Unit 4History and Traditions单元语法专训【含答案】-2022-2023学年高一英语练好基础题（人教版2019必修第二册）.docx

1、非谓语动词之过去分词一（做定语和宾语补足语）非谓语结构：主动式被动式在句中可作成分不定式一般式to doto be done主、宾、表、定、状、补完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/动名词（现在分词）一般式doingbeing done动名词：主、宾、表、定完成式having donehaving been done现在分词：表、定、状、补过去分词done表、定、状、补否定形式否定形式：not+ to do, not+ doing, not + done解答有关非谓语动词的步骤：1.首先要

2、确定填入的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。方法：分析句子结构，看空格前是否有连词，看并列连词连接的是什么。2.确定要填入非谓语动词后，再从两个方面进行分析：一是分析非谓语动词和其逻辑主语或其所修饰的词之间的关系来确定用主动式还是被动式；二是分析非谓语动词和谓语动词之间动作的先后关系确定用一般式、进行式还是完成式等形式。一、过去分词作定语1.意义现在完成时的被动语态，强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作持续到现在或对现在造成的影响或结果。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，只表示已完成，不表示

3、被动fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳a retired teacher一位退休的教师及物动词表示被动或完成an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人a guided trip 一次有导游的旅行the broken glass 碎了的杯子the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题a divided country 一个分裂的国家2.过去分词做定语时的位置（1）前置定语：单个的过去分词做定语，常放在名词之前受伤的工人现在正在医院受到良好的照料。 （2）后置定语：过去分词（短语）做定语时，通常放在名词之后，相当于一个

4、定语从句。我被要求(instruct)执行一个多数人支持的计划。 注意：有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独做定语也放在名词之后，如left（剩余的），given（所给的），concerned（有关的）等；There is little time left.过去分词修饰代词时，应置于被修饰词之后。He is one of those invited.有些过去分词做定语时，前置和后置意义不同。This is a used car which is worth only 5,000 yuan.The method used is very efficient.过去分词可做非限制性定语，用来补充说明被修

5、饰词的情况，前面常用逗号与被修饰的成分隔开。A girl, dressed like a student, came in and sat behind me.3.现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别过去分词与所修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，表示一个已完成的动作。现在分词与所修饰的名词之间存在主谓关系，它表示一个正在进行的动作。This is a letter written in black ink.There are so many people showing interest in surfing the Internet.4.现在分词done和现在分词的被动结构being done做定语时，

6、过去分词一般表示动作发生的时间早于主句谓语动词，而“being+ 过去分词”表示动作正在发生或与谓语动词几乎同时发生，例如：This is one of the factories built in the 1960s.This is a house being built now.注意：现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词间为主动关系，用v-ing;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词间为被动关系且表完成时，用done;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词间为被动关系且表进行时，用being+done;二、过去分词作宾语补足语1.常见的过去分词做宾补的情况有：（1）使役动词h

7、ave, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词做宾补。她提高嗓门让大厅里的人都能听清她说话。 （2） 感官动词see, hear, notice,observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词做宾补。我进去时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。 （3） 表示“意愿，命令”的动词，如like, want, visit, order等后，可用过去分词作宾补，相当于过去分词前省略了to be;The father wants his daughter taught the piano.（4）在“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词作为with的宾补，过

8、去分词与宾语间为动宾关系。这一结构常做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。她通常锁着门在书房工作。 2.过去分词做宾补与其他非谓语动词做宾补的区别1.see/notice/hear/smell等+sb. do/ doing与see/notice/hear/smell等+sth. done的区别2.have sb. do 3. get sb. to dohave sb. doing get sb. doinghave sth. done get sth. done4.leave sb. doing sth.leave sth. undone find sb. doingleave sth. to do

9、 sth. 5. find sb./sth. doneleave sth. to be done find sb./sth.(to be) adj.6.make sb. domake oneself doneeg: I felt my blood run cold.The designer kept the dove sending peaceful messages everywhere.（1）及物动词的过去分词做宾补，表被动，说明宾语时过去分词动作的承受者；不及物动词的过去分词做宾补，表动作的完成，说明分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前；We have our classroom cleaned

10、 after school every day.When I got home, I found my wallet gone.（2） 用现在分词做宾，表示动作正在进行且与宾语构成主谓关系。When I came here, I saw Li Lei reading an English book.（3） 不定式做宾补时，一般表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之后发生，如动词feel, see, hear, watch, notice, observe后的不定式做宾补（不定式的to须省略），表示不定式动作的全过程。The teacher will have Li Lei clean the class

11、room today.I heard Wei Fang sing this song.课后练习填空题1.With all his lessons (prepare),Peter went to bed, relaxed.2.When he woke up, he found himself (surround) by a group of children.3.The student likes reading stories (write) by the famous writer.4.Many (use) computers will be sold in this market.5.Iv

12、e heard it (say) that Elizabeth is a tough business woman.6.The police promised that they would keep the relatives of the victim (inform) of everything about the investigation.7.Hes a good watch repairer and can get the clock (go) again.8.The girl answered the question in such a low voice that she c

13、ouldnt make herself (hear) by others.9.Dont leave that man over there (wait) outside and show him in now.10.I like that old private house (build) of wood and mud.11.This is the statue of a brave soldier (seat) on a horse, with a gun on his back.12.When I came back to my hometown ten years later, I f

14、ound it completely (change).13.My father had had the house (paint) before we moved in.14.The end of the story left me (puzzle).15.Dont leave her (wait) outside in the rain.16.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves (lost) for words.17.There are still many problems (solve) before we are ready

15、 for a long stay on the Moon.18.Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight (take) off her mind.19. Whats the language (speak) in Germany?20.Most of the people (invite) to the party were famous scientists.21.He was disappointed to find his suggestions (turn down).22.There was a terrible noi

16、se (follow) the sudden burst of light.23.It was so cold that they kept the fire (burn) all night.24.As we joined the big crowd, I got (separate) from my friends.25.- The plan (make) for the trip is very important.- I see, but he is sure to work it out on time.短文填词How did the dream end?1. (tired) of

17、sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years 2. (buy) a real bed.3. (be) the first guy 4. (have) a bed with springs and mattress, he felt extremely proud of himself. The weather 5. (hot), he carried the bed on to the roof of his house, 6. (enjoy) his sleep very well for the first

18、 two nights. But on the third night, a storm blew up.A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof, 7. (make) it crash into the countyard below. The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. The bed smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously 8. (unhurt). 9. (wake) up, he was still

19、on the mattress.10. (glance) at the bits of wood and metal 11. (lie) around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.12. (put) it onto the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.【答案与解析】填空题1.prepared2.surrounded3.written4.used5.said6.informed7.going8.heard9.waiting10.bu

20、ilt11.seated12.changed13.painted14.puzzled15.waiting16.lost17.to be solved18.taken19.spoken20.invited21.turned down22.following23.burning24.separated25.to be made短文填词1.tired【解析】形容词作状语，表状态2.to buy【解析】to do作目的状语，表示“为了”3.Being【解析】非谓语doing表主动，与句子主语he之间是主动关系4.to have【解析】the first guy to have a bed成为第一个的人

21、，固定用法the first one to do，用to do形式做后置定语。5.being hot【解析】本句考核独立主格语态，weather与hot之间呈主动关系，故用being hot6.enjoying【解析】与本句主语he呈主动关系7.making【解析】结果状语，是前半句的结果状语。8.unhurt【解析】形容词unhurt做表语，与前面的be动词was构成系表结构。9. waken【解析】形容词waken做状语，表主语的状态，此形容词含被动含义，也可认为done做状语。10.glancing【解析】glancing是非谓语doing，与句子主语the man成主动关系。11.lying【解析】lying与glancing作并列非谓语，都表主动关系。12.Having put【解析】having done是非谓语doing的完成结构，表示动词发生在谓语动词went之前。