠破坏湿地进而破坏了环境, 所以科学家对它们很担心。故选A项。3.词义猜测题。根据画线词前的The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades可知, 几十年来, 毛皮贸易使海狸鼠(的数量)处于控制之下。根据画线词后的the cat-sized

58、animals multiplied like crazy可知, 这种猫大小的动物疯狂地繁殖。由此可推知, 20世纪80年代末海狸鼠市场瘫痪了。故选D项。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段佩奇摩根所说的话可推知, 在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B项。 C.答案：1-4.ADAB解析：1.推理判断题。本题题干意为:我们对国际空间站的细菌的了解有哪些?根据题干中的关键词bacteria in the International Space Station可定位至第一段。根据第一段中Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorg

59、anisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.可知,国际空间站的细菌非常难处理,所以选择A项。B:它们导致空气污染;C:它们以不同的形式出现;D:它们毁坏仪器。2.细节理解题。本题题干意为:HUNCH项目的目的是什么?第二段第一句HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA en

60、gineers.(HUNCH的设计目的是将高中教室与NASA的工程师联系在一起。)中的high school classrooms与D选项中的school education(学校教育)对应,NASA engineers与D选项中的space technology(空间技术)对应,故选D。A:为了加强师生关系;B:为了提升学生的交流技能;C:为了让学生体验失重。3.推理判断题。本题题干意为:NASA的工程师为参加此项目的学生做了些什么?根据题干中的NASA engineers do可定位至第三段的Engineers come and really do an in-person review,

61、 and. its not a very nice thing at times. Its a hard business review of your product,句中两次出现review(检查,审查),证明NASA的工程师做的事情就是对学生做出的研究结果进行检查,所以答案是A项。B:指导项目设计;C:调整工作时间表;D:给他们的作业打分。4.主旨大意题。本题题干意为:最适合本文的标题是什么?本文主要介绍HUNCH项目,这个项目是有关太空研究的,而且研究者都是高中生。根据以上要点可知,最佳选项是B项(Space: The Final Homework Frontier),Space对应太

62、空研究,Homework对应高中教育,Frontier(前沿)突出了这个项目的领先性。 D.答案：1-4 DADA解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的is defending an industry和第二段中的like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume可推知, Stein是一个为塑料业, 特别是支持塑料袋使用而发声的科学家, 故选D项。2.词义猜测题。根据第二段中的The bags are prohibited in some 90 cit

63、ies可知, 大约90个城市已经禁止使用塑料袋, 再根据画线词下文的内容可知, 画线词指代上文提到的禁止使用塑料袋, 故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知, 生产可重复使用的袋子会消耗更多的能源, 故选D项。4.标题判断题。根据最后一段中的Environmentalists dont dispute these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too并结合全文内容可知, 本

64、文主要讲述了塑料袋和可重复使用纸袋的利弊。故A项能很好地概括全文。 第二节答案：- AGBCF解析：根据空前It also means taking special steps to protect the environment.及What can we do?可知，绿色也意味着采取特别的措施保护环境，那么我们该做些什么呢？下文又介绍了环保的建议，因此本空需要一个承上启下的过渡句，故A项符合语境。根据空后For instance， a shorter shower means you use less water and less fuel可知，较短的淋浴时间意味着你用了更少的水和燃料，故G

65、项符合语境。根据空后For instance, if your baby brother becomes older and loses interest in his plastic basketball hoop(篮圈)， why not give it to another family who has a little kid?可知，如果你的小弟弟长大了，对塑料篮圈没了兴趣，为什么不把它送给另一个有小孩的家庭呢？故B项符合语境。根据空后Go for a hike， visit local nature centers and gardens, and climb up mountain

66、s.可知，去徒步，参观当地的自然中心和花园以及爬山。故C项符合语境。根据空前句可知，看一下你的院子里有没有地方种一棵树或种一些水果或蔬菜。本空承接上文，故F项符合语境。第二部分 语言知识运用第一节答案：1-5.BCADB; 6-10.ACACA; 11-15.BCBAD解析：1.根据前面的提示可知,并非所有的公司都在损失后面为我们介绍了一些企业赢家。答案为winners,和前面的lose形成对比,故选B。2.根据后面的提示demand for TV shows and movies to watch at home可知选C。3.根据前面的提示Now with more people worki

67、ng at home可知,人们都在家办公,使得在线办公的需求飙升,故选A。4.同样,在家观看电视节目和电影的需求激增。这一段都是说“宅经济”,所以空处表示“同样地”,故选D。5.需求飙升导致了流量媒体公司的压力。故选B。6.一些视频公司降低了在欧洲的视频画质,以缓解压力。ease做动词,意为“减轻,缓解”,故选A。7.疫情期间商超零售行业业绩也大涨,根据后面的Walmart可知此处为supermarkets,故选C。8.美国家庭健身器材供应商Peloton的股价仅上个月内就上涨了14%。运动鞋,运动头盔,运动日程都不符合语境,故选A。9.在制药领域,谁是大赢家这取决于谁是第一个向市场推广药物来

68、试图解决这一可怕的局面。前面的指示代词为this,后面的名词应为单数,故选C。10.这一段主要在讲各行各业都要应对不断变化的形势,所以要适应这种状态,故选A。11.在这种情况下,公司需要优先考虑哪些变化趋势?故选B。12.根据后面的提示以及例子可知,这些公司是非常“幸运的”,故选C。13.上文提到,以前人们都没有听说过Zoom,突然之间它就变得人人皆知了,而且在大部分人的手机上都下载了它的app。故选B。14.零售商们必须快速适应这些瞬息万变的趋势和人们的购物习惯。shopping habits购物习惯,这里说的是人们更多地转向了在线购物。故选A。15.此处指消费者的行为,故选D。 第二节答案

69、：that; poorly; of/for; to perform; have reported; belief; noting; higher; the; are解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须保护的现状。 考查同位语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导同位语从句,解释说明evidence的具体内容,从句中不缺少成分且意义完整,故用that引导。考查词性转换。修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。考查介词。a method of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语+be+adj.+不定式”结构,

70、不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语In recent years可判断用现在完成时,又因主语为复数,故填have reported。考查词性转换。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知,此处应填believe的名词形式belief(看法,信念)。考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时,应用其动名词形式。respond by doing sth.通过做某事回应。考查形容词的比较级。根据空格后的than可知,此处应用high的比较级形式higher。考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群,故用定冠词the。考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;six指代six pola

71、r bear subpopulations,谓语动词应用复数。第三部分 写作第一节答案： Dear Jack, How is everything going? Id like to share my travel experience with you. During the National Day, my parents and I paid a visit to Qingdao, a beautiful seaside city. On the early morning, we went to the beach and played on the sand. It was the

72、first time that we had seen the sea. In the afternoon, we visited Qingdao Underwater World. The next day, we climbed Mount Lao, where we got a good view of the whole city of Qingdao. Although the visit was short, we had a wonderful time and gained a lot from it.Yours,Li Hua第二节答案： Paragraph 1: The bo

73、y went home and thought about it long and hard. He asked his father for advice. His father said, Look, son, you have to make up your own mind on this very important decision. Finally, the boy handed in the same paper, making no changes at all. He stated, You can keep the F and Ill keep my dream.Para

74、graph 2: Monty then turned to the group and said, I tell you this story because you are sitting in my 4, 000-square-foot house in the middle of my 200-acre horse ranch. He added. The best part of the story is that two years ago that same teacher brought 30 kids to camp out on my ranch for a week. When the teacher was leaving, he said. Look, Monty, when I was your teacher, I was something of a dream stealer. Fortunately you had enough courage not to give up yours. So dont let anyone steal your dreams. Follow your heart, no matter what it is, Monty at last concluded.