江苏省如皋市2020-2021学年高二上学期教学质量调研（一）英语试题 WORD版含答案.doc

1、20202021学年度高二年级第一学期教学质量调研（一）英 语 试 题（考试时间：120分钟；试卷满分：150分）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Where does the conversation take place?A. In a restaurant.B. At home.C. In a hotel.2. How much shoul

2、d one pay for a dress if its normal price is $ 100?A. $ 100.B. $ 75.C. $ 50.3. What does the woman think of the price?A. Too low.B. Reasonable.C. Too high.4. What is the mans attitude toward the woman?A. Angry.B. Worried. C. Appreciative.5. Why does the woman learn Spanish?A. She will travel to Madr

3、id.B. She will study in Madrid. C. She will move to Madrid.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选岀最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给岀5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. Why is the woman upset?A. Her laptop broke.B. Her desktop computer broke. C. She broke her

4、 laptop.7. What will the woman probably do?A. Repair her laptop.B. Buy a desktop computer.C. Buy a new laptop.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Who got married?A. The mans sister.B. The womans sister.C. Bettys sister.9. What is Bettys dream?A. To find a man to marry.B. To be on top of the world.C. To find her true

5、love.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What does the woman need?A. A hand.B. A project.C. Some tape.11. What do we know about the two speakers?A. They are both busy.B. They do the same project.C. They need help each other.12. What does the man think is important?A. Getting out of hand.B. Staying in control.C. Ma

6、king good preparations.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. Where is Tom now?A. In the office.B. On the road.C. At a meeting.14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Neighbors.C. Boss and customer.15. What is the man late for?A. An interview.B. An appointment.C. A meeting.16. Who

7、will the man call next?A. Eric.B. Sue.C. Jacks.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What does the speaker mainly talk about?A. Ways to learn a language.B. The importance of English.C. The efficiency of regular study.18. How long do experts suggest studying every day?A. A few hours.B. 20 minutes.C. 30 minutes.19. W

8、hat is the recommended way to learn a language?A. One task at a time.B. Several tasks at a time.C. Learn grammar first.20. What will it lead to if one watches TV repeatedly?A. A good command of the language.B. Too much time wasted.C. Progress only in pronunciation.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.

9、5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AJourneyBrief IntroductionThe story is about a girl whos bored and cant get anyone in her family to play with her. She goes to her room feeling sad, but discovers a bright red crayon and decides to make her own adventure, and draws a door on the wall that

10、 takes her to a beautiful forest with a river. She draws a boat and sails to a city where men are trying to capture a bird. She bravely rescues the bird but finds herself captured and placed in a cage. The grateful bird helps her escape, and together they fly to safety and back to the city where the

11、 girl lives becoming close friends.More About the AuthorBom in Baltimore, Aaron Becker moved to California to attend Pomona College where he scored his first illustration job designing T - shirts. Since then, hes travelled to Kenya, Japan and Sweden backpacking around while feeding his imagination.M

12、ost Helpful Customer ReviewsBy Barb Mechalke on November 23This is a beautiful book and tells a story only with amazing and breathtaking illustrations.By Wulfstan on October 6It is not really meant for the toddlers(学步儿童), more for the imaginative grade -schooler.By Colby J Cuppernull on September 11

13、I read this book with my three and a half years old son last night. Tonight, when we read it again, new words will be used to give voice to the story told through the images.Product DetailsPrice: $10.46Age Range: 48 yearsHardcover: 40 pagesPublisher: Candlewick （August 6）Language: English21. What is

14、 the book Journey mainly about?A. A lonely girl who breaks into a wonderful and dangerous world.B. A story of a girl who earns a living by drawing doors on the wall.C. A beautiful girl with great courage, determination and kindness.D. An adventure of a girl who saves a bird in a real forest.22. Aaro

15、n Becker travelled around the world to find _.A. a collegeB. a jobC. creative inspirationD. something good to eat23. What can be inferred from the customer reviews?A. The book is suitable for children and adults as well.B. The book lacks a literal way of telling story.C. The book is sure to fuel chi

16、ldrens imagination with words.D. The book is interesting with beautiful words and illustrations.BAs more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world t

17、oday will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations UNESCO and National Geographic among them have for many years been documenting dying

18、 languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to t

19、he Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience of living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India ,

20、Nepal, Bhutan, and China . But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes which had remained unstudied and were bad

21、ly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project Turin has started a campaign to make such documents available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the m

22、aterials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.24. Many scholars are making efforts to _.A. promote global languagesB. rescue disappearing languagesC. searc

23、h for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations25. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to ?A. Having full records of the languages.B. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language users.D. Living with the native speaker.26. What is Turins book b

24、ased on?A. The cultural studies.B. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.27. Which of the following best describe Turins work?A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Collect, protect and reconnect.D. Design, experimen

25、t and report.CWhen we look at a lovely baby, a puppy or a really cute kitten, many of us want to squeeze it. Why is that?According to a study published in the journal Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, its a typical experience of “cute aggression”. The experience results from the fight between th

26、e brains “emotion system”, which impels (驱使) people to squeeze cute things, and its “reward system” which deals with feelings of “wanting”.In the study, 54 participants between the ages of 18 and 40 were presented with four groups of photos. Two of the groups of photos were of cute human babies and

27、animals and the other two were of less adorable adult humans and animals. As the participants looked at the photos, there searchers watched their brain activities.According to the researchers, the participants reward systems were found to be active as they looked at the cute babies, and they seemed

28、to be overwhelmed. By contrast, the reward systems of the people looking at the less cute adults were found to be inactive, and they seemed to be less impelled by their reward systems.This suggests that cute things activate their emotion systems in such a way that people are overwhelmed by the exper

29、ience of cuteness. But reward systems work against these emotions by creating the desire to protect cute things.As Katherine Stavropoulos, the lead researcher of this study at the University of California in the US told Science Alert, “The cute aggression is the brains way of bringing us back down b

30、y balancing our feelings of being overwhelmed.”Stavropoulos compared this process of balancing to an evolutionary adaptation. Such an adaptation may have taken place to ensure that people are able to continue taking care of creatures they consider particularly cute.So, although cute babies and adora

31、ble animals may look completely helpless, their vulnerable appearance may in fact help them to survive.28. What is “cute aggression” according to the text?A. The emotion of wanting to protect cute things.B. The task of emotion system and reward system.C. The adaptation of consistently taking care of

32、 cute creatures.D. The behavior of squeezing a cute baby or animal when seeing it.29. What leads to “cute aggression” in nature?A. The need of the brain to balance all feelings.B. The photos of cute human babies and animals.C. The vulnerable appearance of babies or animals.D. The conflict between em

33、otion system and reward system.30. What can we learn about the study?A. Facial expressions of the participants were observed.B. Katherine Stavropoulos conducted this study on her own.C. Cute babies and animals affected brain activities of all the participants.D. The participants were divided into tw

34、o groups in order to make comparison.31. What is the authors purpose of writing this text?A. To persuade readers to protect cute animals.B. To stress the significance of cute aggression.C. To present research findings on cute aggression.D. To share an interesting phenomenon with readers.DWhile the h

35、uman world is suffering from the novel coronavirus outbreak, our planet is actually showing certain signs of “recovery” from the damage caused by human activity. According to the BBC, new satellite images released by the European Space Agency showed that levels of air pollutants and greenhouse gases

36、 have “fallen sharply” in major cities in Europe and the United States ever since the lockdown(活动限制) started.This is what happened after recent discoveries in Antarctica. An international team of 89 scientists found that the ice in Greenland and Antarctica is melting six times faster in the 2010s th

37、an it was in the 1990s. And in February, Argentinas Marambio research station in Antarctica recorded a record high temperature of 20.75 on the continent.So what exactly will happen if the temperature keeps rising and the ice keeps melting? A third study might give you an idea. A team of scientists d

38、rilled a hole into the seafloor in west Antarctica and extracted material from underground, in which they found traces of roots, spores and pollentypical products of a rainforestthat dated back 90 million years ago. In other words, Antarctica was very likely a rainforest back when the dinosaurs walk

39、ed on Earth. But given the fact that the South Pole has four months of darkness during wintereven millions of years agoscientists believe that the rainforest could only exist if the greenhouse gas concentrations were extremely high back then to keep the continent warm when there was little or no sun

40、light.“We didnt know that this Cretaceous (白垩纪的) greenhouse climate was that extreme,” Johann Klages of the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany and a co-author of the research told the Guardian. “It shows us what carbon dioxide is able to do.”Ice or no ice, Antarctica will beand has always beenfine

41、with extreme changes. The human world, however, may not be.Now, during the coronavirus lockdown, weve seen the changes resulting from less human activity. Hopefully, well hold on to those changesnot for Antarctica or the planet, but for ourselves.32. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A. The novel

42、 coronavirus outbreak in fact resulted from human activity.B. The novel coronavirus proves to have a positive effect on the human beings.C. The lockdown of major cities contributed to the decrease of greenhouse gases.D. Our planet is returning to its original state due to the novel coronavirus outbr

43、eak.33. What do we learn from the third study?A. Typical products of a rainforest were dug out in Antarctica.B. Traces of dinosaurs living in rainforests were spotted in Antarctica.C. There used to be enough sunlight for the rainforest in the Cretaceous Antarctica.D. There was a good possibility of

44、high greenhouse gas concentrations in Antarctica.34. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain the effects of greenhouse gases.B. To draw our attention to the ecosystem in Antarctica.C. To call on us to reduce human impact on the environment.D. To encourage all of us to defeat the novel

45、coronavirus bravely. 35. What can be the suitable title for the passage?A. The ice is melting faster in AntarcticaC. Slowing down global warming by lockdownB. The extreme greenhouse climate in the period of Cretaceous D. Reducing human activity contributes to our planets recovery第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分1

46、2.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Your brain lies to you a lot. Were sorry to have to tell you this but its true. Even when your brain is doing important and difficult stuff, youre not aware of most of whats going on. _36_ For the most part, its doing a great job, working hard to help y

47、ou survive and achieve your goals in a complicated world. Because you often have to react quickly to emergencies and opportunities, your brain usually tries to get a simple answer in a hurry rather than a prefect answer that takes time to work out. But as the world is not simple, this means that you

48、r brain has to take shortcuts and make a lot of assumptions. _37_ The problem starts when the brain takes in information from the world through the senses. Even if you are sitting quietly in a room, your brain receives far more information than it can hold on to or than you need to decide how to act

49、. You may be aware of the detailed pattern of colours in the rug, the photographs on the wall and the sounds of birds outside. _38_ Usually these things arent important so we dont often notice how much information we lose. When people look at complicated pictures, they can identify differences if th

50、e images remain still. But if the image moves quickly, then they have a lot more trouble. _39_ To test this, psychologists have tried more interesting ways of getting people to fail to notice things. In one of our favorites, a researcher approaches someone on the street and asks for directions. Whil

51、e the person is replying, workmen carry a large door between the two people, blocking their view of each other. Behind the cover of the door, the person who asked for directions is replaced by another researcher who carries on the conversation as if nothing had happened. Even when the second person

52、looks very different from the first, the person giving the directions has only about a fifty per cent chance of noticing the change. _40_A. Your brains lies are in your best interestmost of the timebut they also lead to predictable mistakes.B. This is because we imagine that we remember more details

53、 than we really can.C. The experiments illustrate that you perceive only a little bit of whats going on in the world.D. Your brain selectively processes details that are important for you to notice.E. Your brain perceives many other aspects of the scene initially but quickly forgets them.F. This hap

54、pens because our visual memory isnt very good.G. Your brain doesnt intend to lie to you, of course.第三部分语言知识运用(共三节，满分30分)第一节完形填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A store owner was hanginga sign thatread“PuppiesFor Sale.” Signs like that have a way of _41_ small children

55、andsure enough, a little boy appeared. “For how much are you going to sell the puppies?” he asked. “For _42_ between $30-$50.” the store owner replied.The little boyreachedin his pocket and pulled out some_43_ . “I have $2.37,” he said. “May I please _44_ them?” The store owner smiled and _45_. Out

56、of thekennelcame fivetinyballs of fur. One puppy waslagging_46_behind.Immediately the little boy_47_thelimping(跛)puppy. “That is the one I want to buy.” the boy said _48_. The store owner said: “No, you dont have to _49_ that little dog. I can just give him to you.”The little boy gotquite _50_. He l

57、ooked into the store owners eyes,pointinghis finger at him, and said, “That dog is _51_every bitof the full price.Ill give you $2.37 now, and 50 centsa month_52_ I have paid for him.” But the store owner objected. _53_, the little boy rolled upthe left part of his pants toreveal atwisted,crippled_54

58、_. “I dont run so good myself, and the little puppy will need someone who _55_!”41. A. teasing B. amusing C. attracting D. instructing 42. A. anything B. something C. anyhow D. somehow 43. A. cheque B. tips C. phone D. change 44. A. look after B. look at C. look around D. look into 45. A. burstB. ye

59、lled C. whistled D. howled 46. A. considerably B. initially C. directly D. vividly 47. A. drove away B. took away C. picked out D. gave out 48. A. sorrowfully B. excitedly C. unexpectedly D. slightly 49. A. attain B. adopt C. hug D. buy 50. A. mature B. upset C. uncertain D. angry 51. A. deserving B

60、. valuable C. worth D. paid52. A. when B. until C. after D. unless53. A. In response B. In effect C. At length D. At last54. A. muscle B. leg C. arm D. back55. A. accompanies B. advocates C. bears D. understands第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In the past few years, quite a nu

61、mber of men and women _56_ (choose) to do something less competitive. They are afraid that the stress of work robs them _57_ joy and happiness and bring them harm both physically and mentally.In fact, however, stress isnt such a bad thing _58_ it is often supposed to be. Above all, _59_ it gets out

62、of control, a certain amount of stress is important as it provides motivation and challenge, and purpose to _60_ otherwise meaningless, idle life. In addition, people under stress tend to express their full range of potential _61_realize their own personal worth the very aim of a human life. Last bu

63、t not least, research has showed that, _62_ (actual), modest amounts of stress can _63_(strong) the immune system and be good for health.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way _64_ (escape). Developing our adaptive ability to deal with stress can prevent us from _65_ (defeat)

64、by the competitive society.第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，你和外教Susan原本约定的于本周日上午去民俗博物馆观看中国剪纸艺术展，但因故不能赴约。请给她写一封email，内容包括：1. 表示歉意；2. 说明原因；3. 另约时间陪同。注意：1. 词数100左右，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3、恰当运用1-2个非谓语动词和相关从句。Dear Susan,_ Yours,Li Hua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。While w

65、aiting to pick up a friend at the airport in Portland, Oregon, I had one of those life-changing experiencesthat you hear other people talk about the kind thatsneaks up on youunexpectedly. This one occurred a mere two feet away from me.Locating my friend among the passengers, I noticed a man coming t

66、oward me carrying two light bags. He stopped right next to me to greet his family. First hemotionedto his youngest son (maybe six years old) as helaid downhis bags. They gave each other a long, loving hug. As they separated enough tolook in each others face, I heard the father say, “Its so good to s

67、ee you, son. I missed you so much!” His son smiled somewhat shyly,and replied softly, “Me, too, Dad!”While this was happening, a baby girl (perhaps one or one-and-a-half) wassquirming excitedly in her mothers arms,never once taking her little eyes offthe wonderful sight of her returning father. The

68、man said, “Hi, baby girl!” as he gently took the child from her mother. He quickly kissed her face all over and then held her close to his chest while rockingher from side to side. The little girl instantly relaxed and simply laid her head on his shoulder,motionlessinpure contentment.After several m

69、oments, hehanded his daughter tohis oldest son anddeclared, “Ive saved the best for last!” andproceededto give his wife the longest, most passionate kiss I ever remember seeing. He gazed into her eyes for several seconds and then silently mouthed. “I love you so much!” They stared at each others eye

70、s, beaming big smiles at one another, while holding both hands.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答； 3.恰当运用1-2个非谓语动词和相关从句。For an instant they reminded me ofnewlyweds, but_“Married twelve years.” he replied,without breaking his gazefrom his lovely wifes face. _202010高二年级英语第一次调研考试参考答案第一部分 听力（共20题 30分

71、每题1.5分）听力 1 5 ABCBA 6 10 ABBCC 11 15 ABBAC16 20 CACBA 第二部分 阅读理解（含7选5 共20题 满分50分 每题2.5分）21-23 ACB 24-27 BADC 28-31 DDCC 32-35 CDCD36-40 GDEFC第三部分 语言运用（满分30分）第一节 完形填空（共15题 满分15分 每题1分）41-45 CADBC 46-50 ACBDB 51-55 CBABD 第二节 语法填空（共10题 满分15分 每题1.5分）56. have chosen 57. of 58. as 59. unless 60. an 61. and

72、62. actually 63. strengthen 64. to escape 65. being defeated第四部分 写作（满分40分）第一节 应用文（满分15分）Dear Susan,Im sorry to say that I cannot attend the Chinese paper-cutting show in the Folk Art Museum on Sunday morning as I promised. Im writing to express my sincere apology to you.The reason why I will not be

73、available is that my uncle is coming from American on Sunday morning. So my family are going to the airport to meet him, then we will have a family dinner together. I think we can enjoy the show on Sunday afternoon if it is convenient to you. I hope this change will not bring you too much trouble.I

74、m looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua 第二节 读后续写（满分25分）For an instant they reminded me ofnewlyweds, but I knew by the age of their kids that they couldnt possibly be. I puzzled about it for a moment then realized how totally focusedI was on the wonderfuldisplayofunconditionallove not more

75、 thanan arms lengthaway from me. I suddenly felt uncomfortable, as if I wasinvadingsomething sacred, but was amazed to hear my own voice nervously ask, “Wow! How long have you two been married?“Married twelve years.” he replied,without breaking his gazefrom his lovely wifes face. “Well, how long hav

76、e you been away?” I asked. The man finally turned and looked at me, still beaming hisjoyoussmile. “Two whole days!” I wasstunned. “I hope my marriage is still that passionate after twelve years!” The man suddenly stopped smiling. He looked me straight in the eye and told me something that left me a

77、different person. “Dont hope, friend decide!”听力材料Text 1M: What do you think of the food, Tina?W: I love the salad. I used to throw away salad, but now I eat it all.Text 2W: There is a sale at the store and all the clothes are 25 percent off.W: Lets go there after work this afternoon.Text 3W: These s

78、hoes are nice. How much do they cost?M: They cost $ 250.W: What? Theyre not that nice!Text 4W: I have decided on a topic for my graduate paper, but havent actually started it.M : You are late. Im afraid you dont have enough time to complete the paper.Text 5M : I heard you are taking a Spanish class

79、at the community college.W : Yes, Im going to Madrid next spring and I thought knowing a little Spanish would make the trip easier.Text 6M : Hi, Linda. How are you?W: Im a little upset.M : Oh, no. Whats wrong?W : My laptop broke this morning.M : Oh, dear. Will you get it repaired or get a new one?W

80、: I havent decided yet. But I actually want a desktop computer.M: Why?W : Well, my laptops battery didnt last very long, and desktop computers always have power.Text 7M : Hello, Chuck! You didnt show up the whole day yesterday. Where had you been?W : I went to attend my sisters wedding ceremony.M :

81、You mean Betty?W : Yeah, after waiting for so many years, she finally got married!M : I know. She has been trying to find her true love.W : Well, yesterday she achieved her dream. The bridegroom is a handsome and promising young man.M : Wow, so she must have been on cloud nine yesterday!W: Yeah. she

82、 was on top of the world.Text 8M : What are you working on, Susie?W : Im working on a project.M: Can I lend you a hand?W: No. But I need some tape. Do you have any on hand?M: Yes, I do.W: Great, thanks. I need to finish this tomorrow.M: Youre very busy this week.W: I am. I also have visitors coming.

83、 I need to prepare for them.M: Wow, you have your hands full.W: I know. I need to be more organized.M: Me too.W: Do you feel things get out of hand sometimes?M: Yeah, sometimes.W: I do, too. But its important to stay in control.Text 9M: Sue. Its Tom. Im stuck in traffic. Im on the highway and theres

84、 an accident. The exit is blocked. Im going to try another route. It is raining very hard and I dont know what to do.W: Okay, Tom, calm down. Just drive slowly and be careful.M: Okay, I will. I dont think Im going to make it to the meeting on time.W: Thats okay. What would you like to do?M: I guess

85、you can hold it without me and talk about the things I was going to discuss.W: Well, I dont know if Im very comfortable covering your topics because I dont know them very well. M: What else can I do?W: Did you talk to Eric?M: I couldnt get hold of him.W: Did you ask to speak to his secretary Jacks?M

86、: No. Ill try that. Ill call you back.Text 10Learning a new language like English can be a challenge, but with regular study it can be done. Classes are important, but so is disciplined practice. It can even be fun. Here are some guidelines to help you improve your reading and comprehension skills a

87、nd become a better English student.Learning any new language is a time-consuming process. Rather than try a few hours of review in once or twice a week, most experts say short, regular study sessions are more effective. As little as 30 minutes a day can help you improve your English skills overtime.

88、 Instead of focus on one single task for an entire study session, try mixing things up. Study a little grammar,then do a short listening exercise, then perhaps read an article on the same topic. Dont do too much. 20 minutes on three different exercises is plenty. The variety will keep you engaged an

89、d make studying more fun.Reading English-language newspapers and books, listening to music, or watching TV can also help you improve your written and verbal comprehension skills. By doing so repeatedly, you will begin to unconsciously absorb things like pronunciation, speech patterns, accents and grammar.