2021-2022学年新教材高中英语 课时评价十三 Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking（含解析）新人教版必修第一册.doc

1、十三Unit 4Reading and Thinking. 单词拼写1. Natural disasters, such as floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes(地震) and tsunamis, can happen at any time. 2. These dead animals should be buried(埋葬) immediately since they arent fit to be eaten. 3. If you are trapped in the ruins, please be calm and wait for t

2、he rescue(营救)team to help. 4. About twenty percent(百分比)of the students in this area cant pass this exam. 5. After the electricity(电) was cut off, the lights went out. 6. Though experiencing disasters(灾害), they still have a strong desire for study. 7. People were desperately seeking shelter (避难处) fro

3、m the gunfire. 8. Damage(损坏) caused by the flood is very terrible. 9. Upon hearing the funny story, everybody burst(爆发) into laughter. 10. In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought back to life after death(死亡). . 单句语法填空1. With more forests destroyed(destroy), huge quantities of go

4、od earth are being washed away each year. 2. The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely in ruins. 3. The big fire caused great damage to the building built last year. 4. He was trying to save the girl trapped(trap) in the burning house. 5. Burying(bury) my

5、self in preparing the coming final exam, I have no time to learn about the news at home and abroad. 6. A number of teachers are(be) present today, the number of whom is 300. 7. Second, the recording pen was not easy to operate(operate), which caused me much trouble. 8. All the listeners were greatly

6、 shocked(shock) when they heard the terrible news on radio. 9. When they put on their 3D image glasses, they will feel as though they were (be)actually in a classroom having lessons. . 完成句子1. Parents always spare no effort to pave the way for their childrens success. 父母总是会不遗余力为孩子的成功铺平道路。2. The situa

7、tion is easy to change if you take my suggestions into consideration. 这种处境很容易改变, 如果你考虑我的建议的话。3. Fortunately, after being trapped on the island for a week, the police came to their rescue. 幸运的是, 在被困在岛上一周之后, 警察来救他们了。4. The head teacher is too busy to answer your question. 校长太忙了没空回答你的问题。5. Ms McCormack

8、s feet flipped in to the air as if she were an Olympic gymnast. McCormack女士的双脚在空中翻转, 就好像她是一名奥运体操选手。6. It is shocking that the average starting age of smoking has trended downward over the past decade. 令人吃惊的是, 吸烟的平均年龄在过去十年里下降了。 . 阅读理解A(2021南昌高一检测)As most people know, in the last few years, sandstorms

9、 have swept across many cities and areas of North China, polluting the air and disturbing daily lives of human beings. People look dirty and suffer many kinds of illnesses, such as breath difficulty. The sandstorm is such a serious problem that it has not only weakened the industrial and agricultura

10、l development of our country but also caused a lot of trouble to the living conditions of the Chinese people. Therefore, effective measures should be taken as soon as possible to stop its happening. So how should we deal with the frightening sandstorms? Some experts offer practical advice as follows

11、: For one thing, more money ought to be put into tree planting and forest protection in order to keep more water on the Earth. For another, government of all countries should make laws on environment protection. For example, banning the use of throw-away chopsticks and punishing illegal tree cutting

12、. Scientists should also study and find ways to lower the grade of its destruction and to improve the environment. As for some schools, education about sandstorms should be spread properly and timely to make more and more people attach great importance to this problem. How people look forward to sun

13、ny days with soft wind touching their faces now and forever! The golden days can come back so long as we try our best to protect the natural environment from today on. And the fact is that what I expect is not just a dream. There are some sweet fruits from the early efforts. 【文章大意】本文阐述了沙尘暴对工农业及人们日常生

14、活的影响, 并提出了一些防治沙尘暴的措施。1. Whats the first paragraph mainly about? A. Bad influences sandstorms bring. B. Ways to protect the environment. C. The biggest cause of sandstorms. D. The fast development of China. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读本文第一段可知, 沙尘暴在许多地区, 污染了空气, 导致人们患呼吸困难等多种疾病, 扰乱了人们的生活。因此, 本文第一段主要大意是A项“Bad influen

15、ces sandstorms bring. (沙尘暴带来的不良影响)”。2. How many ways to deal with sandstorms are mentioned by some experts? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段可知, 专家对处理沙尘暴提出了四项建议, 分别是: 把更多的钱投入到植树和森林保护上; 各国政府都应该制定环境保护法; 科学家们也应该找到降低环境破坏程度的方法; 学校及时开展沙尘暴教育。故选C。3. What will the author probably write a

16、bout in the following part? A. Why people should always carry on with dreams. B. A bright world with no sandstorms anymore. C. How to realize our dream to live a happy life. D. Successful examples of stopping sandstorms. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知, 作者对于处理沙尘暴充满了信心, 他认为阳光明媚, 微风拂面不是一个梦, 尤其是提到了“早期的努力中有一些

17、甜美的果实”, 可推知, 接下来作者可能会讲到一些处理沙尘暴成功的例子。因此, 作者在接下来的部分中, 很可能谈到D项“Successful examples of stopping sandstorms (阻止沙尘暴的成功例子)”符合题意。故选D。B(2021烟台高一检测) Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earths plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which a

18、re called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake. Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquak

19、es. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists dont really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs. Shock waves from an earthquake that travel through the ground are called seismic waves (地震波). They

20、 are most powerful at the center of the earthquake, but they travel through much of the earth and back to the surface. They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound. Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called a seismograph (地震仪) to measure the size

21、of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude. To tell the strength of an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude Scale or MMS (it used to be called the Richter scale). The larger the number on the MMS scale, the larger the earthquake. You usually wont even notice

22、 an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3 on the MMS scale. Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale: 4. 0Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by. Some people may not notice. 5. 0If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. W

23、indows may break. 6. 0Items will fall off shelves. Walls in some houses may crack and windows break. Pretty much everyone near the center will feel this one. 7. 0Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street. 8. 0Many buildings and bridges fall down. Large cracks

24、in the earth. 9. 0 and upWhole cities flattened and large-scale damage. 【文章大意】主要介绍了关于地震的相关事实, 如地震产生的原因、大地震前后会有小地震、地震波的含义、地震强度的测量方式以及不同级别的地震可能会发生的一些事情。4. If a 5. 0-magnitude earthquake hit your area, what might happen? A. Your house might shake violently. B. People might feel no shaking at all. C. Th

25、e family photo may fall off the wall. D. There might be cracks everywhere on the street. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第五段可知“如果你在车里, 它可能会摇晃。杯子和盘子可能会发出响声。窗户可能破碎。”分析选项可知C选项: 如果你所在地区发生5. 0级地震, 全家福可能会从墙上掉下来。故选C。5. What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? A. Its still hard to tell f

26、oreshocks from main earthquakes. B. Scientists cant exactly measure the strength of an earthquake. C. People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong. D. The earthquake wont cause any damage unless it reaches 9. 0 MMS. 【解析】选A。句意猜测题。根据上文内容可知, 一般来说, 大地震前后会有小地震。之前发生的被称为前震。之后发生的称为余震。由此可

27、推知直到大地震发生, 科学家才真正知道这次地震是否是前震。可知画线句子意思为“前震和主震仍然很难区分”, 故选A。6. How does the writer explain the concepts concerning the earthquake? A. By listing examples. B. By giving explanations. C. By making comparisons. D. By offering data. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段可知在边缘被挤压的地方, 压力开始慢慢增大, 一旦压力足够大, 板块就会突然移动, 引起地震。主要为解释地震产生

28、的原因, 可知作者通过解释原因的论证方式来解释了有关地震的概念。故选B。7. Whats the purpose of the passage? A. To enrich peoples knowledge of self-rescue in disasters. B. To stress the importance of earthquake rescue. C. To issue early warnings before an earthquake. D. To present facts about the earthquake. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据文章第一句可知地震通常

29、发生在地球板块的边缘地带。以及后文主要说明了关于地震的相关知识, 可知这篇文章主要是为了介绍地震的相关事实。故选D。【阅读多维训练】Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake. 句式分析: 本句是一个复合句。句中where引导地点状语从句; once引导条件状语从句。译文: 在边缘被挤压的地方压力开始慢慢增加, 一旦压力足够强烈,

30、 板块就会突然移动, 造成地震。. 完形填空(2021大连高一检测)I felt very depressed the other day. The weather had been dark and rainy, and I just didnt feel so1. As I was sitting at my desk, I2it was the birthday of a dear long-time frienda single, middle-aged woman who has devoted the past 30 years to nursing and loving her3

31、 . Knowing that she didnt have family in town, I4to give her a call. Sure enough, she was on her shift, 5to work late into the evening, and wouldnt have 6of a birthday this year. As always, though, she 7cheerful and was happy that I 8. After I hung up, I couldnt9 the feeling that she would really ap

32、preciate a little attention on her special day. 10 feeling a little depressed myself, I tried to put it out of my mind, but as the day passed, I couldnt shake the thought. I 11gave in, and set off to the hospital with a card, a cheese cake, and some balloons that evening. My friends grateful smile a

33、nd joyful surprise 12 me that Id done the right thing, and they were a generous13for the little effort it had taken. When I got home, I realized that not only had I cheered up a14 friend on her birthday, but my own negative feelings had also disappeared. Making her day had made my own! Its just like

34、 the saying, “Loving kindness is twice blessed: it blesses him who gives; it blesses him who 15”. Life constantly presents us with opportunities to take an extra step or do a kind deed that will make a difference to someone. And the wonderful thing is that as we do, it changes things for the better

35、for us too. 【文章大意】作者讲述自己在心情不好的一天给一个护士朋友过生日获得的感悟: 生活总是为我们提供机会, 让我们多迈出一步或者做一件对别人有影响的善事。1. A. special B. positive C. nervousD. scared【解析】选B。句意: 天气一直阴沉, 下着雨, 我就是感觉不太舒服。根据空格前的句子可知, 作者心情不好, positive意为“乐观的”, 符合语境。故选B。2. A. explainedB. complainedC. rememberedD. informed【解析】选C。句意: 当我坐在办公桌前时, 我记得那天是一位老朋友的生日,

36、她是一位单身的中年女性, 在过去的30年里, 她一直从事护理而且热爱自己的工作。explained解释; complained抱怨; remembered记得; informed告知, 结合语境和下文作者给朋友打电话可知, 当作者坐在办公桌前的时候, 记起了那天是一个老朋友的生日。故选C。3. A. familyB. trainingC. workD. school【解析】选C。根据空格前的“who has devoted the past 30 years to nursing”可知, 她从事护士职业30年, 说明她很喜欢自己的“工作”。故选C。4. A. decidedB. continu

37、edC. agreedD. refused【解析】选A。句意: 知道她在城里没有亲人, 我决定给她打个电话。可知, 作者此时“决定”给朋友打个电话。故选A。5. A. surprisedB. disappointedC. boredD. prepared【解析】选D。句意: 果然, 她当时在值班, 准备工作到深夜, 不会有太多的时间过今年的生日。根据前面的“Sure enough, she was on her shift”可知, 她当时在值班, “准备”工作到晚上。故选D。6. A. muchB. manyC. littleD. few【解析】选A。结合上下文可知, 她要工作到深夜, 所以不

38、会有太多的(much)时间过生日。much代词, 此处指代时间。故选A。7. A. soundedB. lookedC. grewD. found【解析】选A。句意: 但是和往常一样, 我打电话的时候, 她听起来很开心。结合上文知道作者是打电话给她的, 所以根据语境可知, 她是“听上去”很高兴。故选A。8. A. admittedB. calledC. succeededD. apologized【解析】选B。admitted承认; called 打电话; succeeded成功; apologized道歉。前文提到give her a call, 因此该空用动词call表示“打电话”。她很开

39、心作者给她打电话。故选B。9. A. experienceB. imagineC. shakeD. understand【解析】选C。句意: 挂断电话后, 她一定会感激我在如此特别的日子里给她打电话, 这种感觉挥之不去。根据下文“. . . I tried to put it out of my mind, but as the day passed, I couldnt shake the thought. ”可知, 这种感觉一直在作者脑中挥之不去。couldnt shake the feeling表示“某种感觉挥之不去”, 故选C。10. A. AlmostB. EvenC. NeverD

40、. Still【解析】选D。句意: 我自己还是觉得有点沮丧, 我试图把它忘记, 但随着时间的推移, 我无法摆脱这种想法。结合本句中后半部分“我尽力要把它驱散, 但是无法摆脱。”可知, 作者“仍然”感到沮丧, 与文章开头相呼应。故选D。11. A. luckilyB. finallyC. unhappilyD. hardly【解析】选B。句意: 我终于屈服了, 带着一张卡片, 一个奶酪蛋糕, 还有几个气球去了医院。luckily幸运地; finally终于; unhappily不开心地; hardly几乎不。结合上文作者的心情沮丧, 尽力去摆脱这种想法, 但是经过一天的时间, 还是没能摆脱, 所

41、以“最终”屈服了。故选B。12. A. convincedB. advisedC. promisedD. reminded【解析】选A。句意: 我朋友感激的微笑和喜悦的惊喜, 让我相信我做了正确的事, 这是对我付出的小小努力的慷慨回报。convinced使信服; advised建议; promised承诺, 答应; reminded提醒。根据语境可知, 朋友的神情让作者“确信”自己做对了。故选A。13. A. responseB. contributionC. rewardD. share【解析】选C。response回应; contribution 贡献; reward回报; share分享

42、。她的笑容和惊喜使作者确信自己做对了, 这也是对作者慷慨的“回报”。reward符合文意。故选C。14. A. carelessB. lonelyC. weakD. curious【解析】选B。句意: 当我回到家, 我意识到, 我不仅在一个孤独的朋友的生日当天让她高兴起来, 而且我自己的消极情绪也消失了。由前文的she didnt have family in town可知, 作者的朋友是“孤独的”。故选B。15. A. triesB. receivesC. expectsD. cares【解析】选B。句意: 善良是双倍的祝福, 它既祝福给予的人, 也祝福得到的人。 tries试图; rece

43、ives接受; expects期望; cares关心。根据空格前的gives可知, 应用receives与gives相对应。故选B。. 阅读填句(2021厦门高一检测)Being prepared and knowing the right things you have to do during the flood will give you greater chance to be safe and survive. You can have something following in mind. 1Finding out how long the flood is expected t

44、o last will guide you in the proper measures and prevention you have to do. So do listen to the weather report. Dont pay attention to rumors(谣言). Prepare and keep necessary supplies that will be usable and will last long enough. Make sure that necessary items during the flood are ready. 2They are ca

45、ndles, radio, extra batteries, cash, phones, medicines, extra food, emergency cooking equipment, and bottled water, as water service may be cut off. Know the emergency(紧急情况) numbers in your place. In case of emergency conditions where you need further help, you will be able to ask for help. 3Stay in

46、 a safe place. 4If your house is well-built and wont be affected by flood, then it may be the best place to be during a storm. Be aware of the flood signal in your place to help you decide on where to stay and react to the condition. The flood often comes with the strong wind so board up and close w

47、indows. 5A. Know about the latest weather conditions in your area. B. Well keep you updated with weather information all day. C. Important items to prepare for that will help you survive. D. You can dial 911 or communicate with the right department. E. Do check everything that might be blown away or

48、 turn loose. F. Stay away from low-lying places which may be swept away by storm waves. G. Run down to the sea as quickly as possible even if further flooding is likely to occur. 【文章大意】做好准备, 了解在洪水期间必须做的正确的事情将会给你带来更多安全和生存的机会。文章介绍了一些在洪水期间要牢记的事情。1. 【解析】选A。此空是小标题。根据下文: 所以一定要听天气预报。可知, A项Know about the la

49、test weather conditions in your area. (了解你所在地区的最新天气情况。)符合上下文语境。故选A。2. 【解析】选C。根据上句: 确保洪水期间的必要物品准备好了。再根据空格下句可知, C项Important items to prepare for that will help you survive. (重要的东西要做好准备, 这将有助于你的生存。) 符合上下文语境。故选C。3. 【解析】选D。根据上文: 在需要进一步帮助的紧急情况下, 你将能够寻求帮助。可知, D项You can dial 911 or communicate with the righ

50、t department. (你可以拨打报警电话, 或者与正确的部门联系。) 符合上下文语境。故选D。4. 【解析】选F。根据下文: 如果你的房子建得很好, 不会受到洪水的影响, 那么它可能是暴风雨中最好的地方。可知, F项Stay away from low-lying places which may be swept away by storm waves. (远离那些可能被风暴冲走的低洼地带。) 符合上下文语境。故选F。5. 【解析】选E。根据上句: 洪水通常伴随着强风而来, 所以用挡板围住和关闭窗户。可知, E项Do check everything that might be bl

51、own away or turn loose. (要检查所有可能被吹走或松动的东西。) 符合上下文语境。故选E。语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In order to encourage literacy (读写能力) among kids who are more used to playing on their smart devices. LA County 1. (library) are no longer charging library late fees for young readers. To make it even 2. (ea

52、sy) for the kids, their schools have also signed up for library cards for them. For those 3. already have a late fee balance, the library offers a unique way to pay it back by reading it away. Kids can now go to their local library and tell the librarian that they would like 4. (pay) off their balan

53、ce. In turn, the librarian will start a timer and for every hour kids spends reading $5 5. (take) off of their debt. At least 100 students every week 6. (read) away their debt and a total of 3, 500 blocked accounts have been cleared. This debt relief can also be used for paying off lost or 7. (damag

54、e) books as well. The program has already had a major effect 8. readership in the county. 15, 000 kids have used their new library cards and parents said they allowed their children to check books out due to the 9. (decide). 10. seems that the smell of old books can still have a place in the younger

55、 generations hearts they just need a bit of encouragement. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了洛杉矶县图书馆为鼓励孩子读写识字所采取的措施。图书馆不再向读者收取滞纳金, 而是可以通过阅读的方式偿还滞纳金或赔偿损坏的书籍。1. 【解析】libraries。考查名词复数。句意: 为了鼓励那些习惯玩电子设备的孩子读写识字, 洛杉矶图书馆不再向年轻读者收取图书滞纳金。分析句子可知, 句中be动词使用了复数形式are, 为保持主谓一致, 因此主语要使用复数形式。故填libraries。2. 【解析】easier。考查形容词比较级。句意: 为了

56、让孩子们更方便, 他们的学校还为他们办理了图书馆借书卡。前文提到的young readers与该句中的kids形成了对比, even后可用形容词比较级, 加强语气表示强度, 意为“比更; 还要”。故填easier。3. 【解析】who。考查关系代词。句意: 对于已经存在滞纳金的人来说, 图书馆提供了一种独特的方式, 通过阅读来偿还。分析句子可知, 该句为定语从句, 从句中缺少主语成分, 且先行词是those, 因此只能使用关系代词who作主语。故填who。4. 【解析】to pay。考查非谓语动词。句意: 现在, 孩子们可以去当地的图书馆, 告诉图书管理员他们想要还清滞纳金。分析句子可知, 此

57、处是固定搭配would like to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”。故填to pay。5. 【解析】is taken。考查动词时态及语态。句意: 相反, 图书管理员会开始计时, 孩子们每读一小时书, 就会从他们的滞纳金中扣除5美元。分析句子可知, 5美元与take off之间是逻辑上的被动关系, 基数词加上表示时间、距离、价值或其他度量单位的名词时, 常常看成是一个整体, 作为主语时谓语动词用单数, 且此处陈述一般事实, be动词需使用一般现在时。故填is taken。6. 【解析】have read。考查动词时态。句意: 每周至少有100名学生通过阅读还清他们的债务, 3 500个被

58、封的账号还清了债务。分析句子可知, 此处表示通过阅读已经还清了债务, 即动作从过去开始, 到现在已经结束并对现在造成了影响, 因此需使用现在完成时。故填have read。7. 【解析】damaged。考查形容词。句意: 这种债务的减免也可以用来赔偿丢失或损坏的书籍。分析句子可知, 名词books前需用形容词修饰, 故填damaged。8. 【解析】on。考查介词。句意: 这个项目对全县的读者产生了重大的影响。分析句子可知, 此处为固定词组have. . . effect on意为“对产生影响”。故填on。9. 【解析】decision。考查名词。句意: 有15 000名儿童已经使用了他们的新图书卡。家长们说因为这项决议, 他们允许自己的孩子去借书。分析句子可知, 此处特指“这项决议”, 应使用名词。故填decision。10. 【解析】It。考查固定句型。句意: 旧书的味道似乎在年轻一代的心中仍有一席之地他们只是需要一点鼓励。此处为固定句型It seems that. . . , 意为“似乎; 看起来; 好像”, 故填It。