（湖南专用）2014年高考英语二轮复习《阅读简答》权威课件：专题二十七 其他文体议论文、新闻报道等型阅读简答 （专题导读 真题典例 新题预测）.ppt

1、专题二十七其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答专题导读真题典例新题预测返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答阅读简答题选取的材料还有议论文和新闻报道两种。其中所选取的议论文通常有两类：一是先分析人们习以为常的现象，指出其中的谬误，然后再阐述自己的观点；二是开门见山地点明要阐述的观点，然后通过类比等手段来证明该观点。掌握议论文的特点、把握好作者在文章中所阐述的观点有利于快速把握全文脉络，从而准确地找到有效的答题信息句。返回目录专题导读专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答时事新闻类阅读材料往往语言地道、内容新颖。新闻阅读材料都由标题(Headlines)、

2、导语(Introductions)、背景(Background)、主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。此类文章主题突出，文章的第一句话或第一自然段往往就是对整篇文章的高度概括，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。阅读时，要善于捕捉新闻细节，根据问题找到相关语句并能分析理解长难句，从而在归纳、概括、推理的基础上准确地遣词组句作答。返回目录专题导读返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答真题典例He seems an unlikely hero,especially one that would save a kid from the jaws of a wild

3、cougar(美洲豹)Shen Huigang is just now getting recognition for his bravery in fighting off a cougar on Vancouver Island,Canada,during a family outing on Aug.30.Shen,also known as Ian,was then an exchange student at Kwantlen Polytechnic University enjoying the afternoon on a beach near Ucluelet,a small

4、town on the edge of the Pacific Ocean.With him was a friend,Myles Hagar,and Hagars two grandchildren.返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答真题典例By the time the two adults spotted the cat,believed to be young but still weighing 30 to 35 kilograms,it already had the head of 18month old Julien in its mouth.Inst

5、inctively,the young man gestured as if he were ready for a fight,and tried to scare the beast off with the bag in his hands.On hearing the noise Shen made,the animal dropped the kid and Hagar grabbed his grandson from the cougars jaws.Shen and Hagar gradually chased the animal back into the woods.返回

6、目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答真题典例“We also moved slowly to our vehicle,as we waved our fists and bags,pretending we wanted to fight with it，”Shen said.“The vehicle wasnt far away but it felt like it took us a century to travel the short journey.”“Any hesitation,at any moment,even a second delay,would

7、have resulted in certain death for Julien.The cougar was just about to break his neck and carry him away to be eaten in the forest.”Hagar said.Julien has since made a full recovery.Parks Canada spokeswoman Arlene Armstrong told the National Post newspaper of Canada in an interview in August.“The two

8、 men acted properly by maintaining eye contact with the big cat and aggressively scaring it off.”返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答真题典例1How did Ian get recognition on Vancouver Island？(No more than 12 words)_2What happened to Julien by the time the two adults saw the young cougar？(No more than 10 words)

9、_3Why did the cougar give up eating the kid？(No more than 8 words)_4What if you are fighting with a wild cougar？(No more than 12 words)_返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答真题典例要点综述 本文为一篇新闻报道，主要报道ShenHuigang从一只凶猛的美洲豹嘴里救下一个婴儿的事件。1.He saved a kid from the jaws of a wild cougar.根据第一段“He seems an unlikely hero

10、,especially one that would save a kid from the jaws of a wild cougar(美洲豹)”可判断作答。2.2.The cougar had his head in its mouth.根据第六段“By the time the two adults spotted the cat,believed to be young but still weighing 30 to 35 kilograms,it already had the head of 18month old Julien in its mouth.”可判断作答。返回目录专

11、题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答真题典例3.Because it was scared by Ian./Because Ian scared it off.根据第七段“Instinctively,the young man gestured as if he were ready for a fight,and tried to scare the beast off with the bag in his hands.”可判断作答。4.We should maintain eye contact with it and scare it off.根据最后一段“The two

12、 men acted properly by maintaining eye contact with the big cat and aggressively scaring it off.”可判断作答。返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答新题预测Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert(报警)system using text messages delivered to cellphones.Text messages have explod

13、ed in popularity in recent years,particularly among young people.The wireless industrys trade association,CTIA,estimates(估计)more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act,a 2006 federal law that requires improvement to the nation

14、s emergency alert system.The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission(FCC)by coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.（一）返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答新题预测“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cellphones and other mobile services is an i

15、mportant next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before,and during,disasters and other emergencies.”FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said,following approval of the plan.Participation in the alert

16、system by carrierstelecommunications companiesis voluntary,but it has received solid support from the wireless industry.The programme would be optional for cellphone users.They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答新题预测There would be three different types of mess

17、ages,according to the rules.The first would be a national alert from the president,likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster.The second would involve“approaching threats”，which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings.The third would be res

18、erved for child abduction(绑架)emergencies,or socalled Amber Alerts.返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答新题预测1According to CTIA,how many text messages are sent each month？(No more than 4 words)_2What does the Warning Alert and Response Network Act require FCC to do?(No more than 12 words)_3How does the wirel

19、ess industry act to the plan?(No more than 5 words)_4How would phone users be charged when receiving alerts?(No more than 6 words)_返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答新题预测要点综述本文为一篇新闻报道，主要报道了一项新举措：以短信的形式向居民发送紧急警报。1.More than/Over 48 billion.根据第一段“The wireless industrys trade association,CTIA,estimates(估计)m

20、ore than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.”可判断作答。2.To come up with ways to alert the public about emergencies.根 据 第 二 段“The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission(FCC)by coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.”可判断作答。返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答新题预测3.It

21、supported the plan.根据第四段“but it has received solid support from the wireless industry.”可判断作答。4 It would be optional.根 据 第 四 段“The programme would be optional for callphone users.They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.”可判断作答。返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答新题预测(二)When it comes to making frie

22、nds,most of us make one big mistakewhich is not to listen enough.Though we might make it look as if were listening,by smiling,staying quiet and nodding,in fact were often just waiting for a chance to speak and put forwards our side of the story.You might think that you can get away with this,but peo

23、ple can tell.So how do you make it clear that youre actually listening without making this common mistake?There is a skill for it and its called“active listening”返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答新题预测In active listening,you show the speaker that youre actually listening,rather than just waiting silently

24、 for your“turn”to speak.For this,you can feed back what you hear to the speaker.For example,if they say“Ive just had a great time in Croatia”，you might answer by just repeating the word“Croatia”or“Ah a great timegood”.This shows that youre listening carefully and that youve understood at least enoug

25、h to repeat what youve heard.返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答新题预测Its better to paraphrase the statement as a question,which helps to keep the conversation going.Here you are inviting the speaker to elaborate(详细描述)on what he or she is saying.For example,if they have just been to Croatia,you could answe

26、r“Oh,Croatia？”.This would then give them the choice of saying“Yeah,and it was really sunny.”This way,the conversation will move on naturally without terrible silence.Therefore,try using active listening next time youre chatting with your friends and itll make you immediately more likeable and make y

27、our relationships better.返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答新题预测1What is the mistake we often make during the conversation？(No more than 4 words)_2According to Paragraph 3,how can we show that we are active listening in a conversation？(No more than 10 words)_返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答新题预测3Why can we

28、keep the conversation going by paraphrasing the statement as a question?(No more than 13 words)_4What are the benefits of active speaking？(No more than 10 words)_返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答新题预测解析 1.Not listening enough./Not to listen enough.根据第一段“When it comes to making friends,most of us make on

29、e big mistakewhich is not to listen enough.”可判断作答。2.By feeding back what we hear to the speaker.根据第三段“For this,you can feed back what you hear to the speaker.”可判断作答。返回目录专题二十七 其他文体(议论文、新闻报道等)型阅读简答新题预测3.Because it invites the speaker to elaborate on what he/she is saying.根 据 第 四 段“Its better to paraph

30、rase the statement as a question,which helps to keep the conversation going.Here you are inviting the speaker to elaborate(详细描述)on what he or she is saying.”可判断作答。4.Making you immediately more likeable and improving your relationships.根 据 最 后 一 段“Therefore,try using active listening next time youre

31、chatting with your friends and itll make you immediately more likeable and make your relationships better.”可判断作答。返回目录备用习题（一）From now on,never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings.Instead,realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you wer

32、e born.Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.The seeds,and the power to grow them,are contained in the most awesome machine ever created:the human mind.Success is a choice and not a chance.You were born a winner.You were born rich.You can be a success only if you make the right choice.返回目

33、录备用习题You cannot be successful without first developing your selfconfidence.Your level of selfconfidence is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself,and thus over your life.People with low selfconfidence are people who do not believe that they have any power,o

34、r responsibility for their lives.They are the perennial(长期的)victims and martyrs.They are leaves tossed(摇摆)by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.返回目录备用习题You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everythi

35、ng that happens in your life.Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance.Successful people realize that they are responsible.Everything happens as a result of something.If we can identify the cause,we can control the effect.We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe

36、.One generally rises to the level that one expects.We are responsible for setting our expectations.Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.返回目录备用习题If you associate with positivethinking people,you are definitely going to achieve success.On the contrary,the opposite happens.We are respo

37、nsible for finding,planting,and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory,born from setbacks.In short,in all areas of your life,whether they are financial,physical,emotional,or spiritual,you are responsible.Once you recognize this,accept it,and firmly believe it;you are on the road to success.

38、返回目录备用习题1What do losers think about everything?(No more than 8 words)_2According to the passage,what does ones success depend on?(No more than 7 words)_3Why are people with low selfconfidence compared to leaves in the winds?(No more than 13 words)_4In the authors opinion,what will happen if one conn

39、ects with negativethinking people?(No more than 6 words)_返回目录备用习题解析 1.They think everything happens by accident and chance.根 据 第 四 段“Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance.”可判断作答。2.2.His right choice and high selfconfidence.根据第二段最后一句及第三段第一句可判断作答。返回目录备用习题3.Because they cant exe

40、rcise control over themselves./Because they dont believe they have any power or responsibility for their lives.根据第三段“Your level of selfconfidence is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself,and thus over your life.People with low selfconfidence are people who

41、 do not”可判断作答。返回目录备用习题4.He is going to fail./He isnt going to achieve success.根据倒数第二段“If you associate with positivethinking people,you are definitely going to achieve success.On the contrary,the opposite happens.”可判断作答。返回目录备用习题（二）“Humans have a code of ethics，”says Marc Bekoff,an animal behaviour e

42、xpert at the University of Colorado.“If I dont play in a certain way,you wont play with me.Some animals have the same code.”Scientists recently discovered that animals which live in groups,such as elephants,foxes and wolves are especially likely to follow rules.If they dont,and each does its own thi

43、ng,the group might break apart.Group members would be forced to live alone.Then theyd have a harder time hunting and raising their young.返回目录备用习题Thats probably why a travelling wolf pack stopped and waited to let its slowly moving leader catch up.Similar social ties may have caused a captive elephan

44、t to save her friend from drowning.Selfish reasons certainly motivated the male fox,who wanted to keep playing.Sometimes,though,animals go out of their way to do whats right,even when theres nothing in it for them.Nobody knows why.“It_might_simply_feel_good_to_be_kind,_just_as_it_does_for_humans，”sa

45、ys Bekoff.返回目录备用习题If your friend wasnt nice to you,what would you do?Maybe you would just walk away.Thats exactly what a wild red fox did when she was play boxing with another fox.The larger fox,a male,began pushing too hard.The little female didnt like fighting.She ran away quietly.“He still wanted

46、 to play，”says Marc Bekoff.So the male fox ran after his playmate,bowed down,and rolled over.His body language meant,“Dont leave.Ill play nicely.”The female gave him another chance,and the male wrestled more gently this time.返回目录备用习题1What is the scientists recent discovery about the ethics in the wo

47、rld of animals?(no more than 15 words)_2What does the underlined sentence“It might simply feel good to be kind,just as it does for humans，”indicate?(no more than 13 words)_返回目录备用习题3How did the little female fox show her dissatisfaction with the larger male one?(no more than 5 words)_4What is the mai

48、n idea of the passage?(no more than 11 words)_返回目录备用习题解析 1Animals which live in groups are especially likely to follow rules./Animals which live in groups are especially likely to follow a code of ethics.根据第二段“Scientists recently discovered that animals which live in groups,such as elephants,foxes a

49、nd wolves are especially likely to follow rules.”可判断作答。返回目录备用习题2Being kind to others can make both humans and animals feel good.根 据 画 线 句 前 面 的“Sometimes,though,animals go out of their way to do whats right,even when theres nothing in it for them.Nobody knows why.”可推断作答。3By running away quietly./She ran way quietly.根据第五段“The little female didnt like fighting.She ran away quietly.”可判断作答。4Some animals have the same code of ethics like human beings.综合全文特别是第一段可判断作答。