2021版高考英语一轮复习 核心素养测评四 必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版.doc

1、核心素养测评 四必修1 Unit 4Earthquakes(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AWith the undeniable increase in greenhouse emissions on Earth, there can be no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer, and scientific studies have proven that if we carry on living the way we do, then global temperatures will rise even more. So what exact

2、ly does this mean for the future of our planet? Global warming will in fact cause extreme weather conditions, meaning that our winters would be even colder than they are now. More than that, warmer temperatures will lead to the melting of ice in the north and south poles, which in turn will lead to

3、rising sea levels across the globe. This is particularly troubling for low coastal regions and some island countries. In 1 000 years or so, all these places will be flooded underwater. So where will we be able to live? Unless we can find a way to evolve into mermaids and mermen, which doesnt look pr

4、omising, the only solution is to move elsewhere. There will be little choice left once a large proportion of the land is lost to the sea, and other remaining places will be so hot that it will be absolutely impossible for us to survive. Countries that we consider to be hot these days will be even mo

5、re so if temperatures increase by 5, 10, even 15 degrees. It is possible, then, that the once frozen poles of the Arctic and Antarctica will be suitable enough to live in, having melted its ice and warmed up. Its scary to think of our descendents(后代) struggling to survive in a virtually uninhabitabl

6、e world. Perhaps if people start to realize how their actions now can have such an impact on future generations, they will change their attitude and start to think more about caring for the environment. If not, well be living in a world underwater and will need to think of a way to turn ourselves in

7、to mermaids!【文章大意】如果不改变我们现在的生活方式, 地球温度将继续上升, 导致海水上涨, 低海拔地区将被淹没, 其他地区也将热得无法生存, 人们不得不进化成“美人鱼”!1. What about our planet in 1 000 years according to the text? A. There will be more water. B. Winter will become mild. C. Low-lying islands will disappear. D. Sea levels will rise in the polar regions. 【解析】选

8、C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知, 如果气温继续上升, 大约1 000年后, 低海拔的沿海地区将被水淹没。故选C。2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. Hot places today will become colder. B. Humans might evolve into mermaids. C. Fewer places will be suitable to live. D. The earth will be totally covered by water. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知, 气候持续变暖会导

9、致海平面上升, 淹没大部分地区, 适合人们居住的空间越来越小。C选项符合题意。3. What does the author appeal to people to do? A. Care for the environment. B. Learn to live like a mermaid. C. Take good care of our children. D. Struggle for our survival. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“they will change their attitude and start to think more about car

10、ing for the environment”可知, 作者写这篇文章主要想让人们改变态度, 多考虑关心环境。A选项符合题意。4. Which word can describe the authors attitude towards global warming? A. Optimistic. B. Worried. C. Terrified. D. Unconcerned. 【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据文章内容以及最后一段中“Its scary to think of our descendents struggling to survive in a virtually uninha

11、bitable world. ”可知, 作者对目前的气候变化给人类带来的灾难感到忧虑。故选B。scary作形容词, 意为“使人惊慌的”。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. temperature n. 温度;气温2. extreme adj. 极端的3. melt v. 融化4. particularly adv. 尤其;特别地5. absolutely adv. 绝对地;完全地6. generation n. 一代;一代人7. impact n. &v. 影响 B (2020乌鲁木齐模拟)Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may soon be a use

12、ful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like breast cancer in ways that were never before possible. Rishi Rawat teaches AI at the University of Southern Californias (USC) Clinical Science Center in Los Angeles. He is part of a team of scientists who are researchin

13、g how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the breast. Rawat provides information about cancer cells for a computer. He says this data helps the machine learn. “You can put the data into computers and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition is impor

14、tant to making decisions. ”David Agus is another USC researcher. He says machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain cant recognize by itself. Once a confirmed cancerous gr

15、owth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. ”Currently, researchers take a thin piece of tissue, put it on a small piece of glass and add color to better see the cells. That process could take d

16、ays or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized. The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of c

17、ancer that is free of human mistakes. “All of a sudden, we have the computing power to really do it in real time. We couldnt have done this, we didnt have the computing power to do this several years ago, but now its all changed. ” Agus adds that the process could be done for almost no cost in the d

18、eveloping world. He says that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine. The University of Southern California researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a d

19、ifference in all forms of cancer. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文章。文章介绍人工智能, 并解释了它在治疗癌症中的作用, 希望机器很快就能快速识别出没有人类错误的癌症。5. In Rishi Rawats research, _. A. the data put into computers contributes to cancer recognitionB. many cancers are being studied at the momentC. machine learning has replaced doctors workD. the focus

20、is on the cure for cancer【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中Rawat provides information about cancer cells for a computer. He says this data helps the machine learn. “You can put the data into computers and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition is important to making decisions. ”可知, 在Rishi Rawat的研

21、究中, 输入电脑的数据有助于对癌症的识别。故选A。6. What is the purpose of David Aguss words in Paragraph 3 ?A. To provide some advice for doctors. B. To introduce the development of cancer. C. To appeal to scientists to research into cancer. D. To explain the function of AI in treating cancer. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中Scientist

22、s say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized. “科学家们表示, 人工智能可以做的不仅仅是计数细胞。通过机器学习, 它可以识别复杂的模式或结构, 并了解细胞是如何组织的。”可知, 在第三段David Agus所说的话是用来解释人工智能在治疗癌症中的作用的。故选D。

23、7. What can we infer from the text?A. AI can make decisions for doctors. B. Developing countries might be lack of funds. C. AI will hopefully make an accurate identification of cancer. D. Computing power has long helped with the identification of cancer. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段中The hope is that machines

24、will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. “希望机器很快就能快速识别出没有人类错误的癌症。”可知, C项正确。8. What is the authors attitude towards AI used in treating cancer?A. Positive. B. Indifferent. C. Doubtful. D. Negative. 【解析】选A。观点态度题。根据最后一段The University of Southern Califor

25、nia researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer. “南加州大学的研究人员目前只研究乳腺癌。但医生预测, 人工智能终有一天会在所有癌症中发挥作用。”可知, 作者对人工智能治疗癌症的态度是“积极的, 肯定的”。故选A。【知识拓展】长难句分析(Para. 3)Computers will not treat patients, but they wi

26、ll help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain cant recognize by itself. 分析: 这是一个由but连接的并列句;that引导定语从句, 修饰先行词things。翻译: 计算机不会治疗病人, 但它们会协助做出某些判断, 并寻找人类大脑无法自己识别的东西。. 完形填空On the snowy morning of January 28, I only planned to take my garbage out before heading straight back insi

27、de. However, while taking the garbage out to the1 along the road, my four-year-old black Labrador, Midnight, started acting strangely. Her ears perked up (竖起)2 me. I had never seen her make that expression. I felt something might be 3, so I let Midnight lead the way and followed her over to my 4 nei

28、ghbors house. When we got to a spot on the other side of the home, we 5 87-year-old Noreen lying in the 6. I figured she had been out there at least one and a half hours. Hurriedly, I 7 her up and brought her into my home. Once inside, my wife and I made sure she wasnt seriously injured and 8 she di

29、dnt have frostbite (冻伤). However, her hands were already 9 so we helped her warm up and gave her dry clothes. Later Noreen explained to me she had gone out earlier that 10 to fill her bird feeder before the temperature dropped even further the following day but she was 11in the snow after taking a 1

30、2 and hadnt been able to get up on her own. Noreen is now much better but knows how 13 she came to losing her life. She was grateful. “Midnight is without doubt the reason I am still 14 today, ” said Noreen. Without Midnight I would never have seen Noreen lying on the ground. Weve been very 15 of he

31、r because its not every dog that pays attention to things like this. 【文章大意】本文是记叙文。文章叙述了在一个极度寒冷的早晨, 一只拉布拉多犬的异常行为, 引起了主人的关注, 跟随他的狗, 他发现87岁的邻居倒在雪地上危在旦夕。他立刻对老人进行救助, 最后老人脱离危险。1. A. carB. mailboxC. dustbinD. court【解析】选C。根据上下文以及常识, 作者把垃圾拿出去放入外面路边的垃圾箱里(dustbin)。car“车”;mailbox“邮箱”;court“网球场”。2. A. looking at

32、B. walking besideC. looking afterD. listening to【解析】选A。根据第一段最后一个单词expression“表情”, 可以推断出来, 作者的狗竖着耳朵看着(looking at)他, 表情不寻常。walking beside“走在旁边”;looking after“照看”;listening to“听着”。3. A. uniqueB. specialC. wrongD. sharp【解析】选C。根据上文他的狗的异样行为和表情, 作者感觉到出了什么事情。something is wrong“出了什么事情”;unique“独特的”;special“特殊

33、的”;sharp“锋利的”。4. A. elderlyB. formerC. youngD. sick【解析】选A。根据下文87-year-old Noreen, 可以知道是上了年纪的(elderly)邻居。former“以前的”;young“年轻的”;sick“有病的”。5. A. foundB. rememberedC. recognizedD. knew【解析】选A。根据上下文, 作者发现(found)87岁的邻居正躺在雪地里。6. A. waterB. snowC. fieldD. wind【解析】选B。根据文章开头提到的snowy morning以及后面in the snow, 得知

34、这里老邻居是躺在雪地里。7. A. putB. liftedC. tookD. woke【解析】选B。当作者意识到老人躺在雪地里至少一个半小时时, 立刻把她抬起来(lifted up)并带回家。put up “建起”, took up“从事、拿起、占据”;woke up“唤醒”。8. A. understoodB. checkedC. promisedD. predicted【解析】选B。根据上下文, 作者和妻子检查(checked)一下看看老人是否有冻伤。understood“理解”;promised“承诺”;predicted“预测”。9. A. blackB. whiteC. blueD

35、. pink【解析】选C。根据上下文及常识, 她的手已经冻得发青(blue)了。10. A. morningB. afternoonC. eveningD. night【解析】选A。文章一开始就交代On the snowy morning of January 28, 所以这里选择morning。11. A. strugglingB. sleepingC. expectingD. surviving【解析】选A。根据上下文推断, 老人在雪地里摔倒了之后, 在雪地里挣扎(struggling), 试图站起来, 但是没有成功。其他不符合语境: sleeping“睡觉”;expecting“期待”;

36、surviving“生存”。12. A. breakB. fallC. breathD. step【解析】选B。根据上下文推断出来, 老人是在雪地里摔倒了, 爬不起来。take a fall“摔了一跤”;take a break“休息一下”;take a breath “喘口气”;take a step“采取措施; 迈出一步”。13. A. narrowB. painfulC. closeD. hopeless【解析】选C。Noreen现在好多了, 但她知道自己差点丢了性命。be close to doing “接近”, 固定搭配。narrow“狭窄的”;painful“痛苦的”;hopele

37、ss“没有希望的”。14. A. deadB. luckyC. freeD. alive【解析】选D。根据上下文可知: 邻居Noreen说, 她能活着(alive)多亏了Midnight。15. A. afraidB. awareC. ashamedD. proud【解析】选D。根据上下文, 作者为自己的狗救人的事迹感到自豪(proud)。be proud of “为而自豪”;be afraid of“害怕”;be aware of “意识到”;be ashamed of “为而羞愧”。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。We can live for

38、 weeks without food, days without water, but only a few minutes without air. The quality of the air we breathe is 1. _(extreme)important for overall health and wellbeing. Air pollution is a major cause of death 2. _ illness in the world. While there are several natural sources of air pollution, huma

39、n activities, among 3. _ industry, heating and transport are the most severe, have made a significant contribution 4. _ air pollution over centuries, particularly after the beginning of the industrial revolution in the late 1700s. Nowadays, outdoor air pollutants include fine particles from industry

40、, agriculture or burning fossil fuels, 5. _ (harm) gases, ozone, and tobacco smoke. Indoor air pollution levels are partly 6. _ (relate) to how well ventilated(通风) indoor spaces are. Indoor air pollutants include gases and very tiny matter from 7. _ (cook), various household chemicals, building mate

41、rials, tobacco smoke, and mould spores. Reducing air pollution is best 8. _ (deal)with at the regional or national level. The move to renewable energy sources 9. _ (have) the potential to completely reduce air pollution levels by avoiding one of the major 10. _ (cause) of air pollution: burning foss

42、il fuels. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述空气的重要性, 并列出了室外和室内的主要污染物。1. 【解析】extremely。 考查词性转换。此处为副词修饰形容词important。2. 【解析】and。考查连词。此处and用于连接并列名词death和illness。3. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处为“介词+which”引导的定语从句。4. 【解析】 to。 考查介词。make a contribution to为固定搭配, 表示“对做贡献;有助于”。5. 【解析】harmful。考查形容词。此处列举有害的污染物, 修饰gases, 意为: 有害的气体。6. 【解析】 relate

43、d。考查非谓语动词。be related to为固定搭配, 表示“与有关”。7. 【解析】cooking。考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词-ing形式作宾语。8. 【解析】dealt。 考查语态。此处reducing air pollution 与deal with为被动关系。9. 【解析】 has。考查主谓一致。此句主语the move为单数。10. 【解析】 causes。考查名词复数。此处为“one of+复数名词”结构, cause表“原因”, 为可数名词。【知识拓展】误区警示“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 一般考查介词的选择, 但有时给出介词, 要求考生填关系代词。这时考生受到母语影响, 往往不注意语法结构, 而填普通代词。如第3题容易误填them。