2021届高考英语二轮语法复习 专题8 时态和语态.doc

1、时态和语态教师学生时间和时段 年 月 日（ ： ： ）学科英语年级 教材名称 授课题目高考一轮专题复习八：时态和语态课 次第（ ）次课专题基础知识及运用【基础知识及练习】时态主动语态形式被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are/do/doesam/is/are done一般过去时 was/were/didwas/were done现在完成时has/have donehas/have been done现在完成进行时has/have been doing/现在进行时am/is/are doingam/is/are being done过去进行时was/were doingwas/were bei

2、ng done过去完成时had donehad been done将来完成时will/shall have donewill /shall have been done一般将来时will /shall doam/is/are going to doam/is/are coming/leavingam/is/are to doam/is/are about to dowill /shall be doneam/is/are to be done过去将来时would dowas going to dowas coming/leavingwas to dowas about to dowould b

3、e donewas/were to be done将来进行时will /shall be doing/一般现在时 一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。用所给词的适当形式填空：Ill go there after I _(finish) my work.The water will be further polluted unless some measures

4、 _(take)My train _(leave) at 6：30.A snow _(expect) to come next week.On the wall _(hang) a picture.This kind of cloth _(wash) well.Dont take it away. It _(belong) to me.He said water_(boil) at 100 .【答案】finishare takenleavesis expectedhangswashesbelongsboils一般过去时和现在完成时 一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，la

5、st year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so farup to nowup until nowby now，already，yet，several/many/.times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。请区别下列几组句子：He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦)He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)

6、Its two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)Its two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)This is the first/second/.time (that) I have_visited the school.This was the first/second/.time I had_visited the school. He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书)He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)I thought he

7、 was an American.(我原以为他是美国人)I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人)用所给词的适当形式填空：I havent seen you for ages. Havent you graduated from college?Yes. I_(study) English for four years in Nanjing University.Where _ you_(put) my book? I cant find it anywhere.Although he has lived with us for years，he _(not lea

8、ve) us much impression.My brother is an actor. He _(appear) in several films in the past few years.Li Pin may not come tonight.But he _(promise)【答案】studiedhave；puthasnt lefthas appearedpromised过去完成时和将来完成时 过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 200

9、0，by the time，hardly/scarcely/rarely.when.和no sooner.than.注表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/. to do.，but.I hoped/expected/. to have done.，but.I would like/love to have done.，but.I was to have done.，but.I was going to do.，but.I would have done.，but.I was coming/leaving/arriving/., b

10、ut.将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by将来的某个时间”。如：They will have completed the project by the end of next year.用所给词的适当形式填空：Helen _(leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _(come) home.I _(hope) to meet Mr. Thompson this morning，but I found nobody left in the room.By the tim

11、e he _(return) home，the work had been finished.By the time he returns home，the work _(finish)We plan to reach the North Pole in midJuly，and by then we _(walk) for six weeks.【答案】had left；camehad hopedreturned; will have been finishedwill have walked现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成进行时和将来进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况，计划、安排要做的事

12、，还可以表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly连用；过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作，还可以表示过去的将来动作；现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，还可以表示感情色彩；将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。用所给词的适当形式填空：Have you moved into the new house?Not yet. The rooms _(paint)My father _(fall) while he _(ride) his bicycle and _(hurt) himself.

13、Why are her eyes red?She _(cry)He _(fly) over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.You _ always _(watch) TV. Why not do something more active?Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?No，but we _(try) to get in touch with them ever since.【答案】are being paintedfell；was riding；hurthas bee

14、n cryingwill be flyingare；watchinghave been trying一般将来时 注意区别will do，be going to do，be about to do，be doing，be to do：will do表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势，此外，还表示临时决定；be going to do表示计划、打算要做某事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；be about to do表示立即的将来，因此，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用；有些动词如come，go，arrive，leave，begin等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状

15、态；be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“应该；想，打算；注定会”。用所给词的适当形式填空：Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your safety belt. The plane_(take) off.Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 _(take) off at 18：20.If you _(succeed)，you should work hard.Look at the dark clouds. It _(rain)The light is still on.Sorry. I _(go) and turn

16、 it off.【答案】is takingtakesare to succeedis going to rainwill goget过去分词 “get过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。用所给词的适当形式填空：The patient _(treat) once a week.He fell off the building and _(kill)【答案】gets treated/is treatedgot killed/was killed主动形式表示被动意义 需用主动形式表示被动意义的情况：当系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，sta

17、y等后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear，write 等词有状语easily，well等修饰时；measure，weigh，add up to后接数字时；在“be形容词to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The problem is easy to solve.need，want，require，deserve后接动名词主动形式，相当于to be done。如：The watch needs repairing.He deserves praising.be worth后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义。如：The book is well

18、worth buying.固定短语be to blame，be to let。The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A. was felt B. was to feelC. felt D. was to be feltI feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A. is to blameB. is going to blameC. is to be blamedD. should blameDoctors and medical sup

19、plies _ to the scene of the accident soon after the coal mine explosion.A. had rushed B. were rushedC. were rushing D. rushedThe moment the 28th Olympic Games _ open，the whole world cheered.A. declaredB. have been declaredC. have declaredD. were declaredWhy did you leave that position?I_ a better po

20、sition at IBM.A. offer B. offeredC. am offered D. was offeredHow are the team playing?They are playing well，but one of them _ hurt.A. got B. getsC. were D. isI want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.A. have told；washesB. have been told；washesC. was told；was washedD. have been to

21、ld；is washed【答案】CABDDAB感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 感官动词和使役动词的宾补是动词原形，改成被动语态时要加to。将下列句子改为被动语态：I saw him fall down.He was seen_I made him wash the dishes.He was made_【答案】to fall downto wash the dishes“据说/据报道/”的表达 Somebody is(was)said/reported/believed/thought/known to.意为“据说/据报道/大家认为/众所周之/人们认为”。此时，动词不定式有三种形式，即to do

22、, to be doing和to have done。到底用哪种形式，可用下面的方法来辨别：把不定式的动作发生的时间和谓语的动作发生的时间相比较：动词不定式动作先于谓语动作发生：用to have done；动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生：用to be doing；动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同为经常性：用to do。The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday. A. being robbed B. having been robbedC. to have been robbed D.

23、 robbedWang Ming is said _ abroad, but I am not sure which country it was. A. to study B. to have studiedC. to be studying D. to have been studyingLinda is thought _ in Africa, but I really dont know what country shes working in.A. to have worked B. to workC. to be working D. working 【答案】CBC不用被动语态的动

24、词或动词短语 appear，disappear，occur，benefit，end，begin，happen，last，spread，break out，take place，belong to，come about，suffer from等。用所给词的适当形式填空： The place caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _(remain) now. The medicine _(prove) vital for reducing fever and helping

25、stop pain. 【答案】remainshas proved【高考真题】1. So it was a great honorI _was allowed_(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.2. It was raining lightly when I _arrived_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.3. Im calling about the apartment you_advertised_(advertise)the other da

26、y.Could you tell me more about it?4. On Monday morning it usually _takes_ (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.5. 【改错】It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside._have_6. 【改错】When I was a child,I hoped to live in

27、 the city.I think I would be happy there._though_7. 【改错】Tony was scared and begun to cry._begin_8. 【改错】A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop._told_9. 【改错】My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m.We didnt need to do so much homework._dont_10. -Hi,lets go skat

28、ing. -Sorry,Im busy right now.I_am filling_(fill) in an application form for a new job.11. I_have read_(read) half of the English novel,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.12. Silk_had become_(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.13. In the last few years,C

29、hina_has made_(make)great achievements in environmental protection.14. -Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. -All right. I_will call_(call) him later.15. Close the door of fear behind you,and you_will see_(see) the door of faith open before you.16. -Did you enjoy the party? -Yes.We_were tr

30、eated_(treat)well by our hosts.17. To my delight,I _was chosen_(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.18. -Have you heard about that fire in the market? -Yes,fortunately no one_was hurt_(hurt).19. 【改错】Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are

31、 using for cooking._used_完形填空阅读下列短文,掌握其大意,从各题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 I went to a group activity, Sensitivity Sunday which was to make us more 1 the problem faced by disabled people. We were asked to 2 a disability for several hours one Sunday. Some members, 3 , chose to use wheel chairs. Others wore

32、 sound-blocking earplug(耳塞)or blindfold(眼罩).Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 4 experience. I had never considered before how 5 it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my 6 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheel were not 7 . Then I wondered where to put my 8 . It took me quite a while to

33、get the metal footrest into 9 . I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of 10 for several hours. For disabled people, adopting a wheelchair is not a temporary(临时的) 11 _ .I tried to find a 12 position and thought it might be restful, 13 kind of nice to be 14 around for a while. Lo

34、oking around, I 15 would have to handle the thing myself! My hands started to ache as I 16 the heavy wheels. I came to know that controlling the 17 of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n) 18 task.My wheelchair experiment was soon 19 . It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of disability gav

35、e me only a taste of the 20 ,both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome.1. A. curious about B. interested in C. aware of D. careful with2. A. cure B. prevent C. adopt D. analyze3. A. instead B. strangely C. as usual D. like me4. A. learningB. working C. satisfying D. relaxing5. A.

36、convenientB. awkward C. boring D. exciting6. A. heightB. force C. skill D. weight7. A. lockedB. repaired C. powered D. grasped8. A. hands B. feet C. keys D. handles9. A. place B. action C. play D. effect10. A. operation B. communication C. transportation D. production11. A. exploration B. education

37、C. experiment D. entertainment12. A. flexibleB. safe C. starting D. comfortable13. A. yet B. just C. still D. even14. A. shown B. pushed C. driven D. guided15. A. realized B. suggested C. agreed D. admitted16. A. lifted B. turned C. pressed D. seized17. A. pathB. position C. direction D. way18. A. e

38、asyB. heavy C. major D. extra19. A. forgottenB. repeated C. conducted D. finished20. A. weaknessesB. challenges C. anxieties D. illnesses答案：1:B 2:B 3:D 4:A 5:B 6:D 7:A 8:B 9:A 10:C 11:C 12:D 13:D 14:B 15:A 16:B 17:C18:A 19:D 20:C生词笔记整理：阅读理解 A My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I

39、 was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-fiv

40、e dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didnt got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. Then I started developing a problem with the set

41、 that involved static (静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this techniqu

42、e would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my

43、 fist, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.1 Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set? A. He got an older model than he had expected. B. He couldnt return it when it was broke

44、n. C. He could have bought it at a lower price. D. He failed to find any movie shows on it.2. Which of the following can best replace the phrase”signed off”in Paragraph 1? A. ended all their programs B. provided fewer channels C. changed to commercials D. showed all-night movies3 How did the author

45、finally get his TV set working again? A. By shaking and hitting it. B. By turning it on and off. C. By switching channels. D. By having it repaired.4. How does the author sound when telling the story? A. Curious B. Anxious C. Cautious D. Humorous答案：CADDB Your house may have an effect on your figure.

46、 Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan. Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments

47、are more likely to encourage overeating , for people are often less self-conscious（难为情）when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesnt have enough windows light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness. Mind the colors. Research suggests warm co

48、lors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when its time to repaint, go blue. Dont forget the clockor

49、the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories（卡路里） per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes, and while youre at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn

50、on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal. Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake（摄入） jumps by

51、 14 percent. And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.1. The text is especially helpful for those who care about_.A. their home comforts B. their body shapeC. house buying D. healthy diets2. A home environment in blue can help people_.A. digest fo

52、od better B. reduce food intakeC. burn more calories D. regain their appetites3. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A. Eat quickly. B. Play fast music.C. Use smaller spoons. D. Turn down the lights.4. What can be a suitable title for the test?A. Is Your House Making You Fat? B. Ways of Servi

53、ng DinnerC. Effects of Self-Consciousness D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?答案：BBCC生词笔记整理：七选五阅读根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Public Speaking TrainingGet a coach_1_,so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and cours

54、es, here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you.Focus on positivesAny training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you are

55、nt doing well. _2_,so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldnt do._3_If you find a public speaking course that looks as though its going to give you lots of dos and donts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about. _4_

56、. As far as were concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.You are a special person not a cloneMost importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. _5_. Your training cou

57、rse should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone youre not.AYou arent like anybody elseBYou already do lots of things wellCTurn your back on too many rulesDCheck the rules about dos and dontsEWhatever the presentation, public speaking is toughFThe one thing you dont w

58、ant is for them to fall asleepGSo trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse答案;EBCGA生词笔记整理：语法填空和短文改错第一节 语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you read a newspaper or listen to a newscast(news report) recently, you may hear or read a strange w

59、ord, “staycation.” Staycation is _1 _ new word the American press(newspapers, radio, and television) is using 2 (describe) a vacation very close to your own home, or 3 (simple) staying at home during your vacation. It is a 4 (combine) of the words “stay” and “vacation”. According to many news report

60、s, these staycations are very popular among American families this year. Why? The high price of gasoline for cars and airplanes has made it very expensive for Americans to travel 5 (compare) to past years. When you combine this with the weak American dollar, it all adds up to people deciding to stay

61、 close to home 6 their traditional summer vacations. Of course, some places are more 7 (interest) to “stay home at” than others. And if you live in a very small town, well, you may just want to skip your vacation and save your time up to next year! Everything is 8 (expense) nowadays, and lets face i

62、t -a vacation just may not be in your plan this year. You dont have to give up family fun just because you cant get away ; instead, follow my tips for an economical staycation filled with old favorites and new adventures! Staycations 9 (achieve) high popularity in current hard economic times in whic

63、h 10 (employ) levels and gas prices are high. 答案：1.a 2. to describe. 3. or 4. combination 5. compared6. during 7. interesting 8. expensive 9. have achieved 10. unemployment第二节 短文改错(共10小题:每小题1分，满分10分)Dear Mandy， Im not doing well in my lessons at school，especial in maths. My dad says I must try hard

64、because he wants me go to university. He thinks Im lazy，but its not true. I work really hard，often study late into the night！Ive tried to talk to my mother，but she always said I have to work as hard like my brother does. My brother doesnt study very hard，and he always gets excellent grades. Its not

65、fair!The only thing I like it is art. My teacher says Im the best student shes had for year. When I told my dad，all he said was，“You mustnt waste your time in art. You must focus your mind on your lessons！”Im feeling quite puzzling what to do now.Would you please help me out Thanks a lot! Yours sincerely， Lisa答案：