2021届高考英语（统考版）二轮备考提升指导与精练3 虚拟语气 WORD版含解析.docx

1、优培3虚拟语气真题在线1.（2020江苏卷单项选择）If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I _where I am.A. wont beB. wouldnt have beenC. wouldnt beD. shouldnt have been【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。2.（2019天津卷单项选择）T

2、he workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.A. accomplished B. had accomplishedC. would accomplish D. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为，从句：If+主语+过去完成时+

3、其他，主句：主语+should(would/could/might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。3.（2019江苏卷单项选择）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _ a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为，从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(wou

4、ld, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。4.（2018北京卷单项选择）They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。5.（2018天津卷单项选择）If we _ the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.A.

5、had caught B. caughtC. have caught D. would catch【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。6.（2018天津卷单项选择）Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I _able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt been B. wouldnt have beenC. werent D. wouldnt be【答案】B【解析】由yesterday可知，与过去事实相反，otherwise相当于if I hadn

6、t had Bettys number，其后的句子相当于主句，谓语动词用wouldnt have done。7.（2018江苏卷单项选择）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved. A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，这里表示将来的愿望，谓语动词用一般过去时。8.（2018江苏卷单项选择）Its strange that he _ have taken t

7、he books without the owners permission.A. would B. should C. couldD. might【答案】B【解析】在“It is/was +形容词+that从句”中，that从句用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟。这里表示“竟然”，should不能省略。提分训练一、单项选择1. Without your encouragement and support, we .A.should not succeedB. would not succeed C.would have succeeded D.would not have succeede

8、d【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有你们的鼓励和支持，我们就不会成功。根据前半句可知，为虚拟语气。结合句意可知，是对过去的虚拟，用would have done的否定形式。故选D。2. We for the spring outing last week, if it had not been for the thick fog.A. would have gone B. must have gone C. need have goneD. can have gone【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是大雾，我们上星期就去春游了。本句是由if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从

9、句用过去完成时（had done），主句用would/could/might have done（本来会做），应用would have gone，故选A项。3. What a relief! We would be still waiting anxiously in the classroom to bring an umbrella with you.A. should you forget B. had you forgottenC.you should forgetD. you had forgotten【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真是松了一口气！如果你忘了带雨伞，我们还在教

10、室里焦急地等着。本句是省略if引导的错综时间虚拟语气句，还原句子为：We would be still waiting anxiously in the classroom if you had forgotten to bring an umbrella with you。“一直等”这个动作发生在现在，表示现在的情况，所以主句谓语用would+动词原形，“忘记”这个动作发生在过去，表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语应用过去完成时（had done），在虚拟语气中，若有had/were/should等助动词，可将其提到句首，省略if变成为倒装句式，即had you forgotten to brin

11、g an umbrella with you，故选B项。4. It is highly recommended that the general public one-metre social distance to avoid any possible risk of getting infected.A. keepB. will keepC. must keepD. keeps【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：强烈建议公众保持一米的社交距离，避免任何可能的感染风险。recommend表示建议，后面的主语从句中的谓语动词，要用should加动词原形，should可以被省略。故选A。5.

12、They advocate the proposal we were opposed rediscussed at the next meetingA. to beB. should be C. to was D. was【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他们建议我们反对的那个提议在下次会议上被讨论。本题中的动词advocate后面的宾语从句要使用should+动词原形的虚拟语气，should可以省略。本题中还有一个定语从句we were opposed to用来修饰前面的名词proposal。故A选项正确。6. It was John who broke the window. Why

13、are you talking to me as if I it?A. had doneB. have done C. did D. am doing【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：John打破了窗户，为什么你对我说话的语气好像是我打破了窗户似的？题中broke表明打破窗户发生在过去。as if/though后面的引导的从句用had done表示对过去的虚拟。故A项正确。7. Jack wasnt saving anything, but the teacher smiled at him he had done something very clever.A. as if B. in

14、case C. while D. though【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。句意：Jack什么也没说，但老师向他笑了笑，好像他做了什么聪明的事情一样。A. as if：好像；B. in case：以防；C. while：当的时候；D. though：尽管。根据句意，空格处需要填入“好像，仿佛”。故选A。8. Dont blame the boy. He only made a mistake which others on such an occasion.A. will make B. would makeC. were to makeD. would have made【答案】D【解析】

15、考查情态动词+have done。句意：不要怪那个小男孩，他只是犯了一个其他人在这种情况下也会犯的错误。根据句意，是小男孩犯了错误，其他人并没有犯这种错误，此处要用虚拟语气，且这个是对过去发生的事情的虚拟，would have done表示对过去事情的假设，所以空格处要用情态动词加have done结构，选D项。9. Robert remained depressed at home before his school reopened.If only the new term for the virus.A. were not delayed B. would not be delayed

16、C. had not been delayed D. were not to be delayed【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：罗伯特在复学前一直在家闷闷不乐。要是新学期没有因病毒而推迟就好了。If only要用虚拟语气。结合句意，前文出现过去式remained，因此If only表示对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时（had done）。故选C项。10. If she _ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.A. had been B. were C. would be

17、D. was【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。从句首的if（如果）与主句的would have done（早就做）可判断是虚拟语气，并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设，所以if从句用一般过去式，be动词要用were。虚拟语气中，be动词的一般过去时只能用were不能用was，故选B。11. The bus would not have run into the river _ for the bad-tempered lady.A. if it were not B. had it not beenC. if it would not be D. should it not be【答

18、案】B【解析】考查if从句的虚拟语气。句意：要不是那位坏脾气的女士，公共汽车是不会掉进河里的。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时态，从句中有had则if省略，把助动词had提到主语前面，故选B。12. You didnt let me drive. If we _ by turns, you _ so tired.A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你当时不让我开车

19、，如果我们轮流开车的话，你就不会这么累了。根据You didnt let me drive判断此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句要用过去完成时，主句用wouldnt have done结构，故D项正确。13. If it had not been for the heroes contributions and sacrifices, we _ such a happy life.A. wouldnt have led B. wouldnt be leadingC. havent led D. are not leading【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是英雄们的贡献和牺牲，我们

20、现在不会过着幸福的生活。从句与过去事实相反，谓语用had done结构；主句与现在事实相反，谓语应用would+动词原形结构，故选B项。14. I felt like giving up. I probably _ but my dad whispered, “Come on! You can make it.”A. would have B. would C. should D. should have【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我想要放弃。我可能已经放弃了，但是我父亲低声说道，“加油！你能成功的。”根据I felt like giving up可知，我过去想要放弃，但是在父亲的鼓

21、励下，我并没有放弃，即本想要做某事而没有做，应用would have done，句中用了省略形式，完整句子为I probably would have given up.故选A项。15. If she _ make such a simple wish as not to be teased for disability last Christmas, Amy would still feel lonely now.A. had dared not B. hadnt dared toC. dared not D. didnt dare to【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果Amy在去年

22、的圣诞节不敢许下如此简单的愿望不因为残疾而被嘲笑，她现在仍然会感到孤独。根据last Christmas可知，从句与过去事实相反，应用had done结构dare作为实意动词的固定用法为dare to do sth.，故选B项。二、单句语法填空1. If only he(lie）quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldnt suffer so much now.【答案】had lain【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是他能像医生嘱咐的那样静静地躺着，他现在就不会那么痛苦了。本句为If only句型，表示“要是就好了”，根据后文“he wouldnt s

23、uffer so much now.”可知表示与过去事实相反的假设，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），故填had lain。2. If (study) hard in the past few weeks, I would pass the exam easily tomorrow.【答案】had studied【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我在过去的几个星期里努力学习，我明天就会轻松地通过考试。分析句意，这是一个错综条件句的虚拟，从句部分表示和过去相反，主句表示和将来相反。根据非真实条件句的要求，从句与过去相反时，从句的动词用had done的形式表达。本题的从句有

24、表示过去时的时间状语in the past few weeks，故此处应表达和过去相反，故填had studied。3. I would appreciate it if I (offer) an opportunity to display my talent.【答案】were offered【解析】考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：如果能给我一个施展才华的机会，我将不胜感激。对现在情况的虚拟，从句：if+主语+动词的过去式（be变were）+其他；主句：主语+would（should，could，might）+动词原形+其他，“我”和提供一个机会之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填were offe

25、red。4. What (will) you do if you won the 1ottery?【答案】would【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你赢了彩票你将做什么？由if引导的非真实条件句使用了虚拟语气可知，主句也用虚拟语气，表示与将来事实相反，主句用would+动词原形，故填would。5. The manager insisted that the new employee (train) first.【答案】(should) be trained【解析】考查虚拟语气及被动语态。句意：经理坚持要先对新雇员进行培训。分析句子，在名词性从句中，若insisted译为“坚持要求”时，从句部

26、分用（should）+do表示虚拟。根据题意，此处insisted译为“坚持要求”，且从句的逻辑主语和提示词之间表示被动关系。综合分析，故填（should）be trained。6. The manager gave his command that measures (take) immediately to correct all the mistakes made in marketing.【答案】be taken【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：经理下令立即采取措施纠正市场营销中所犯的错误。that引导的是一个同位语从句，解释说明前面的抽象名词command，command意为“命令”，其后

27、的同位语从句用should+动词原形，should可以被省略的虚拟语气，在同位语从句中，measures和take之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填be taken。7. But for the teachers help, I (fail) in the exam last week.【答案】would have failed【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是老师的帮助，我上一周的考试就会不及格。But for意为“如果不是，要不是”，与虚拟语气连用。根据时间状语last week可知，是对过去情况的虚拟，主句谓语动词用would have done，故填would have failed。

28、8. Its time that you (collect) your daughter from the school.【答案】collected/should collect【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你就该去学校接你女儿了。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型Its time that.意为：是的时候了。It为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，表示该做某事了，但实际上并没做，故that后从句部分应用虚拟语气，谓语动词可为两种形式，第一种为一般过去时，这时动词需用过去式形式，故空格处应填collected，第二种为“should+动词原形”，这时should一般不省略，故空格处也可填sh

29、ould collect，故填collected/should collect。9. Its high time we (destroy) the old world and build a new one.【答案】destroyed/should destroy【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：现在是时候摧毁旧世界并建立一个新世界了。It is(high) time that句型中，that后从句的谓语动词要使用过去式或should加动词原形，但should不可省略。故填destroyed/should destroy。10. I _(go）through the hard times but f

30、or my teachers generous and timely help.【答案】couldnt have gone【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是老师慷慨而及时的帮助，我不可能熬过那段艰难的岁月。根据句意可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为couldnt have gone，本句中的but for相当于if it hadnt been for。11. It might have saved me some trouble _(know) the schedule.【答案】had I known【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我知道安排的话，可能会省一些事儿。根据句意可知，空

31、格处为省略了if的条件状语从句，had I known the schedule=if I had known the schedule。该从句表示与过去事实相反，故填had I known。12. Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _(tell) me, I could have helped.【答案】had told【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么不告诉我你遇到的麻烦呢？如果你告诉我，我可以帮你的。根据时间状语last week可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用

32、would/could/should/might have done。13. I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I _(injure).【答案】would/could/should/might have been injured【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我那时系着安全带呢，如果我没系安全带的话，我就受伤了。第一句用了过去进行时，说明此处是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用would/could/should/might have done，故可填would/could/should/

33、might have been injured。14. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I _(dance) as well as her.【答案】danced【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：Ellen是一个非常优秀的舞者，我希望我能跳得像她一样好。wish后的宾语从句中用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟，故选danced。15. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway _(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.【答案】wouldnt have written【解析】考查

34、虚拟语气。句意：如果没有战时经历的话，海明威就不会写出他著名的小说永别了，武器。Without his wartime experiences相当于If he hadnt had his wartime experiences，主句谓语动词应用would have done结构，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故填wouldnt have written。16. It is lucky we booked a room, or we _(have) nowhere to stay now.【答案】would have【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：很幸运，我们预订了一个房间，要不然我们现在就没有地

35、方可以住了。or前面是真实的情况，or后面表示对现在的虚拟，用would do的形式，故填would have。17. If I _(see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.【答案】hadnt seen【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我是不会相信的。由主句谓语wouldnt have believed可知此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟，故填hadnt seen。18. I wish I _(be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business

36、trip in New York then.【答案】had been【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我要是上周二能参加我姐姐的婚礼就好了，可是那时我正在纽约出差。wish后接宾语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气。根据last Tuesday可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语部分应用had done形式，故填had been。19.We would rather our daughter _(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.【答案】stayed【解析】考查虚拟语气和固定句式

37、。would rather后直接跟宾语从句中，从句不用that连接。如果表示现在或将来要做的事情，从句的谓语动用一般过去式。根据is可知填stayed。20. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _(do) it?【答案】had done【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么以好像是我打破了的语气对我说话？as if引导的状语从句中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气形式相同。结合语境可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，填had done。三、单句改错1. If I was yo

38、u, I would run faster.【答案】was改为were【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据“如果我是你”以及后句的would run可知，是对现在的假设，因此用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句中动词用过去式，be动词用were。2. If I live near my office, I would walk to work.【答案】live改为lived【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：如果我住得离公司近，就会步行去上班可知，是对现在的假设，因此用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句中用过去式，主句动词用lived。3. I know nothing about the film. If I k

39、new about it, I will tell you.【答案】will改为would【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我对这部电影一无所知。如果我知道的话，我会告诉你的。根据句意可知，If I knew about it表示与现在事实相反，主句应用would do。因此will改为would。4. If she worked hard enough, she would have passed the English exam.【答案】在worked前加had【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果她过去学习足够努力，她本可以通过英语考试的。根据句意可知是对过去的假设，因此应用虚拟语气。与过去事实相反

40、，从句谓语用had+过去分词，主句用would have done，因此在worked前加had。5. I wish I was as tall as you.【答案】was改为were【解析】考查wish的虚拟语气用法。句意：我希望我和你一样高。根据句意可知与现在事实相反，谓语动词如果是be动词，一律用were。即was改为were。6. The judge ordered that the killer should being punished.【答案】being改为be【解析】考查虚拟语气。order后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，主语

41、the killer与谓语动词punish是被动关系，用被动语态。故将being改为be。7. I would rather you pay me now.【答案】pay改为paid【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿你现在付钱给我。根据句意可知是考查would rather的虚拟语气用法。would rather后接句子时，句子谓语一般用虚拟语气，而now表示现在或将来的愿望，所以应用一般过去时，pay改为paid。8. If it were not rain tomorrow, they might go to the Great Wall.【答案】在not后加to【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意

42、：如果明天不下雨，他们可能会去长城。根据句意和tomorrow可知是对将来的假设，因此应用虚拟语气。从句是If+主语+were to+动词原形，所以在not后加to。9. If you asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.【答案】在asked前加上had【解析】考查错综时间虚拟条件句。句意：如果你昨天问过他了，现在你就知道做什么了。根据yesterday和now可知从句是对过去的假设，因此从句应用had+过去分词。即在asked前加上had。10. She was very busy yesterday, otherwise s

43、he would come to the meeting.【答案】在would后加have【解析】考查otherwise的虚拟语气用法。otherwise的意思是“要不然”，它在本句中用于对前面一句（She was very busy yesterday）所表示的事实进行假设，相当于if she had not been very busy yesterday，所以其后句子的谓语用虚拟语气（would have done），即在would后加have。11. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I followed your advice.【答案】在fol

44、lowed前加had【解析】考查If only的虚拟语气用法。If only意为“要是就好了”，后接过去完成时表示对过去事实相反的愿望。因此在followed前加had。12. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it is broken.【答案】is改为were【解析】考查as if的虚拟语气用法。句意：当铅笔部分放在水杯中时，它看起来好像断了似的。根据句意可知是表示对现在的假设，需用虚拟语气。表示现在的情况用过去时，be动词用were。13. She insists that they must give

45、her a receipt.【答案】must改为should或删去must【解析】考查suggest的虚拟语气用法。Suggest在表示建议时，后接宾语从句应用should+动词原形（should可省略）。因此must改为should或删去must。14. What will you do with a million dollars?【答案】will改为would【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你有一百万美元，你会做什么呢？此处是介词代替了条件状语从句，表示对现在情况的假设，相当于：if you had a million dollars, what would you do? 因此will

46、改为would。15. He would be a good sportsman now if he trained regularly.【答案】在trained前加had。【解析】考查错综时间虚拟条件句。句意：如果他（以前）好好定期训练的话，现在他就是一个很出色的运动员了。根据句意和now可知从句是对过去的假设，因此从句谓语应用had+过去分词，即在trained前加had。16. The suggestion that we should went to picnic on Sunday was agreed.【答案】went改为go【解析】考查虚拟语气。suggestion后的同位语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，故将went改为go。17. I suggested he worked out a new plan but he didnt respond to it.【答案】worked改为work【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我建议他制定一个新计划，但他没有回应。suggest表建议时，其后的that宾语从句中谓语用动词原形即suggest that sb.(should) do sth，should可以省略。故将worked改为work。