2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语美国文化外刊[13]政府部门（含注解与翻译）.docx

1、2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语美国文化外刊13（含翻译与重点词汇短语注解）Name onebranchor part of the government列举一个政府部门 branch政府或机构的部门a part of a government or other organization that deals with one particular part of its workAllbranchesof government are having to cut costs.所有政府部门都要削减开支。Answer:Congress/legislative; President/executive

2、; The courts/judicial国会/立法部门；总统/行政部门；法院/司法部门 legislative/ldsletv/ adj. 立法的 the executive政府的行政部门the part of a government that makes sure decisions and laws work well judicial/ddl/法庭的；法官的；裁决的relating to the law, judges, or their decisionsthejudicialsystem 司法系统Explanation:The United States government i

3、s divided into threebranches(or parts), and all three shareequal(or the same) amounts of power. The easiest way to understand thedivisions(or parts) of American government is to think of the government as a tree, with threebranchesof the same size growing from thetrunk(or the base, which is the bigg

4、est part of the tree). The government wasset upthis way in theConstitutionbythe Founding Fathers, so that no one branch of government would be able to haveabsolutepower (or total control)overanother.美国政府分为三个部门，它们享有同等的权力。理解美国政府部门最简单的方法是把政府看成是一棵树，树的主干生长出三根同样大小的树叉。开国元勋撰写的宪法规定以这种方式设立政府因此没有哪个政府部门能够完全控制另外

5、一个政府部门。 division（某物被分成的）部分each of the parts into which something is dividedthe maindivisionsof the book这本书的主要部分 trunk/trk/ n. 树干 set up建立 Constitution宪法 the Founding Fathers开国元勋 absolute/bsljut/完全的；纯粹的complete or totalI haveabsoluteconfidence in her.我对她充满信心。The first of the three branches of governm

6、ent isCongress, which is also known as thelegislative branch.Legislativeis another word forlawmaking, so Congress is the branch that makes and passes (or approves) laws. Congress also has the power to control how the government spends its money, known asappropriations. The legislative branch is loca

7、ted in the U.S.Capitolbuilding, a famous building with adomeroof (or round top) in Washington, D.C.三个政府部门中的第一个是国会，又称为立法机构。“Legislative”是另一个表示“立法”的词，因此国会是制定和通过法律的政府机构。国会还控制政府的预算，也就是拨款。立法机构坐落于美国国会大厦，它是首都华盛顿著名的圆屋顶建筑物。 Congress/kgres/ 国会 lawmaking/l:,meiki/ n. 立法 appropriation/prpren/ n 拨款the process of

8、 saving money for a special purpose, or the money that is saved, especially by a business or governmenttheappropriationof $2 million for the new hospital用于新医院的二百万美元拨款 the Capitol/kptl/美国国会大厦the building in Washington D.C. where the US Congress meets dome/dm/圆屋顶；穹顶a roof shaped like the top half of a

9、 ballthe hugedomeof St Paul s Cathedral圣保罗大教堂的巨大穹顶The second branch is the executive branch, which is the president of the United States.Executivemeans leader, so it is the presidents job to lead the country and itsmilitary(or the people and organizations who fight for a country, usually to protect

10、it). Thevice president, the presidentstopadvisor(or most trusted guide), is also an important part of the executive branch. The president lives and works inthe White House, which is also located in Washington, D.C. The executive branch also includes all of thedepartments, agencies, and government or

11、ganizations that helpcarry outorput into practicethe laws of the United States.第二个部门是行政部门，也就是美国总统。“Executive”是“领导人”的意思，因此总统的职责就是领导国家和军队（或者说是为国而战，保家卫国的人和组织）。副总统，总统的最高顾问（或者说最受信任的指导者），也是行政部门的重要组成部分。总统在白宫生活和工作，它也坐落于首都华盛顿。行政部门还包括所有帮助执行美国法律的部门、机构和政府组织。 executive/gzekjtv/（企业或其他组织中的）行政主管，经理a senior manager

12、in a business or other organizationa meeting with some of the company s topexecutives与公司一些高层主管的会晤 military/mltr/ 军队 vice president副总统 advisor/dvaiz/ n. 顾问 the White House白宫 department/dptm()nt/ 部门 carry out实施 put sth into practice把.付诸于实践The third branch of government is thejudicial(or legal) branch,

13、 also known asthe courts.The Supreme Courtin Washington, D.C. is the highest or most powerful court in thejudicialbranch,but there are also many smallerfederal(or national) courts.All of these courtsinterpret(or decide how to understand) and explain the laws passed by Congress.第三个政府部门是司法机构，又称为法院。首都华

14、盛顿的最高法院是最强大的司法机构，不过美国还有许多较小的联邦法院。所有这些法院都能诠释国会通过的法律。 the Supreme Court最高法院 federalcourt联邦法院 interpret/ntprt/解释，阐释to explain the meaning of somethingFreuds attempts tointerpretthe meaning of dreams弗洛伊德解释梦的含义的尝试Each division of the governmentholdsseparate and different powers,but the three branches are all part of the same tree and are all necessary for making sure that the United States system of government continues to work.每个政府部门掌握独立和不同的权力，但三根树枝同源，它们都是确保美国政府体系持续运作的必要部分。 holdto have somethingShe is the first woman toholdthis post.她是第一个担任这一职务的女性。