高考英语语法专项训练：第6讲_介词及介词短语.ppt

1、1高考链接体验考点梳理精讲要点知识点拨误区警示透析第06讲介词及介词短语2高考链接 体验返回目录3例 1：(2010天 津 卷)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.A.by B.on C.for D.against【解析】D本题考查动词与介词的习惯搭配。warn sb.against doing sth.相当于warn sb.not to do sth.,意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。4例2：(2011湖北卷)Wh

2、en asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A.in terms of B.in need of C.in favor of D.in praise of【解析】C考查介词词组。根据句意，“当在问及对这个学校的校长有什么看法时，很多老师支持年轻人，希望他让位。”in praise of 表扬；in terms of 就而言；in need of 需要。5例 3：(2011北 京 卷)With new tech

3、nology,pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _color.A.by B.forC.with D.in【解析】D考查介词的用法。in color以彩色照片或图片的方式摄制，固定搭配。take pictures in color拍彩色照片。6例 4：(2010北 京 卷)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden?They are _ everyones enjoyment.A.in B.atC.for D.to【解析】Cfor sb.s enjoyment是习惯用语，意思为“为

4、了某人的快乐”，其中sb.s也可以省去，变为for enjoyment，例 如：We work in the garden for enjoyment.我们为寻求乐趣而在园子里劳作。7例5：(2010重庆卷)The dictionary is what I want,but I dont have enough money _ me.A.by B.forC.in D.with【解析】D本题考查介词的搭配额。此处with me相当于on me 表示“身上带有”。I dont have enough money with me 意思是“我没有随身带那么多钱”。8【高考考查趋势】介词主要考查：1、常

5、用介词用法辨析；2、介词短语辨析；3、动词、名词、形容词与介词的固定搭配辨析。9考点梳理 精讲返回目录10考点梳理11返回目录2.12_ giving a general introduction to computer,the course also provides practical experience.A.In terms of B.In addition to C.In case of D.In spite of解析：选B。考查介词短语的辨析。in addition to 除之外；in terms of 就方面而言；in case of 防止；in spite of 虽然，尽管。根

6、据句意，应选B。133.144.1516牢记下列常见的复合介词：in addition to besides除以外，还有in case of 万一发生in common with与有共同之处，与相同in face of 面对in danger of 处于的危险中in need/want of 需要in short of 缺in favour of有利于17in exchange for 以交换in memory of 为了纪念in honour of 为了表示对的崇敬in praise of 为了赞美in charge of 负责in the charge of 由负责in possessio

7、n of 拥有in the possession of由拥有18in search of 为了寻找in preparation for为 作准备in place of 代替，而不是in hopes for/in the hope of 希望in front of 在的前面in the front of 在的前部in the form of 以的形式in the name of 以名义19in relation to 与相关；和相联系in response to/in answer to作为对的回应in return for 作为对的回报in spite of 尽管in terms of 就而言

8、20in harmony with 与和谐according to 依据，根据owing to/because of/on account of/due to 因为thanks to 多亏了by means of 凭借as for/to 至于21apart from 除以外except for除了(整体的某个不足的部分)regardless of 不管contrary to 与相反on behalf of 代表but for 要不是由于out of curiosity 出于好奇22考点5：注意下列带介词的词组：(1)介词to可表示“一一对应”关系，其搭配如下：与名词搭配：on the way

9、to在去的路上the solution to the problem问题的解决方法the key to the door门的钥匙the answer to the question问题的答案23to the point切中要害，中肯to ones taste合某人胃口to ones surprise/joy/delight令人吃惊/高兴/快乐的是24与动词搭配：devoteto 为作贡献dance to music 伴着音乐跳舞adaptto 适应adjustto 调节以适应attachto 把粘贴到上oweto 把归功于25(2)on的搭配难点词组：depend/rely on 依赖于be

10、hard on sb.对某人苛刻be on a research team 研究队中的一员take on雇佣；呈现(3)over可以表示“在某事/活动进行的过程中”，如：over a cup of coffee 在喝咖啡的时候over lunch 在吃中餐的时候26(4)考生要熟悉多个“形容词介词”的词组以及“be done介词(done已经形容词化，表示状态)”；如：be conscious of意识到be aware of意识到；明白be worthy of值得；配得上be absent from缺席be present at出席27be busy with/in doing忙于be an

11、xious about为担心be ashamed of因而惭愧28be suspicious of怀疑be different from与不同be similar to与相似be familiar with sth.熟悉某物be fond of喜爱be strict with sb.对某人严格be strict in sth.在某方面严格be popular with受到的欢迎29be tired of厌倦be lost in迷失在；专心于be related to与有关be devoted to致力于be satisfied with对满意be crowded with挤满了be stuck

12、 in陷入(某种困境)30要点知识 点拨返回目录31普通介词（如:at,by,for,in,over,to,up等）合成介词（如:onto,into,within,without）分词介词（如：concerning,considering,including等）介词简单介词定义：是由一个单词构成的介词。返回目录1.按结构分介词的分类32 双重介词：是由两个简单的介词重叠使用而构成的（如：from behind,from among）短语介词：两个或两个以上的词所组成的短语构成的，一般来说，这个短语的最后一个词是简单介词。（如：in case of,according to,out of,bec

13、ause of,by means of,in spite of,instead of）介词33表示时间的介词：at,on,in，after,for,since,by,till,until,during表示地点、位置的介词：in,at,round,around,beyond,on,beneath,over,under,above,below,up,down,before,behind,between,among表示方向、方位的介词：to,in,for,at表示空间运动的介词：along,across,through,over,up,down,from,to,into,out of介词返回目录2.

14、按意义和用法分34表示工具、方法和手段的介词：with,by,in,through,on表示原因的介词：because of,owing to,due to(一般不位于句首)，on account of,at,for,from,with,of，without，besides,except,except for,but,（意思较广）表示让步的介词：in spite of,despite,after all,for all,with all介词返回目录35 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾

15、语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。介词可分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)This machine is in good condition.(表语)Where is the key to my bike?(定语)She always thinks herself above others.（宾补）36热门考点梳理37【即学即练】单项填空It was a pity that the great writer died _ hi

16、s works unfinished.A.for B.with C.from D.of解析：选B。works 与unfinish之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。如果名词或代词与后面的动词是主谓关系，则用现在分词表示主动。【考点一】考查with/without复合结构38（1）by,in,on三词都可表示旅行的方式用by，名词前不加冠词。如by sea,by water,by land,by air等。涉及交通工具的名词时用by，如by bike,by train,by spaceship等。当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前加修饰语。leave on an ear

17、ly train，go to school on my bike等。注意：步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如on foot，on horseback，on a horse，on the camel。【考点二】考查工具、手段、方式介词39（2）with,by,in三词均意为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前。We see with our eyes,hear with our ears,and walk with our legs.by,in,on,over,through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如by hand,in ink,on the t

18、elephone,over the radio,through the telescope等。注意：1）使用语言、原料、材料时，用in表示，如in English/Japanese；in blue ink等。402）表达“用方法/式”时，所用介词有：in this/that/the same way，by means of，by this/that means，with this/that method等。41“of+抽象名词”的用法与形容词相近，在句中可作表语、定语、补语。of+great/much+抽象名词=very+名词的形容词形式of+no+抽象名词=not+名词的形容词形式It is

19、 of great value.=It is very valuable.It is of no use.=It is useless.【考点三】考查of+抽象名词的用法42by 表示“增加了”；to表示“增加到”；beyond表示“范围,限度超出”。【即学即练】Sorry,Madam.Youd better come tomorrow because its _ the visiting hours.A.during B.at C.beyond D.before解析：选C。考查介词的用法。beyond（时间）晚于，迟于。【考点四】考查表示程度的介词by,to,beyond43have no

20、choice but to do 只得做某事；cant help but do 不得不做；but for 要不是I have no choice but to accept his conditions.There was no taxi that day,I couldnt choose but stay there for【考点五】考查介词but的固定搭配44to 与情感类名词连用，toonesdelight/surprise/horror /sorrow/joy/regretto the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow /joy/regret of sb.用

21、作状语，通常置于句首To his disappointment,he failed again.【考点六】考查to ones+情感类名词45【考点七】考查名词与to构成的固定搭配key,approach,solution,answer,entrance,visit,attitude等与to构成固定搭配：The key/approach/solution/answer/entrance/visit/attitude to.It is said that they have adopted a new approach to teaching English.46(1)by+地点名词。表示方位，意

22、为“在旁边”。注意：表示“从旁边经过”时,多与动词go/walk/pass等词连用。(2)by+时间名词，意为“到时（已发生某事）；最晚,不迟于,在之前”,此时谓语多用完成时。(3)by+名词。可用来表示方法、方式、手段等。by+the+可数名词(时间、长度、重量等),意为“按计算;按买(卖)”。by+表示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名词（名词前不加冠词）,意为“按计算，按买(卖)”。【考点八】考查介词by的用法47by+表示交通工具、交通方式名词（名词前不加冠词，不用复数）,意为“通过；由；乘”。by+抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词（名词前不加冠词，不用复数），意为“靠；通过；由所致”。

23、by+地点或工具等具体名词。表示路线、途径，意为“通过（某物、某地）；取道”。by+动词-ing，意为“通过；靠；凭”。48(4)by+数量词。表示升降、增减的程度。表示距离和面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法中的运算。(5)by+身体部位/衣服类名词。表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分，常与catch/seize/take/hold/grab等动词连用。49It takes a long time to go there by train;its quicker by road.The man entered the room by the back door.The demand for organi

24、c food is increasing by about one third every year.Milk is sold by the pint,butter by the pound,and eggs by the dozen.50 选词填空（except/besides/expect for/that/but）Your article is quite good _ several spelling mistakes.Nobody knew his name _ me.Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these da

25、ys.I would buy the suit,_ it costs too much.Who _ a fool would do such a thing?【考点九】except,besides,except for/that,but选except for表示修正；选except表示排除在外；选besides表示“除之外，还”；选except that其后跟从句；选but，常用于疑问词后51解析：except指从整体中除去一部分,排除或不包括在内；besides意为“除之外（还有）”，表示包括besides之后的内容，含有“尚有”之意；except for 表示部分地修正主句的内容，带有一种

26、惋惜的语气；except that 与except for意义相同，只是except that后面接从句；but与except意思相近,常用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等不定代词和疑问词后面。注意：but前面的谓语动词是实义动词do时，后接省略“to”的不定式作宾语；反之，则后接带to的不定式作宾语。She had no choice but to wait.He did nothing but read a novel yesterday.What can you do but take back what you said.52重温高考531.(20

27、10高考英语上海秋季卷,25)Sean has formed the habit of jogging_ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A.between B.along C.below D.with【答案】B【解析】考查介词的用法，根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿着”时，应该选B。544.(2010高考英语浙江卷,7)I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just _.Aby nature Bi

28、n return Cin case Dby chance【答案】C【解析】本题考查介词短语。分析四个选项的意思：by nature 天生地；in return作为回报，作为交换；in case 万一，以防；by chance偶然地。根据句意：我想我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事，但是以防万一，我再问你一次。556.(2010高考英语四川卷,5)Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his back _ a big tree.A.in B.below C.beside D.against【答案】D【解析】考查介词。句意为：“累了，吉姆背倚着树，很快就睡着了。”against此处

29、意为：“倚着，靠着”；below“在的下方”；beside“在的旁边”；in“在的里面或时间之后”。567.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,25)Were planning to send out a thousand invitations _ Expo-volunteers.Aover Bin Con Dto【答案】D【解析】考查介词。语意：我们打算送1000张邀请函给世博会志愿者。send sth to sb意为送某物给某人，据此选D项。578.(2010高 考 英 语 辽 宁 卷,31)I agree to his suggestion _ the condition that he drops all charges.A.by B.in C.on D.to 【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。语意为：我同意接受他的提议，条件是他撤销全部的诉讼。on（the）condition that与连词if同义，表示“在条件下”，后接条件状语从句。根据语意选C项。