2021版高考课标版英语人教版一轮教师用书：第一部分教材要点 BOOK 1　UNIT 4　EARTHQUAKES WORD版含解析.docx

1、Book 1Unit 4Earthquakes(主题语境:人与自然灾害防范) 1 burst vi.爆裂;爆发 n.突然破裂;爆发语法填空Just now, the naughty boy burst my room and burst out (laugh). However, I had no idea why he burst into (laugh). Thus, I was bursting with (angry).单句改错A fire was burst out last night, and his house was in ruins.句型升级When they heard

2、the bad news that their son died in the earthquake, the couple burst into tears. the bad news that their son died in the earthquake, the couple . (分词作状语+同义短语替代)1.答案intolaughinglaughteranger去掉burst前的wasWhen hearing;burst out cryingburst in/burst into a room闯入;突然破门而入burst out 突然开始burst out crying/laug

3、hingburst into tears/laughter突然哭起来/笑起来a burst of.突然的一阵助记2 ruin n.毁灭;废墟vt.毁灭;使破产单句填空Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced ruins, the city took on a new look.With time going on, the castle which was once very beautiful is now completely ruins.句型升级I made a mistake. It ruin

4、ed my chance of going abroad.I made a mistake, . (定语从句)I made a mistake, . (分词作状语)2.答案toinwhich ruined my chance of going abroadruining my chance of going abroadlie/be in ruins 成为废墟fall into ruin 衰落,败落be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟ruin oneself 毁掉自己;自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future毁掉某人的健康/声誉/前途3 injure vt.

5、损害;伤害单句填空Two-thirds of them died or (injure)during the earthquake.(教材原句)These chemicals come from the (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.句型升级His left foot was seriously injured, so he missed the important match. , he missed the important match. (with 复合结构)3.答案were injured injuredWit

6、h his left foot seriously injured(1)injured adj.受伤的the injured伤员(2)injury n.伤;伤口;伤害do oneself an injury伤害某人自己易错the injured作主语时,谓语动词常常使用复数形式。4 bury vt.掩埋;埋葬;使隐藏单句填空The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and (bury) the dead.(教材原句)He stood on the sidewalk with his hands (bury) in th

7、e pockets.He sank down on the ground, (bury) his face in his hands.句型升级The boy was buried in computer games and he didnt notice the teacher come in. computer games, the boy didnt notice the teacher come in. (过去分词作状语) computer games, the boy didnt notice the teacher come in. (现在分词作状语)4.答案to buryburie

8、dburyingBuried in Burying himself inbury.in.把埋到里;使沉浸于bury oneself in埋头于;专心于;沉浸于be buried in埋头于;专心于;沉浸于联想表示“专心于;致力于”的其他常见短语:be devoted to;be lost/absorbed in;focus/concentrate on;fix/concentrate ones attention on5 judge vt.断定;判断;判决 n.裁判员;法官单句填空Your speech was heard by a group of five (judge), all of

9、whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(教材原句) (judge) from the story, we can come to the conclusion that we cant judge a book its cover.单句改错Judged from his expression, he was not satisfied with the answer.写作微测我认为,这是一个你了解中国音乐的好机会。(2019课标全国书面表达), this is a golden opportunity for you to learn a

10、bout the Chinese music.5.答案judgesJudging;from/byJudgedJudgingAs far as I can judge/In my judgment(1)judge.from/by.从来判断judge sb. to be判断某人为as far as I can judge据我判断;我认为(2)judging by/from从上看;根据判断(3)in ones judgment 依某人看来易错judging from/by 表示“从上看,根据判断”,用在句首时为一个独立成分,不受句子主语和时态的影响。1 at an end 结束;终结单句填空It s

11、eemed as if the world was at end!(教材原句)By the end of last week, I (finish)most of the work.At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up (apologize). Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up sweet dreams.一句多译昨晚,会议八点钟结束。(at an end)(come to an end)(bring.to

12、an end)1.答案anhad finishedapologizingwith The meeting was at an end at 8 last night.The meeting came to an end at 8 last night.The meeting was brought to an end at 8 last night.(1)at the end of在尽头/末端in the end最后,终于by the end of 到时候为止(常与完成时连用)put/bring an end to sth.使结束come to an end完成;结束(2)end up wit

13、h以结束end up doing sth.以做某事结束end up in以告终;结果为2 a (great) number of 许多;大量的单句填空A number of students (be) in the dining hall now.Yes. The number of the students (be) about 400.Over the years, there (be) a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. (2018课标全国)单句改错Large

14、quantities of nuts is found inside the trees.完成句子(大量的游客)visit Mount Tai every year.2.答案are;ishave beenisareA large number of tourists(1)a number of意为“若干;许多”,后接名词复数。用作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。(2)the number of意为“的数量”,其后接名词复数。用作主语时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式。扩展(1)“large quantities of+名词”后通常跟动词复数形式;(2)“a great/good many+可数名词复

15、数”后通常跟谓语动词复数形式。1 as if似乎;仿佛It seemed as if the world was at an end!单句填空When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks as if it (be)broken.He opened his mouth as if (say) something.同义句转换The tennis player is lying on the floor as if she were hurt badly.The tennis player is lying on the floor badly.完

16、成句子在回答问题的时候,我同桌看起来很紧张。(It seemed as if.)when he answered the question.1.答案wereto sayas if hurtIt seemed as if my deskmate was very nervousas if(=as though)在句中引导表语从句;它也可以引导状语从句。联想as if/though从句使用虚拟语气的三种情况:与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时,be动词用were;与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”;与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”。易错as if/tho

17、ugh引导的状语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,后面直接跟名词(短语)、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词等。2 all.not.并非所有都All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。单句改错He told me two pieces of news, but none of them was exciting.句型转换Both of the maths problems are not very difficult. are very difficult.一句多译不是所有的人都愿意帮助他人。(all.not)(not

18、all.)2.答案noneneitherNot both of the maths problemsAll people are not willing to help others. Not all people are willing to help others.该句是表示部分否定的句型,all.not.=not all.,意为“并非所有的都”。联想英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely等词与否定词连用,无论否定词位置如何,均构成部分否定,表示“并非都”的

19、意思。no,none,never,nobody,neither,nothing,no more,no longer等表示否定意义的词或短语与表肯定意义的谓语动词一起使用时,构成全部否定。1 教材与语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells kept rising and 1 (fall).Farmers noticed that the w

20、ell walls had deep cracks in 2. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In 3 farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous 4 (eat).5 (mouse) ran out of the fields 6 (look) for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am 7 July 28, 1976, some people saw bright

21、 lights in the sky. The sound of planes could 8 (hear) outside the city of Tangshan even when no 9 (plane) were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, 10 thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.1.2.

22、3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.falling2.them3.the4.to eat5.Mice6.looking7.on8.be heard9.planes10.who2 教材与短文改错根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。Congratulations! We are pleased to telling you that you have win the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan. Your speech was hear

23、d by the group of five judges, all of who agreed that it was the best one this year. Your parents and your school should be proud you! Our office would like to have you speaking in the new park, which will honor those who were died in the terrible disaster. What you know, this is the day when the qu

24、ake happened more than thirty years before. We invite you to bring your family and friends on that specially day.答案Congratulations! We are pleased to tellingtell you that you have winwon the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan. Your speech was heard by thea group of five judges, all

25、of whowhom agreed that it was the best one this year. Your parents and your school should be proud of you! Our office would like to have you speakingspeak in the new park, which will honor those who were died in the terrible disaster.WhatAs you know, this is the day when the quake happened more than

26、 thirty years beforeago. We invite you to bring your family and friends on that speciallyspecial day.3 教材与话题写作.写作要点用本单元所学词汇和句型完成。1.一天夜里,一切都开始摇晃起来。(shake)2.水管爆裂,电被切断。(burst;cut off)3.世界似乎到了末日。(It seemed as if.;be at an end)4.有些人受伤了,有些人被埋在废墟下,还有些人失踪了。(injure;bury)5.从那时的情况判断,还有一些被困人员等待着救援。(judge from;t

27、rapped;rescue)6.并不是没有了希望。(all.not.)7.士兵立刻就被派来营救他们。(right away;rescue).连句成篇将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。答案.参考范文One night, everything began to shake, with the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off. It seemed as if the world was at an end. On the spot, some people were injured, some buried under the

28、 ruins, and some missing. Judging from the situation, a number of people might have been trapped who were waiting for the rescue. All hope was not lost, because soldiers were sent to rescue them right away.阅读理解ASurviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan,14,has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway,

29、 New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.“Its the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,”she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially h

30、ard. Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridges closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially

31、the elderly. Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others

32、 rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me,”Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”Natalies choice was to help.She created a w

33、ebsite page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patricks collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids:Chr

34、istopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.T

35、oday, the scars(创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”1.When Natalie returned to Rockaway

36、 after the hurricane, she found.A.some friends had lost their livesB.her neighborhood was destroyedC.her school had moved to BrooklynD.the elderly were free from suffering2.According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild.B.The people trapped in high-rise bui

37、ldings.C.The volunteers donating money to survivors.D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.3.How did Natalie help the survivors?A.She gave her toys to other kids.B.She took care of younger children.C.She called on the White House to help.D.She built an information sharing platform.4.W

38、hat does the story intend to tell us?A.Little people can make a big difference.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.C.East or west, home is best.D.Technology is power.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。飓风桑迪袭击了Natalie的家乡Rockaway,损失很大,一些人的援助行为鼓舞了Natalie,她创办了一个网站来帮助家乡的人们。1.B细节理解题。根据第三段开头“.they found their neighborhood in r

39、uins.”可知B项正确。2.A细节理解题。根据第四段开头第一句可知帮助Rockaway进行重建的人们鼓舞了她,包括带来捐赠品的志愿者、帮助他人的邻居以及帮助老人的青少年们,故A项正确。3.D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知Natalie创办了一个网站,发布需要帮助的幸存者的信息,从而可以让捐赠者们找到捐赠的对象,由此可知她建立了一个信息分享平台,故D项正确。4.A推理判断题。从整篇文章可以得知,Natalie虽然年纪不大,但是她在飓风后家乡的重建过程中,创办了一个信息分享平台,为他人提供了巨大的帮助,故A项正确。B(2019闽粤赣“三省十校”高三联考)You probably know abo

40、ut the Titanic, but it was actually just one of the three state-of-the-art(最先进的)ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titani

41、c. What you may not know is that the Titanic wasnt even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed with suffering disastrous fates.The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britanni

42、c in 1914.The ships had nine decks, and the White Star Line decided to focus on marking them the most luxurious ships on the water.Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval ship technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. Howe

43、ver, all suffered terrible accidents on the open seas. The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after hitting a huge iceberg in 1912.Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a

44、naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. The most recognizable designs of the ship are the ships smokestacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functiona

45、l purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls(船体)believed to make them “unsinkable”, perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanics and the Britannics tragic ends.The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troo

46、p transport in World War . Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.5.Which of the following statements is TRUE about the three Olympic class ships?A.They performed marvelously on the sea.B.They could all break the ice in their way.

47、C.They all experienced terrible misfortunes.D.They were models of modern engineering.6.What did the White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?A.Their capacity of sailing across all waters.B.The utmost comfort that passengers could enjoy.C.Their ability to survive disasters of an

48、y kind.D.The long voyages that they were able to undertake.7. might have led to the tragic ends of the Titanic and the Britannic.A.Their unscientific designsB.Their captains misjudgmentC.The assumption that they were built with the latest technologyD.The belief that they could never sink with a doub

49、le-layer body8.In the end the ship Olympic.A.was used to carry troopsB.was sunk in World WarC.was converted into a hospital shipD.was retired after her naval service答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。泰坦尼克号妇孺皆知,但是你知道当时能与之媲美的另外两艘大船吗?它们的命运又是如何呢? 5.C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea en

50、gineering, but they seemed cursed with suffering disastrous fates.可知这三艘船似乎都被诅咒遭遇灾难性的命运,并结合后文对它们灾难性遭遇的描述可知答案为C项。 terrible misfortunes是 disastrous fates的同义转换。6.B细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的White Star Line decided to focus on marking them the most luxurious ships on the water可知白星航运公司决定把它们打造成为水上最奢华的船,为的是乘客可以享受最大的舒适

51、。故选B项。7.A推理判断题。根据第四段第三句中的they were all designed with double hulls(船体)believed to make them “unsinkable”, perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanics and the Britannics tragic ends可知答案为A项(它们不科学的设计)。原文double hulls指双船体,选项D中的double-layer body为双层船体,二者不是同一概念,故排除选项D。8.D细节理解题。根据最后一句中的Eventually, she wa

52、s taken out of service in 1935可知答案选D项。.七选五(2019河南名校联盟高三下学期2月联考)School life is a very important part of ones life. It provides opportunities for study and discipline (自制力). It is also a preparatory period for entering public life.1. Good qualities such as honesty and discipline are developed in pupil

53、s. They show good behavior in the classroom, playground, library and other places.School is a meeting place for students and teachers. School life is generally a period of youth. In school, all the students study together.2. They read together, play together and sit together. At this time, they have

54、 early dreams which will come true as they grow older.3. Students take part in games and competitions. School also gives opportunities to the budding (崭露头角的) poets, scientists, writers, doctors and painters. It is in school that the students enjoy the pleasure of achieving their goals.Teachers are t

55、hose who guide the students to the right path. In school, teachers try to lead students away from bad thoughts.4. In the library, in class and in competitions, students get chances to improve themselves. Above all, in examinations they try to show their best sides. Thus, they get the opportunity to

56、take part in more activities.5. But some students are satisfied with bad friends and try to avoid the influence of their teachers. Those students will miss the joys of their school life.A.They forget their joys and sorrows.B.School is the right place to realize early dreams.C.School helps students u

57、nderstand discipline better.D.School has clearly a healthy influence on students.E.And at the same time, they teach them good qualities.F.School life is of great importance to both students and parents.G.School provides chances for students to fill their brains with knowledge.1.2.3.4.5.答案语篇解读学校是一个什么

58、地方呢?在这里学生会学到什么呢?老师会教会学生什么东西呢?本文描述了学校生活的方方面面。1.C考查主题句。结合下文 Good qualities such as honesty and discipline are developed in pupils. 可知,诚实和自制力等良好品质在学生中得到发展。C项意为“学校帮助学生更好地理解纪律”,引出下文,符合语境,故正确答案为C项。2.A考查过渡句。结合上文 In school, all the students study together. 和下文 They read together, play together and sit toget

59、her. 可知,在学校,所有的学生一起学习,他们一起读书,一起玩,并坐在一起。A项意为“他们忘记了他们的快乐和悲伤”,承上启下,符合语境,故正确答案为A项。3.B考查主题句。 结合文章第四段最后一句 It is in school that the students enjoy the pleasure of achieving their goals. 可知,正是在学校里,学生们享受着实现目标的快乐。B项意为“学校是实现早期梦想的好地方”,引出下文,符合语境,故正确答案为B项。4.E考查细节句。结合文章第五段第一、二句 Teachers are those who guide the stu

60、dents to the right path. In school, teachers try to lead students away from bad thoughts. 可知,教师是引导学生走上正确道路的人。在学校,老师试图引导学生远离坏的想法。E项意为“与此同时,他们教给他们良好的品质”,承接上文,符合语境,故正确答案为E项。5.D考查细节句。结合文章最后一段第一、二句 In the library, in class and in competitions, students get chances to improve themselves. Above all, in exa

61、minations they try to show their best sides. 可知,在图书馆,在课堂和比赛中,学生有机会提高自己。最重要的是,在考试中他们试图展示自己最好的一面。D项意为“学校显然对学生有健康的影响”,承接上文,符合语境,故正确答案为D项。.语法填空(2019山东实验中学4月质检)The national college entrance exam in Russia, Unified State Exam, will include Chinese as1elective foreign language from 2019. Chinese will becom

62、e the fifth elective test item for the Unified State Exam2(follow) English, German, French and Spanish.The number of Chinese learners in Russia3(grow) quickly in the past decade, according to a survey 4(conduct) by a linguistic research center in Russia.Approaches to learning Chinese vary from perso

63、n to person,5 more and more people choosing university courses in Russia.The three-hour-long Chinese test will quiz students on6 (they)listening, reading, and writing abilities and the fourth section will examine students on grammar, vocabulary and Chinese 7 (character).Some parts in the exam are ev

64、en a little bit difficult for native Chinese speakers.According to the Office of Chinese Language Council International(Hanban)7 as of 2017, some 100 million people, excluding native speakers, use Chinese8 (global).The United Nations(UN)in 2010 suggested a Chinese Language Day9 falls on April 20 eac

65、h year 10 (celebrate)cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all official languages.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案语篇解读随着中国在世界上的地位不断提高,汉语的影响力也越来越大。俄罗斯计划在国家统一考试中将汉语列为选修考试的又一门课程。1.an考查冠词。句意:从2019年开始,俄罗斯全国大学入学考试,即国家统一考试,将把汉语列为一门选修外语。设空处表示泛指,意为“一门选修外语”。2.following考查非谓语动词。汉语将成为继英语、德语、法语和西班牙语之后的

66、第五门国家统一考试的选修考试科目。设空处为非谓语动词作状语,与其逻辑主语Chinese之间是主动关系,所以要用v.-ing形式。3.has grown考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处是句子的谓语动词,根据时间状语in the past decade可知此处应该用现在完成时。句子的主语是The number of Chinese learners,所以谓语动词应用单数形式,故填has grown。4.conducted考查非谓语动词。此处指俄罗斯一家语言研究中心所做的调查。设空处是非谓语动词作定语。设空处与其修饰的a survey之间是被动关系,所以要用过去分词形式。5.with考查介词。

67、由句子结构可知此处是with+宾语+宾补结构。宾语是more and more people,宾补是choosing.,所以设空处应该用介词with。6.their考查代词。此处指为期三小时的汉语测试将测试学生的听力、阅读和写作能力。根据语境可知设空处应该用形容词性物主代词their修饰后面的名词。7.characters考查名词。Chinese characters汉字。Chinese前没有限定词,故应该用复数形式。8.globally考查副词。设空处修饰前面的动词use,所以要用其副词形式,此处指在全球使用汉语。9.that/which考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a Chinese Language Day,且关系词在从句中作主语,所以要用关系代词that/which。10.to celebrate考查非谓语动词。此处指庆祝文化多样性。设空处在此处作状语,表示目的,所以要用不定式形式。