2020-2021学年高二英语同步备考之语法专练：专题14 主语从句和同位语从句 WORD版含解析.doc

1、主语从句和表语从句1. _ is known to us all that the old scientist, for _ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.A. As; whose B. It; who C. As; whom D. It; whom【答案】 D【解析】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：众所周知，这位年老的科学家，过去他的生活很艰难，在他八十多岁时仍然努力工作。It is known to us all that是个固定句型，意思是“众所周知”，这里it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主

2、语从句，如果用as的话，as is known to us all后面要用逗号与后面的句子隔开，没有that；第二空中句子包含一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，指人，只能用whom，故选D。2. _ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever【答案】 A【解析】考查主语从句。句意：这家商店的不同之处在于它提供更多的个人服务。what引导名词性从句时本身有意义，即表示“什么”或“所的事物”(=the thing(s)that)，

3、同时又在从句中充当一定的成分。whoever引导名词性从句时相当于anyonewho或those who。whatever引导名词性从句时相当于anything that，故选A。3. Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A. whatever B. wheneverC. wherever D. no matter what【答案】 A【解析】本句的是“特殊疑问词+ever”引导的主语从句。句意：一些人认为之前发生的或现在正在发生的任何事情在

4、将来都会重复发生。Whatever has happened before or is happening now是一个主语从句，whatever既引导起这个主语从句，也在句中做主语。BC项都属于副词的性质，都不能做主语，通常只能做状语；no matter what只能用来引导状语从句，故A正确。4. _ Qidong won the title of National Civilized City made people in the city very excited.A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether【答案】 A【解析】考查主语从句。句意：得知启东市获

5、得了全国文明城市的称号，全城的人都很激动。_ Qidong won the title of National Civilized City是一个主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，所以用that，故选A。【点睛】在句中作主语的从句叫主语从句(Subjective Clause).主语从句是一种重要的名词性从句，在高考试题中频频出现。那么高考对它考查的重点是什么? I.由what等连词引导的从句在主语从句中, what = the thing(s) that,它本身在从句中充当某个成分,或是主语,或是宾语,其含义为所做/说/想的.II.由that引导的主语从句that在主语从

6、句中不充当具体的句子成分，也无实际词义，只起连接作用，而且当它在句首时，不能省。III.由whether或if引导的主语从句whether与if皆可引导主语从句，但放在句首常用whether。IV.由whoever, whatever等引导的主语从句whoever = the person who或anyone who. who也可以引导主语从句,但只表示谁,如:Who will win is not important.anyone与the person皆不能引导从句.V.由it作形式主语引起的主语从句that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把that引导的主语从句放到句后.在下列情况下

7、,一般使用形式主语it,将主语从句放在句尾。5. With your help, there is no doubt _ _ our plan is meant for will work out successfully.A. what, that B. that, whetherC. that, what D. whether, what【答案】 C【解析】考查同位语从句和主语从句。句意：有你的帮助，毫无疑问我们的计划将顺利完成。With your help, there is no doubt that what our plan is meant for will work out s

8、uccessfully.同位语从句套主语从句；there is no doubt that xxxxx 是同位语从句；what our plan is meant for是从句的主语，意思是“我们计划的目的”。故答案为C。6. _ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever【答案】 A【解析】考查主语从句。句意：这家商店的不同之处在于它提供更多的个人服务。what引导名词性从句时本身有意义，即表示“什么”或“所的事物”(=the

9、thing(s)that)，同时又在从句中充当一定的成分。whoever引导名词性从句时相当于anyonewho或those who。whatever引导名词性从句时相当于anything that，故选A。7. While some behaviors may seem strange to you, remember you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others.A. it; that B. what; thatC. that; what D. which; that【答案】 C【解析】考查宾语从句和主语从句。句意

10、：虽然有些行为对你来说可能很奇怪，但请记住，你认为正常的行为对别人来说可能也不寻常。第一空为宾语从句，从句结构完整用that起连接作用，第二空为主语从句，从句中consider缺少宾语，应该用what，故C项正确。8. It has been pointed out _ plays a vital role in driving away ones anxiety is ones sweet childhood memories.A. what that B. whichC. that D. that what【答案】 D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：有人指出，驱除焦虑所起着至关重要的作用是童

11、年美好的回忆。本句时一个主语从句，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that what plays a vital role in driving away ones anxiety is ones sweet childhood memories.，主语从句中又有一个主语从句，且此主语从句中缺少主语，所以用what引导。故选D。9. _ in the regulations that you shouldnt tell other people the password of your e-mail account.AAs is required BIt is requiredCIt requir

12、es DWhat is required【答案】 B【解析】句意：根据规定，你不应该告诉别人你电子邮件账户的密码。固定句式：It is required that-“据要求，根据规定”，it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。故选B。10. In the past, _didnt make much of a difference to your success_ you had a good family background.A. that; if B. it; whether C. that; whether D. it; if【答案】 B【解析】考查形式主语和主语

13、从句。句意：在过去，是否有良好的家庭背景对你的成功并没有太大的影响。此处是it作形式主语，后面的主语从句是真正的主语，且if作“是否”讲时不能引导主语从句，故答案为B。11.China expects UN consensus _ solving the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue through dialogue is the only practical and right choice.A. what B. how C. that D. which【答案】 C考查同位语从句。句意：中国期望与联合国一致，通过对话解决朝鲜半岛核问题是唯一可行和正确的选择。此

14、处是that引导的同位语从句，解释说明UN consensus的内容。12. As teachers we shouldnt accept the argument given by some people _ standardized tests restrict educators too much and take the joy out of teaching.A. where B. what C. how D. that【答案】 D【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：作为教师，我们不应该接受一些人的论点，即标准化考试对教育工作者限制太多，使教育失去了乐趣。分析句子可知，本句为同位语从句，从

15、句的句意完整且句子不缺少任何句子成分，解释说明argument的内容，所以连接词为that。故D选项正确。13. There is no doubt _ the fact _ it is not suitable to grow cash crops here .A. whether, that B. that, why C. if, which D. about, that【答案】 D【解析】考查固定句型和同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，在这里种经济作物是不合适的。There is no doubt about这是毫无疑问的，该句型是固定句型；_ it is not suitable to gr

16、ow cash crops here .是一个同位语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，用that引导，故选D。14. There is consensus among Chinese people no country or individual can develop without copyright protection.A. where B. who C. whether D. that【答案】 D【解析】考查同位语从句的连接词。句意：中国人之间有一个共识，没有版权保护，国家和个人都无法发展。“共识”的具体内容就是“没有版权保护，国家和个人都无法发展”，两者之间是等位关

17、系。且从句是一个陈述句，不缺少成份，所以填that。故选D。15. The question came up at the meeting _ we had enough money to conduct the research.A. what B. if C. that D. whether【答案】 D【解析】考查同位语从句连接词。句意：会上提出了我们是否有足够的钱进行这项研究的问题。whether引出同位语从句，说明the question的内容，表示“是否”，而if不能引出同位语从句。故选D。16. There is no doubt _ what he said at yesterd

18、ays meeting was true.A. what B. that C. whether D. if【答案】 B【解析】考查固定搭配，句意：毫无疑问，他在昨天的会议上所说的话是真的。There is no doubt that为固定句式，意为“毫无疑问”。故选B。17. I hold to my belief _ development shouldnt be at the cost of the environment.A. that B. which C. what D. who【答案】 A【解析】句意为我坚信发展不应该以环境为代价。此句中belief 为抽象名词，后边的句子是解释b

19、elief的内容的，所以是同位语从句，从句不缺句子成分，因此用连接代词that。故选A。【点睛】同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，属于名词性从句的范畴，同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question， thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。引导词有that, whether, who,

20、 whom, what, whose, when, where, why, how等。此题很容易理解为定语从句，而导致选择错误。 that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句，其区别在于：1.同位语从句由连接词that引导，连接词that本身无意义，在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，不可省，不可以用其他词替代；2.定语从句由关系代词that引导，关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分，作宾语时可省略.此句从句不缺成分，从句是解释belief 的内容，是同位语从句，所以用that。18. The police have found enough evidence _ the murderer did

21、 on the scene.A. what B. that C. when D. how【答案】 A【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：警方已经找到了凶手在现场所为的充分证据。分析句子可知，此句是同位语从句，从句the murderer did on the scene.来解释说明名词evidence。分析从句可知，从句动词did缺少宾语，故用what引导。故选A。【点睛】本题考查名词性从句，首先判断属于哪种名词性从句，再判断从句缺少什么成分，如果缺少主宾表，用what，不缺少成分和意思用that，缺少疑问词根据句意判断。本题属于同位语从句，分析从句可知，从句缺少宾语，从而判断用what引导。19.

22、 The police have found enough evidence _ the murderer did on the scene.Awhat Bthat Cwhen Dhow【答案】 A【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：警方已经找到了凶手在现场所为的充分证据。分析句子可知，此句是同位语从句，从句the murderer did on the scene.来解释说明名词evidence。分析从句可知，从句动词did缺少宾语，故用what引导。故选A。20. There is much chance_Ms. Meng Wanzhou, CFO of HUAWEI company, will

23、 be set free and allowed to leave Canada soon.A. that B. which C. until D. if【答案】 A【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：华为公司首席财务官孟晚舟女士很有可能被释放，并很快被允许离开加拿大。分析句子可知，本句是同位语从句。本句的表语chance与后面的that引导的句子是同位语的关系，且同位语从句中不缺少成分。that引导名词从句时，在句中不作任何成分，只起引导词的作用。which在句中要作成份。until意为“一直到”，常引导状语从句。if意为“如果”，引导状语从句。分析语意可知，表语从句的句意完整，不缺少成分，要用that引导。因此A符合题意，故选A。