2019版二轮复习英语通用版练习：阅读理解文体分类练 WORD版含解析.doc

1、阅读理解文体分类练文体分类练(一)应用文(限时25分钟)AScotland Tour from LondonPrivate car/minibus 6 daysThe highlight of this overnight UK tour is Edinburgh, widely regarded as one of Europes most handsome cities.Your route takes you via the ancient university city of Cambridge, the historic town of Stamford, and either El

2、izabethan Burghley House or the magnificent Chatsworth House. Continue to York for your first two nights. Take a walk along the ancient city walls offering beautiful views, see the fine York Minster in England, and the “Shambles”， a perfectly preserved street of Medieval houses.On your way North cro

3、ss Hadrians Wall, built by the Romans about 120 AD and the romantic ruins of Jedburgh Abbey and Melrose Abbey where the heart of Robert the Bruce is buried. On your way to Edinburgh see Sir Walter Scotts home, Abbotsford House, Kelso a market town which he described as “the most beautiful in Scotlan

4、d” and Floors Castle, Scotlands largest inhabited castle owned by the Duke of Roxburghe.You will have two nights in Edinburgh. See its museums and galleries, Edinburgh Castle, the Palace of Holyroodhouse, the Royal Mile, Princes Street and Hopetoun House.On your fourth day visit ruined Linlithgow Pa

5、lace, birthplace of Mary Queen of Scots, and drive through Robert Burns country. The Lake District is a region of majestic mountain scenery, lakes and lush valleys: visit Wordsworths Cottage or Elizabethan Levens Hall.Your return to London will take you through StratforduponAvon immortalised by Shak

6、espeare, the Cotswolds and Oxford, Englands oldest university.Tour pricesPassengersPriceMediumUp to 24,160Extra largeUp to 55,360MinibusUp to 117,305Prices include: Prices include your guide, private car/minibus, overnight allowance for guide, tax and collection and return to your central London hot

7、el. Prices do not include entrance fees, parking, meals or hotels which we can recommend according to your preferences.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了从伦敦出发到苏格兰的六天旅行行程的相关情况。1Which of the following is in a ruined state?AYork Minster.BChatsworth House.CElizabethan Burghley House.DJedburgh Abbey and Melrose Abbey.解

8、析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the romantic ruins of Jedburgh Abbey and Melrose Abbey where the heart of Robert the Bruce is buried”可知选D项。2Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?AStratforduponAvon is in the Lake District.BAbbotsford House was home to Robert the Bruce.CMary Queen of Scots was born i

9、n Linlithgow Palace.DEdinburgh Castle was owned by the Duke of Roxburghe.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段中的“On your fourth day visit ruined Linlithgow Palace, birthplace of Mary Queen of Scots”可知选C项。3What is the right order of the sixday tour?ALondonYorkthe Lake DistrictEdinburghLondon.BLondonYorkEdinburghthe Lake

10、DistrictLondon.CLondonEdinburghthe Lake DistrictYorkLondon.DLondonEdinburghYorkthe Lake DistrictLondon.解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章中关于行程的具体介绍可知选B项。BEnglish SchoolsTheres no substitute for taking an English course in a high quality language school in an Englishspeaking country. Esllounge Student has partnered wit

11、h some of the best language schools in the UK. Choose a school from below. We can offer discounts on English courses!Burlington School, LondonBurlington School is located in Parsons Green, 15 minutes by underground from the centre of London. Our standard of teaching is high, with courses in General

12、and Specialist English. The coffee bar is open all day serving freshlycooked meals, and the school organises a range of social activities to complement (补充) the classes. Students live either in homestays or in one of our hostels.See Burlington School courses and save 10%University of Liverpool, Engl

13、ish Language CentreYou can have confidence in the University of Liverpool, which is ranked in the top 1% of higher education institutions worldwide. While studying here, you will benefit from modern and dynamic English teaching methods in small classes of fewer than 16 students.See University of Liv

14、erpool courses and save 12%Interactive English School, BrightonWe are a small friendly school. Being a small school means we can cater for your individual needs more easily than larger schools can. All of our teachers are native speakers, qualified and experienced. Our prices are very affordable and

15、 start from 60 per week for fulltime courses of 20 lessons.See Interactive English School courses and save 7%New School of English, CambridgeThe New School of English is located in the beautiful city of Cambridge. The school is open all year and provides a range of English language courses for adult

16、s from all over the world (minimum age 16). These courses cover General English as well as courses for professionals looking to focus on specific topic areas. They have a range of accommodation choices for students.See New School of English courses and save 5%语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四所优质的语言学校。4What can w

17、e know about Burlington School?AIt is open all year.BIt is located in London.CIt provides no accommodation.DIt offers no social practice classes.解析：选B细节理解题。根据Burlington School, London部分中的具体介绍“Burlington School is located in Parsons Green, 15 minutes by underground from the centre of London.”可知，柏林顿学校

18、位于伦敦市，且乘地铁只需15分钟就能从市中心到达该学校。5Which school offers the biggest discounts?ABurlington School.BNew School of English.CUniversity of Liverpool.DInteractive English School.解析：选C细节理解题。根据介绍每个学校部分的最后一句可知，文中四所学校的折扣依次是10%,12%,7%和5%，因此第二所学校即利物浦大学的折扣最大。6How is New School of English different from the others?AIt

19、sets a strict age limit.BIts accommodation is optional.CIts teachers are qualified and experienced.DIt offers General and Specialist English courses.解析：选A细节理解题。根据New School of English, Cambridge部分的“The school . provides a range of English language courses for adults from all over the world (minimum

20、age 16)”可知，只有年满16岁的成年人才可以进入该校学习。其他学校没有提到关于年龄方面的限制。7Who would be interested in the schools?AEnglish professors.BNative English speakers.CForeign English learners.DStaff of esllounge Student.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Theres no substitute for taking an English course in a high quality language school in an En

21、glishspeaking country.”和下文对学校的介绍可以推知，想学英语的外国学生可能会对这些学校感兴趣。CWilliam Wordsworth and the Lake DistrictAfter writing Lyrical Ballads (1798), Britains great poet William Wordsworth returned to his roots in the Lake District and remained there until his death in 1850.This introductory guide takes you thro

22、ugh the heart of William Wordsworths Lake District from Grasmere through Rydal Mount via Ambleside to Windermere.GrasmereOn 17th December 1799 William Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy moved into Dove Cottage, Grasmere. Here William Wordsworth wrote Ode: Intimations of Immortality, the 1805 Prelude,

23、 most of Poems in Two Volumes (1807) and the Preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads and Dorothy kept her famous Grasmere Journal, now on display in the museum.Rydal MountWilliam Wordsworth moved from Dove Cottage in Grasmere to Rydal Mount in 1813. He lived here until his death in 1850. Th

24、e property is still owned by his descendants (后代)The house is situated between Ambleside and Grasmere, close to Rydal Water. Here he landscaped the garden and wrote The River Duddon, Ecclesiastical Sonnets, Surprised by Joy, The Longest Day and revised The Prelude, which appeared after his death.Amb

25、lesideWilliam Wordsworth worked in Ambleside at The Old Stamp House from 18131843 when he was Distributor of Stamps for Westmoreland. In 1820 he published his Guide through the District of the Lakes. Then he succeeded Robert Southey as Poet Laureate (桂冠诗人) in the same year as he resigned from office

26、.WindermereOutside Windermere on the A591 is the view that William Wordsworth described in The Prelude Book .The town came into existence with the Kendal and Windermere Railway, which was built in 1844. The railway line ends at Windermere Railway Station thanks to the local opposition to its continu

27、ation, led by Wordsworth in speeches, letters to the press and two sonnets.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了对英国著名诗人威廉华兹华斯的家乡的湖区之行。8Which of the following was written in Dove Cottage?AThe Longest Day.BEcclesiastical Sonnets.CGrasmere Journal. DThe River Duddon.解析：选C细节理解题。根据Grasmere部分中的“moved into Dove Cottage, Gra

28、smere . Dorothy kept her famous Grasmere Journal”可知选C项。9What do we know about Rydal Mount?AIt is located in Grasmere.BThe Prelude was published there.CWilliam Wordsworth wrote Lyrical Ballads there.DIt is owned by William Wordsworths family now.解析：选D细节理解题。根据Rydal Mount部分中的“The property is still owne

29、d by his descendants (后代)”可知选D项。10Which of the following is TRUE about William Wordsworth?AHe designed a garden in Grasmere.BHe worked in Ambleside for 30 years.CHe and Dorothy wrote Ode: Intimations of Immortality.DHe argued against the railway line in The Prelude Book .解析：选B细节理解题。根据Ambleside部分中的“W

30、illiam Wordsworth worked in Ambleside at The Old Stamp House from 18131843”可知，威廉华兹华斯在Ambleside工作了30年。11When did William Wordsworth become Poet Laureate?AIn 1813. BIn 1820.CIn 1843. DIn 1850.解析：选C细节理解题。Ambleside部分中的“William Wordsworth worked in Ambleside at The Old Stamp House from 18131843”以及“Then h

31、e succeeded Robert Southey as Poet Laureate (桂冠诗人) in the same year as he resigned from office.”可知，威廉华兹华斯在1843年成为了桂冠诗人。DLooking for a little culture? Check out some of the valleys finest museums and art exhibits. From contemporary paintings displayed through the glass of empty storefronts, to religi

32、ous paintings, theres always something for everyone.BYU Museum of Art (North Campus Drive, Provo): Specializing in American art from the late 18th century to the present, BYU Museum of Art has the most extensive collection in the valley. Its 17,000 permanent paintings, photographs, prints and sculpt

33、ures are housed in a triangular building, architecturally designed to be art itself. The museum displays works by artists such as J. Alden Weir, Mahonri Young, Maynard Dixon, Minerva Teichert, Carl Bloch and Rembrandt. Outside, the landscaped sculpture garden is a relaxing oasis (舒适的地方). From Januar

34、y 20th to May 29th, the museum will be hosting the exhibit: Photographing Silence: Juan Rulfos Mexico. Admission: Free. Phone: 8014228287. Hours: 10 am.9 pm. Monday; 10 am.6 pm. TuesdayFriday; 1 pm.5 pm. Saturday; Closed Sundays.Storefront Window Displays (Empty storefronts throughout Provo): Local

35、artists are making use of vacant Provo properties with the Storefront Gallery program. On Center Street and a number of other locations throughout the city, works of art are displayed through the glass of these empty businesses. This fresh style of display is popular with upandcoming artists as well

36、 as the casual passersby that get to enjoy the displays. Admission: Free (all art is seen from the sidewalk). Hours: All day, every day. Website: ForSale Galleries (Throughout the valley): Visiting commercial galleries can be a unique way to get your art fix. Surrounded by restaurants and comedy clu

37、bs, Center Streets Window box Gallery (8013774367) features patriotic, religious, and Western pieces. The Thomas Kinkade Renaissance Signature Gallery (8012268686) in the University Mall features religious pieces by its namesake artist. City streets, stripmalls, and plazas are common places for thes

38、e everchanging commercial galleries.UVSC Woodbury Art Museum (575 East University Parkway): Located inside the University Mall, the Woodbury museum features a variety of changing exhibits. The museum will feature a faculty (学院) exhibit during the month of March and a student exhibit during the month

39、 of April. Admission: Free. Phone: 8014266199. Hours: 10 am.5：30 pm.MondayFriday; 10 am.8 pm. Saturday; Closed Sundays.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国犹他州小城Provo的一些艺术博物馆及有关展览。12When can you admire photographs about Mexico?A10 am.9 pm. Mondays in June.B10 am.6 pm. Tuesdays in May.C10 am.8 pm. Saturdays in April

40、.D10 am.5：30 pm. Sundays in March.解析：选B细节理解题。由第二段中的“From January 20th to May 29th, the museum will be hosting the exhibit: Photographing Silence: Juan Rulfos Mexico.”再结合BYU Museum of Art的开放时间可知选B。13At which place can people relax in a sculpture garden?ABYU Museum of Art.BStorefront Window Displays.C

41、ForSale Galleries.DUVSC Woodbury Art Museum.解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段中的“Outside, the landscaped sculpture garden is a relaxing oasis (舒适的地方)”可知选A。14What do we know about Storefront Window Displays?AThey feature exhibits by students.BArtwork is displayed in a unique way.CIt requires a ticket to enjoy the exhib

42、its.DThey display works from around the world.解析：选B细节理解题。由第三段中的“works of art are displayed through the glass of these empty businesses. This fresh style of display . to enjoy the displays”可知选B。15Which number can you call if you want to buy a picture by Thomas Kinkade?A8014228287. B8013774367.C801226

43、8686. D8014266199.解析：选C细节理解题。由第四段中的“The Thomas Kinkade Renaissance Signature Gallery (8012268686) in the University Mall features religious pieces by its namesake artist.”可知选C。1语言特点：语言简练，就其用词来看，文章里有大量生僻的专有名词，如地名、人名、机构名、组织名、书名、作品名等。2结构特点：应用文主要用于传递信息，高考卷中所采用的应用文通常有两种行文方式。一种是文中的几则信息构成平行并列结构，即每一则信息中的项目及

44、其位置有一致性和对应性，几则信息前有时会用一个段落对文章信息作整体上的说明；另一种是针对某一主题分项、分条目地呈现信息，每个段落围绕小标题呈现某一方面的信息。3答题误区：应用文阅读理解试题难度不大，故答题时要谨防过于草率。出错的原因有可能是看信息时看错位置，也有可能是为了追求速度只凭大致印象答题。因此，做题时一定要看准信息并在文章中找出相关信息以确保万无一失。另外，不要一字不落地阅读全文，这样会浪费很多时间，而是应该有选择性地快速筛选和获取答题所需要的信息。4阅读策略应用文阅读理解总体上要做到稳、准、快，在确保准确率的基础上提高阅读速度，以节省时间。解题时，要做到：(1)快速浏览知主题。快速浏

45、览加粗字体的标题、小标题或加下划线的语句等最重要的信息，以了解语篇提供的是哪方面的信息，并判定行文方式。(2)速读题干，跳读定位信息。接下来阅读每一道试题，根据题干定位信息区间，并在文章中找出答案或相关信息。在定位和寻找信息区间的时候，可以充分利用加粗字体的标题、小标题、加下划线的语句等重要信息提高阅读和解题速度，如果每则信息的项目及其位置具有一致性和对应性，就可利用其一致性和对应性快速查找答案，查找信息时不一定要读完全文。(3)细读解题信息。最后，根据查找的相关信息，经过比对选项选出正确答案。文体分类练(二)记叙文(限时28分钟)AThe sun was rising when Daryls

46、 delivery truck reached the highway. This was the best time of day to drive, when the roads were wide open and empty. He felt sure he was going to make it to Los Angeles before midnight. It looked like it was going to be a good day.Then he saw it, a large lump in the middle of the road. Daryl often

47、passed dead animals on the roadside but he knew that this was something different. He slammed on his brakes and the truck screeched to a halt.The lump was a girl. He tried shaking her awake but she wouldnt move, so he picked her up and carried her to the side of the road. At least she wouldnt be run

48、 over there.Now she was someone elses problem. He had to make it to Los Angeles by midnight and didnt have time to be a hero. He climbed back into his truck but as he looked in his mirror and saw the girl lying still by the side of the road, he knew he couldnt leave her. Daryl put her into his truck

49、 and drove to the next town.An hour later he pulled up at the police station. After explaining what had happened, he prepared to leave, only for the policeman to say that he needed to make a report. Daryl knew this would take several hours, but he had no choice. There was no way hed get to Los Angel

50、es on time now.Three hours later the report was done and the girl had recovered somewhat. She explained that she had fallen on the highway, weak from hunger, but could remember nothing else. She also thanked Daryl for saving her life. Daryl told her that he had been happy to help, but as he got back

51、 into his truck he knew his boss wouldnt be.Just as he was about to pull back onto the road, his mother called. “Have you seen？” she said, “A bridge collapsed two hours ago, the one that you drive over on the way to Los Angeles.”Daryls_blood_ran_cold. If he had been on time, he would have been on th

52、at fallen bridge about two hours ago. Daryl realized how lucky he was.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Daryl在送货途中看到一位晕倒的女孩，为了帮助她而耽误了不少时间，不能按时交货，他担心老板会生气。此时母亲打电话过来，告诉他他要经过的一座桥梁在两小时前塌方了，Daryl因为帮助他人而逃过一劫。1What did Daryl plan to do in Los Angeles?AGo on holiday.BDeliver some goods.CVisit his mum. DReport to his boss.解析：选B

53、细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“Daryls delivery truck”可知他是去洛杉矶送货物的。2Why did Daryl first leave the girl by the side of the road?AHe didnt want to be late.BHe thought the girl would be fine.CHe knew that someone else would help.DHe worried the police would blame him.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“He had to make it to Los Angel

54、es by midnight and didnt have time to be a hero.”可知，他需要在午夜之前赶到洛杉矶，怕救女孩而迟到，所以最初他把那位女孩留在路边。3How did Daryl feel after he left the police station?AConfident that he would be on time.BAngry that he had to make the report.CProud that he had saved the girls life.DWorried that his boss would be angry.解析：选D细

55、节理解题。根据第六段最后一句中的“as he got back into his truck he knew his boss wouldnt be”可知，当他离开警察局回到自己车上的时候，他担心老板会生气。4What does the underlined expression “Daryls blood ran cold” in the last paragraph suggest?ADaryl was now feeling more relaxed.BDaryl thought he would be in trouble.CDaryl was greatly shocked by t

56、he news.DDaryl felt the sudden change in temperature.解析：选C句意理解题。根据上下文可知，Daryl出了警察局后，接到妈妈的电话说前方路上的桥梁塌方了，而他由于救助了那个女孩而幸免于难，所以这里表示Daryl对这个消息感到极度震惊。BWhen I was a small boy, I noticed that though many of the adults around me were wealthy and educated, they were not always happy and this sometimes led them

57、 to behave in ways, which I, as a child, thought strange. As a result of that, I decided to try to understand what happiness was and how best to achieve it. It was not surprising, then, that I decided to study psychology.On arrival at the university, I was disappointed to find that academic psycholo

58、gists were trying to understand human behaviour by studying rats in a lab. I felt that there must be other more useful ways of learning how we think and feel. I decided to build my career on trying to discover what made others happy. I started out by studying creative people such as musicians, artis

59、ts and athletes because they were people who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do, rather than things that just brought them financial rewards.Later, I expanded the study by inventing a system called “the experience sampling method”. Ordinary people were asked to keep an electronic pa

60、ger (传呼机) for a week which gave out a beeping sound eight times a day. Every time it did so, they wrote down where they were, what they were doing, how they felt and how much they were concentrating. This system has now been used on more than 10,000 people, and the answers are consistent: as with cr

61、eative people, ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard.I found that the most obvious cause of happiness is intense concentration. This must be the main reason why activities such as music, art, literature, sports and other forms of leisure have survived. In order to concentrate, whether

62、 youre reading a poem or building a sandcastle, what you need is a challenge that matches your ability. The way to remain continually happy, therefore, is to keep finding new opportunities to improve your skills. This may mean learning to do your job better or faster, or doing other more difficult j

63、obs. As you grow older, you have to find new challenges which are more appropriate to your age.5What led the author to study psychology?AHis determination to become rich.BHis observation of adults.CHis unhappy childhood.DHis interest in strangers.解析：选B推理判断题。第一段提到作者小时候看到周围富有且受过教育的成年人并不总是快乐的，因而决定找到使人们

64、获得快乐的途径，由此可推断：他对成年人的观察促使他学习心理学。6Who were the authors study subjects at the start of his career?APeople having deep affection for their career.BPeople very aware of their personal life.CPeople successful in acquiring wealth.DPeople with more freedom.解析：选A推理判断题。由第二段中的“I started out by studying . who d

65、evoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do”可知，作者开始选择的研究对象是热爱自己事业的人。7The author used his system to show that _.Apeoples happiness depends on who they are withBpeople are happier when they focus on an activityCcreative people are happier than ordinary peopleDordinary people find it hard to con

66、centrate解析：选B细节理解题。由第三段中的“as with creative people, ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard”可知，作者采取经验取样法研究发现：普通人和有创造性的人一样，他们在集中精神做事情的时候最快乐。8According to the text, people concentrate more when they are doing _.Asomething strange and enjoyableBsomething difficult but possibleCthings approp

67、riate to their agesDmany things at the same time解析：选B推理判断题。由最后一段中的“intense concentration”及“challenge that matches your ability”等可知，人们在做具有一定难度但又是自己能力所及的事情时精神最集中。CBeloved childrens books can feel timeless, and so theres some kind of poetic_justice when their authors live long lives. Think Maurice Send

68、ak, author of Where the Wild Things Are, who died at age 84. Or the writer Laura Ingalls Wilder, she died at age 90. Some authors live longer. Beverly Cleary, who turned 100 on April 12, 2016, is one in that small but respected group.Cleary is best known for kids classics like “Henry Huggins”. Over

69、the years, shes sold more than 91 million copies of her 39 books worldwide. She has been honored with everything from multiple Newbery Medals and Honors to a “Living Legend” designation (称号) from the Library of Congress.Cleary is almost synonymous (同义的) with Portland, Oregon. She spent much of her y

70、oung life in the city and turned her reallife experiences into childrens books that incorporate (包含) real places that can still be visited today. And perhaps the perfect cherry on top of a Clearythemed tour through the rosedecorated city is a trip to the sculpture garden built in her honor in Grant

71、Park in northeast Portland.The Beverly Cleary Sculpture Garden for Children was built by a group of librarians, teachers and Portland locals eager to pay their respects to their favorite author of childrens books. The park itself is featured in several Cleary books. It features lifesized statues of

72、Ramona Quimby, Henry Huggins and Huggins dog, Ribsy. Quotes from the books and fountains make the garden even more fun.Want to take your Cleary sculptural viewing to another level in honor of her 100th? Stop by the Multnomah County Librarys central branch and see if you can find a plaque (匾额) featur

73、ing a description of the timeless and, seemingly, ageless author.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。贝芙莉克莱瑞是美国著名的儿童作家，她获奖无数，被称为“活着的传奇人物”。9What does the underlined part “poetic justice” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?ADeserved rewarding. BHeavy punishment.CTerrible suffering. DGreat experience.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Beloved chi

74、ldrens books can feel timeless”可以推知，作家寿命长是他们“应得的奖赏(Deserved rewarding)”。10Which of the following words can be used to describe Beverly Cleary?AOptimistic. BSuccessful.CGenerous. DCourageous.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“sold more than 91 million copies of her 39 books worldwide, multiple Newbery Medals and Hon

75、ors”和“Living Legend”可知，贝芙莉克莱瑞是一名非常成功的儿童作家。11Why is Cleary connected with Portland closely?AShe was born in Portland.BHer stories are mainly set in Portland.CThere is a Clearythemed park in Portland.DShe has lived in Portland for most of her life.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She . turned her reallife experienc

76、es into childrens books that incorporate (包含) real places that can still be visited today.”可以推知，人们总是将克莱瑞的名字和波特兰联系在一起是因为她以这个城市为背景创作出许多受欢迎的作品。12What can we learn about the sculpture garden?AIt is full of beautiful roses.BIt keeps all of Clearys books.CIt was built by the local government.DIt shows som

77、e characters in Clearys books.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Cleary is best known for kids classics like Henry Huggins”和第四段中的“It features lifesized statues of Ramona Quimby, Henry Huggins and Huggins dog, Ribsy.”可知答案。DWhen we moved to the Australian outback, the previous tenants (房客) had left some of their pets

78、, including a big fat shiny cow. He was a huge creature, and very friendly. We discovered much to Mothers anger, the reason his coat was so shiny was he loved to eat the velvet soap (used for washing clothes)The laundry was quite a distance from the main house and half way in between the laundry and

79、 house there was an artesian bore (自流井眼) which used to run constantly with warm salty water. The cow would open the laundry door and eat great quantities of the velvet soap. Hed then go to the bore and drink equal quantities of the hot water. After this he would walk around the yard blowing great bi

80、g bubbles while belching (打嗝)!We as children would encourage him to eat the soap so he could blow the bubbles. Mother did not！She had to hide the soap so that the cow could not find it.The other pet was a black crow (乌鸦). The crow spent its life waiting for Mother to peg (用衣夹夹住) the washed clean clo

81、thes on the outside line. The pegs at that time didnt work well. The crow would wait and once Mother had pegged out the clothes and gone inside he would pull all the pegs off and the clothes would land in the red dust underneath the line.We thought the crow was pretty smart and would wait for it to

82、do its dirty deed. Mother, who had a very short temper, would get her long gun and shoot at the crow. Finally, one day it disappeared.Some weeks later Dad reported to Mother that the next door neighbour (who lived 25km away) asked if we were missing a crow who had the shocking habit of pulling the p

83、egs out of the clothes on the clothes line. I remember Dad being threatened with something worse than death if he admitted it had come from our house.13Why did the cow have shiny fur?AIt liked eating soap.BIts fur was washed with soap.CBecause of the local environment.DBecause of the special grass i

84、t ate.解析：选A细节理解题。由第一段末的“We discovered much to Mothers anger, the reason his coat was so shiny was he loved to eat the velvet soap”可知答案。14What did the author think of the cow?AIt was lazy. BIt was brave.CIt was funny. DIt was stupid.解析：选C推理判断题。由第三段开头的“We as children would encourage him to eat the soa

85、p so he could blow the bubbles.”可知，作者小时候很喜欢看牛吃完肥皂后吹泡泡。由此可推断，作者觉得这头牛很有趣。15What did the crow do?AIt stole pegs.BIt repaired pegs.CIt made trouble for Mother.DIt helped Mother wash clothes.解析：选C推理判断题。由第四段中的“The crow . would pull all the pegs off and the clothes would land in the red dust underneath the

86、 line.”可知，乌鸦会趁母亲离开时把晾衣夹拔下来，导致母亲刚洗的衣服全都掉在了满是灰尘的地上。故可推知乌鸦给母亲制造了麻烦。16After disappearing from the authors house, the crow _.Adied of hungerBbroke its bad habitCcame back weeks laterDmoved to a nearby place解析：选D细节理解题。由最后一段可知，乌鸦被母亲吓走后搬到了附近的一个人家，继续干拔晾衣夹的坏事。1文体和结构特点：英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、地点、事件或过程。其特点是：主题往往隐藏在

87、字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过整篇文章来进行提炼；文章大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。2答题误区：记叙文阅读理解题的易错点往往在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。解题时，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对时间和事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。3阅读策略：阅读记叙文应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文章的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及文章的情感主线，然后

88、阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；最后根据查找到的相关信息作出正确的选择。如果文中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。文体分类练(三)说明文(限时28分钟)AWould you spit in a tube and spend D|S99 to find out whether you were related to a famous 18thcentury revolutionary or an infamous 19thcentury bank robber? Thats the latest service provided by A. Ancestor Discoveries,

89、which launches today, promises to provide its consumers with introductions to relatives from centuries past.“Its the biggest leap forward for us yet, using nearly a million DNA profiles we already have in our system，” says A CEO Tim Sullivan, whose company is headquartered in Provo, Utah.“As we see

90、it, there are two markets for this sort of thing. One is the people who already love genealogy (家谱学), the other those who are simply saying, Tell me who I am，” says Sullivan. “For them, family history is never really done; they are eager to trace their family tree.”Discovering new ancestors is made

91、simple and inexpensive (D|S99). You just provide a small saliva (唾液) sample for the DNA test. Ancestor Discoveries researchers will analyze and compare it with 65 million family trees and more than 800,000 A members. Results are available within six to eight weeks, including new possible ancestors,

92、as well as details about their lives and connections to other living relatives.However, many consumers remain fearful of hearing bad family medical history news. But Sullivan says, “There are positives, such as learning about things before they happen, much like what Angelina Jolie has been pushing.

93、” The actress has had a series of surgeries after learning she was genetically likely to suffer from two types of cancer.Theres little doubt genealogy has shifted from being the pastime of few to a passion of many. There are four TV shows catering to the subject on PBS as well as TLC.“The reason for

94、 the increase in interest over the years is partly due to the fact that so many research findings about genealogy and other such records are now instantly available online, which makes a search so much easier，” says Kenyatta Berry, cohost of PBS Genealogy Roadshow, now in its second season.1Why do s

95、ome people need the service provided by A?ATo better study DNA profiles.BTo learn about their family history.CTo communicate with their relatives.DTo analyze the market of DNA testing.解析：选B细节理解题。由第三段的后半部分可知，有些人需要这种家谱信息服务是渴望了解他们的家族历史。2What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?AHow Ancestor Discoveries wor

96、ks.BWhy A provides the service.CHow A developed the technology.DWhy Ancestor Discoveries uses saliva samples.解析：选A段落大意题。第四段主要介绍了这种家谱信息服务的工作流程。3Which of the following can be used to describe Jolies operations?AUnnecessary. BDangerous.CPreventative. DInexpensive.解析：选C推理判断题。由第五段中的“There are positives,

97、such as learning about things before they happen”可知，Jolie的手术是为了预防得病而做的。4What is a cause of the rising popularity of genealogy?AGenealogy has become faster recently.BGenealogy is going to be very profitable.CThere are more TV shows about genealogy.DPeople can easily find genealogical data online.解析：选

98、D细节理解题。由最后一段可知，家谱学走红的一个原因是人们现在更容易从网上获得与家谱相关的信息。BFossils unearthed in India that are 1.6 billion years old and look like red algae may represent the earliestknown plants, a discovery that could force scientists to reassess the timing of when major living beings in the tree of life first appeared on E

99、arth.Researchers on Tuesday described the tiny fossils as two types of red algae, one threadlike and the other bulbous (鳞茎状的), that lived in a shallow marine environment. Until now, the oldestknown plants were 1.2billionyearold red algae fossils from the Canadian Arctic.The researchers said cellular

100、 structures preserved in the fossils and their overall shape match red algae, a primitive kind of plant that today grows in marine settings such as coral reefs but also can be found in freshwater environments. A type of red algae known as nori is a common sushi ingredient.“We almost could have had s

101、ushi 1.6 billion years ago，” joked Swedish Museum of Natural History geobiologist Therese Sallstedt, who helped lead the study published in the journal PLOS Biology.Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. There is evidence indicating life first appeared in the form of marine bacteria roughly 3.7 t

102、o 4.2 billion years ago. Only much later did plants and then animals appear in the seas.“Plants have a key role for life on Earth, and we show here that they were considerably older than what we knew, which has a significant effect on our appreciation of when advanced life forms appeared on the evol

103、utionary scene，” Sallstedt said.The fossils were found in sedimentary rocks from Chitrakoot in central India. The threadlike fossils contained internal cellular features including structures that appear to be part of the machinery of photosynthesis, the process used by plants to turn sunlight into c

104、hemical energy.Oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis and the arrival of plants helped build the atmospheres oxygen content.The fossils also contained structures at the center of each cell wall typical of red algae.At the time, life was mainly microbial (微生物的) and atmospheric oxygen was at 1 to 10

105、percent of current levels, said study coleader Stefan Bengtson, a Swedish Museum of Natural History researcher.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。印度发现了距今16亿年的红藻化石，说明植物可能在16亿年前就出现在了地球上。5Which may be scientists response to the discovery of the earliestknown plants?AThey may update their knowledge about life.BThey may doub

106、t the evidence of the discovery.CThey may acknowledge the importance of algae.DThey may conduct more studies on marine bacteria.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a discovery that could force scientists to reassess the timing of when major living beings in the tree of life first appeared on Earth”和第六段中的“which has a

107、 significant effect on our appreciation of when advanced life forms appeared on the evolutionary scene”可知，这项研究可能会让科学家们对生命的知识进行更新。6What did Sallstedts joke imply?ASushi had a very long history.BNori is an ageold sushi ingredient.CHe showed much interest in red algae.DThere were red algae 1.6 billion

108、years ago.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A type of red algae known as nori is a common sushi ingredient.”可知，Sallstedt开这个玩笑实际上是想说，在16亿年前就已经有红藻了。7What do we know about plants?AThey started to exist on Earth 1.2 billion years ago.BThey probably started to exist earlier than animals.CThey first appeared in the form

109、 of marine bacteria.DThey were in fact the first life on Earth.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Only much later did plants and then animals appear in the seas.”可知，植物可能比动物要出现的早。8What would be the best title for the text?ATiming of major living beings assessedBPlants key role for life on earth confirmedCWorlds olde

110、st plant fossils discovered in IndiaDRed algae fossils from the Canadian Arctic unearthed解析：选C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文报道了一项重要的考古发现印度出土了距今16亿年的红藻化石，为目前已知最古老的植物化石。CAntioxidants (抗氧化剂) in coffee are thought to help protect against stroke but too much must raise blood pressure, which increases the risk, accordin

111、g to Japanese researchers. Similarly, green tea could also be beneficial for preventing the shocking event, caused when a blood vessel in or serving the brain is blocked.The study looked at the drinking habits of more than 83,000 healthy adults, aged 45 to 74, whose health was tracked for 13 years o

112、n average. They found that people who drank at least one cup of coffee a day had about a 20 percent lower risk of stroke, compared to those who rarely drank it. To get an equal effect, about four cups of green tea a day were required.All results were adjusted to take into account differences between

113、 the groups in age composition, gender, smoking, alcohol, weight, diet and exercise. Dr. Yoshihiro Kokubo, lead author of the study, published in the journal Stroke, said, “The regular action of drinking tea and coffee, largely benefits cardiovascular (心脏血管的) health.”Their results for coffee were si

114、milar to that of “study of studies”， presented at a European conference, which found that one to three cups a day was associated with a 14 percent reduction. For three to six cups, there appeared to be a similar but weaker association, but there was no benefit from drinking six or more.Exactly why c

115、offee and green tea appears to lower stroke risk is unclear, although antioxidants are thought to be at work. However, the science is by no means cut and dried. Caffeine raises blood pressure, and there have been indications that too much coffee can raise stroke risk because of this.Dr. Dale Webb, f

116、rom the Stroke Association said, “We welcome this study which suggests that the benefits of antioxidants in coffee and green tea may offset the potential harm from caffeine.” He thought, the results show higher consumption of green tea and coffee might reduce the risks of stroke. “We would like to s

117、ee further research to understand these findings，” he said.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，喝咖啡或绿茶可以降低中风的风险。但是，喝过量也会导致血压升高，因此，要适量饮用咖啡或绿茶。9What may lead to a stroke according to the first paragraph?AHigher blood pressure.BDrinking a cup of coffee a day.CBlocked blood vessels in the brain.DAntioxidants.解析：选C细节理解

118、题。根据第一段最后一句“Similarly, green tea could also be beneficial for preventing the shocking event, caused when a blood vessel in or serving the brain is blocked.”可知，当大脑中的血管发生堵塞的时候，可能会导致中风。故选C。10What can we infer from the passage?AThe study mainly focuses on middleaged people.BDrinking one cup of coffee a

119、day benefits health.CThose who seldom drink coffee are healthier.DDrinking tea contributes to stroke.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“They found that people who drank at least one cup of coffee a day had about a 20 percent lower risk of stroke, compared to those who rarely drank it.”可推断出，每天至少喝一杯咖啡对身体健康有好处。故选B。11

120、What is the attitude of Dr. Dale Webb toward this study?AHe saw more findings of this study unsatisfiedly.BHe understood the difficulty of this study.CHe appreciated the achievements of this study.DHe was disappointed to find no following research.解析：选C观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Dr. Dale Webb, from the Stroke

121、Association said, We welcome this study which suggests that the benefits of antioxidants in coffee and green tea may offset the potential harm from caffeine.”可判断出，Dale Webb医生对这项研究的成果持赞赏态度。故选C。12What can be a suitable title for the text?ADrinking coffee raises blood pressureBDrinking tea reduces stro

122、keCDrinking coffee equals drinking teaDDrinking tea or coffee properly matters解析：选D标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述的是：最新的研究表明，适当饮用一定量的咖啡或绿茶能降低患中风的风险。D项意为“适当饮用咖啡或茶很重要”，体现了本文的主旨，适合作标题。故选D。DHospitality refers to the relationship between a guest and a host, where the host receives the guest with goodwill, includin

123、g the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. Louis de Jaucourt describes hospitality in the Encyclopdie as the virtue of a great soul that cares for the whole universe through the ties of humanity.Hospitality originated (起源) from the Latin hospes, which means “stranger” or “e

124、nemy”. In the West today hospitality is rarely a matter of protection and survival and is more associated with politeness and entertainment. However, it still involves showing respect for ones guests, providing for their needs, and treating them as equals. It is expected to show hospitality to stran

125、gers, as opposed to personal friends or members of ones ingroup.In Ancient Greece, hospitality was right, with the host being expected to make sure the needs of his guests were met. The ancient Greek term xenia, or theoxenia when a god was involved, expressed this ritualized (仪式化的) guestfriendship r

126、elation. In Greek society a persons ability to obey the laws of hospitality determined nobility and social standing.In India, hospitality is based on the principle “the guest is God”. This principle is shown in a number of stories where a guest turned out to be a god who rewards the provider of hosp

127、itality. From this originates the Indian practice of graciousness towards guests at home and in all social situations.Celtic (凯尔特人的) societies also valued the concept of hospitality, especially in terms of protection. A host was expected not only to provide food and shelter for his/her guests, but t

128、o make sure they did not come to harm while under their care.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“好客”的含义及其在不同国家的文化中所表现出的不同特征。13What did Louis de Jaucourt think of hospitality?AA relationship between a master and a servant.BA noble morality to treat humans in the world.CA social standard to measure ones intelligence.

129、DAn academic tradition passed on from ancient times.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Louis de Jaucourt describes hospitality in the Encyclopdie as the virtue of a great soul that cares for the whole universe through the ties of humanity.”可知，Louis de Jaucourt认为“好客”是一种善待全人类的崇高品德。故选B。14What can we infer about hosp

130、itality in the West now?AIt means the hosts must protect their guests in danger.BIt is unnecessary to show hospitality to close friends.CIt has become a ceremony to treat any visiting guest.DIt has different degrees to show respect for different guests.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“It is expected to show hos

131、pitality to strangers, as opposed to personal friends or members of ones ingroup.”可推知，如今在西方，人们没必要对亲密的朋友展现他们的殷勤好客。故选B。15Which of the following people used to regard hospitality as a social standard?AGreeks. BIndians.CCelts. DLatinos.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“In Greek society a persons ability to obey the

132、laws of hospitality determined nobility and social standing.”可知，在古希腊，人们把好客当作评判一个人的高贵程度与社会地位的标准。故选A。16What might be the reason for Indians hospitality?AThe guests rewards.BThe social situations.CThe laws of hospitality.DThe Indians kindness.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“This principle is shown in a number of s

133、tories where a guest turned out to be a god who rewards the provider of hospitality.”可推知，印度人好客是希望得到客人的回报。故选A。1语言特点：阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。说明文因其生僻词汇多、句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。2结构特点：说明文的结构特点是客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。说明文通常采用以下结构形式：(1)总分式。事物说明文常用“总分”式、“总分总”式和“分总”式结构。(2)递进式。事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，

134、逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。(3)并列式。文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。(4)对照式。通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。3阅读策略说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，这就需要考生有方法、有技巧地去阅读。一般我们采用的方法有三种：细读、略读和跳读。(1)细读重点。重点，就原文而言，就是文章的基本结构、主要内容和态度；就答题而言，就是问题所对应的题源句。以这个标准来衡量，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多。宏观方面：文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。微观方面：有转折处；重要标点；句子主干。(2)有选择地略读或跳读。在快速浏览了题干，初步把握文章大意及结构的基础上

135、，可大胆地有选择地进行略读或跳读，这样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易总体把握全文。在阅读中可略读或跳读的内容包括：繁琐的例证为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，虽能说明问题，但读者需要花很多时间去阅读。如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过略读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过。并列多项列举有时许多功能相同的项目并列列举，那么只读其中一两项即可，无需全读。无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个

136、专有名词读出来。在略读过程中，要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、句、段等，并将其用下划线标注出来，以免回头再查看时费时费力。文体分类练(四)议论文(限时28分钟)AToday Sam will plow through the citys rough boroughs in search of cookie dough, even though he ought to stay home to nurse his cough.Whats wrong with that sentence? Seven words containing “ough”， different pronunciation

137、s. Oo, uhff, oh, oh, oh, aww, aww. Isnt English fun?A group of experts in the United Kingdom and United States believe the illogical spelling in the English language is more than just annoying for those who have to memorize the rules. They put forward an International English Spelling Congress to de

138、velop a spelling system that makes more sense.“In some languages like Finnish, Spanish and Italian, there is a strong connection between the written and spoken word，” said Stephen Linstead, head of the English Spelling Society. But English words with the same letter groupings are pronounced differen

139、tly and the same sound can be spelled differently, depending on the word, he explained.Linguistic experts from around the world would suggest a list of new spellings to correct problematic word groups see: “ough” and the congress would select an alternative spelling system.Linstead said university s

140、tudies in the UK. have concluded that Englishspeaking children take significantly longer to learn basic reading and writing skills than children in other European countries. He said part of the problem lies in the spelling.“One of the members said the reason he joined our association was because of

141、the frustrations he felt teaching his students to read by using phonics (拼读法)，” Linstead said. “Any time he taught them a rule, there would be all sorts of exceptions.”Col. Robert McCormick, longtime publisher of the Tribune, was a major advocate for simplified spelling, and his newspaper for a time

142、 used “fantom” instead of “phantom” and “frate” instead of “freight”And in the early 20th century, the Simplified Spelling Board (SSB) published a list of 300 words with spellings that are easy to understand and to use: “color” instead of “colour”， “fixt” for “fixed”. President Theodore Roosevelt ap

143、proved the changes, but his order was overturned by Congress.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了一些英美专家正在酝酿一场新的简化英语单词拼写的运动。1What does the author use Paragraph 1 to show?AIt is very necessary to learn English pronunciation.BMany words in the English language are interesting.CEnglish sentences are sometimes hard to un

144、derstand.DThe same English letter group can be read differently.解析：选D推理判断题。文章的前两段在全文起到了引出话题的作用。第一段的用意是举例说明英语中同样的字母组合可能会有不同的发音。2What are the British and American experts going to do?AReform the English spelling system.BHelp people memorize spelling rules.CRaise the status of foreign languages like Fi

145、nnish.DStudy the link between written and spoken words.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They put forward an International English Spelling Congress to develop a spelling system that makes more sense.”和第五段可知，这些英美专家想对英语拼写进行改革。3Why did the teacher join the English Spelling Society?AHe wanted to learn more about word

146、s.BThe spelling of English words is illogical.CHis students were interested in spelling rules.DHe would improve his students learning skills.解析：选B推理判断题 。根据第七段可知，这位老师加入英语拼写协会是因为英语单词的拼写不合逻辑。4What did McCormick and Roosevelt have in common?ABoth of them helped found SSB.BBoth of them had influenced Con

147、gress.CBoth of them were in support of simplified spelling.DBoth of them used easier spellings in their daily work.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，McCormick和Roosevelt都是简化拼写的支持者。BIn Manhattans Eighth Avenue/Fourteenth Street subway station, a grinning bronze alligator with human hands pops out of a manhole cover

148、 to grab a bronze “baby” whose head is the shape of a money bag. In the Bronx General Post Office, a giant 13panel painting called Resources of America celebrates the hard work and industrialism of America in the first half of the twentieth century. And in Brooklyns Metro Tech Center, several instal

149、lations of art (艺术装置) are on view at any given time.There exists in every city a symbiotic (共生的) relationship between the city and its art. When we hear the term art, we tend to think of private art the kind displayed in spaces such as museums, concert halls, and galleries. But there is a growing in

150、terest in, and respect for, public art: the kind of art created for and displayed in spaces such as parks, building lobbies, and sidewalks.Public art is specifically designed for a public arena (活动场所) where the art will be encountered by people in their normal daytoday activities. Public art can be

151、purely decorative or highly functional. It is also an essential element of effective urban design. The more obvious forms of public art include monuments, sculptures, fountains, murals, and gardens. But public art also takes the form of decorative benches or street lights, decorative manhole covers,

152、 and mosaics on trash bins. Public art is about the history and culture of the artist, the neighbourhood, the city and the nation. Public art is also a “placemaking device” that instantly creates memorable, experiential landmarks, fashioning a unique identity for a public place, personalizing it and

153、 giving it a specific character. It challenges viewers to interpret the art and arouses their emotions, and it promotes community by stimulating (激发) interaction among viewers.5What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?ATo stress the importance of public art.BTo show how entertaining public art is.CTo enco

154、urage readers to value public art.DTo introduce readers to the idea of public art.解析：选D推理判断题。由文章结构和大意可知，文章开头列举了纽约三处地方的艺术作品来引导读者对公共艺术这一概念的认识，以便引出下文对公共艺术的作用的讨论。6In which aspect does public art differ from private art?AIts value. BIts theme.CIts influence. DIts accessibility.解析：选D细节理解题。第二段中指出“private a

155、rt”主要置于museums, concert halls, and galleries，而“public art”多置于parks, building lobbies, and sidewalks，故作者主要是通过它们的“易接近程度”来区分二者的。7What is the last paragraph mainly about?AThe forms of public art.BThe functions of public art.CThe importance of landmarks.DThe promotion of urban design.解析：选B段落大意题。文章最后一段前半部

156、分论述了公共艺术的装饰性和实用性，后半部分着重论述它的人文意义，故选B项。CFreezing can slightly change the nutritional composition of fruits and vegetables, sometimes in favor of the frozen products and sometimes in favor of their fresh counterparts (对应的事物), but over all, “theres_no_clear_winner，” said Ali Bouzari, who has done studie

157、s comparing fresh and frozen produce. “It really depends which plant youre talking about.”Though vitamins can decrease in fresh fruits and vegetables over time, many nutrients in foods are much hardlier than most people assume, Dr. Bouzari said. “Minerals like iron are almost unshakable, and the fib

158、er doesnt care at all whether its heated or frozen，” he said. And in general, the differences in nutrient levels between fresh and frozen are so minor that they would be unlikely to have an impact on overall health, and dietitians generally encourage people to eat as many fruits and vegetables as th

159、ey can, in whatever form they enjoy.Dr. Bouzari and colleagues at the University of California, Davis, compared the vitamin content in eight different fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables corn, carrots, broccoli, spinach, peas, green beans, strawberries and blueberries and found no consistent diff

160、erences over all between fresh and frozen. The vitamin content was occasionally higher in some frozen foods; frozen broccoli, for example, had more riboflavin (a type of B vitamin) than fresh broccoli. But frozen peas had less riboflavin than fresh peas; and frozen corn, green beans and blueberries

161、had more vitamin C than their fresh counterparts. The researchers also analyzed fiber, phenolic compounds and minerals like calcium, iron and zinc and reached a similar conclusion.Mary Ann Lila, director of the Plants for Human Health Institute at North Carolina State University, noted that fresh be

162、rries lose some nutrients while sitting on the shelf, so eat them right away to get the most nutrients. Frozen berries will also lose nutrients when kept in a home freezer thats opened and shut often, she said, so freeze fruits in a deep freezer or at the very back of a kitchen freezer. Look for pro

163、duce frozen under a process called “individually quick frozen，” or IQF, for the best quality.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。美国科学家Ali Bouzari研究发现，新鲜食物和冷冻食物的营养差别不大。8What does Bouzari mean by saying “theres no clear winner”？AThe influence of freezing on foods is unclear.BFreezing can be used for certain kinds of plants

164、.CIts hard to say which form of food is healthier.DIts impossible to find a food that suits everyone.解析：选C句意理解题。根据第一段内容，并联系全文主旨可知，Bouzari这句话的意思是：很难说新鲜食物和冷冻食物哪一种更健康。9What may experts advise you to do to get more fiber?ATo eat more hardy fruits and vegetables.BTo eat more frozen fruits and vegetables.

165、CTo eat more fruits and vegetables after they are boiled.DTo eat more fruits and vegetables no matter fresh or frozen.解析：选D推理判断题。由第二段中的“and the fiber doesnt care at all whether its heated or frozen”和“and dietitians generally encourage people to eat as many fruits and vegetables as they can, in whate

166、ver form they enjoy”可推断，想要多获取纤维，多吃新鲜的或者冷冻的蔬菜水果都可以。10Which of the following has more vitamins than its frozen counterparts?AThe fresh pea. BFresh corn.CFresh broccoli. DThe fresh blueberry.解析：选A细节理解题。由第三段中的“But frozen peas had less riboflavin than fresh peas”可知，新鲜的豌豆含有的一种维生素B比冷冻的豌豆要高。11Which may be L

167、ilas advice for those who often eat berries?AFreeze berries close to the freezer door.BChoose berries sitting on the shelf.CPreserve berries with other fruits.DBuy IQF berries at supermarkets.解析：选D推理判断题。由最后一段“Look for produce frozen under a process called individually quick frozen， or IQF, for the b

168、est quality.”可知，Lila可能会建议常吃浆果的人去购买经过IQF技术冷冻的浆果。DWhen it comes to human behaviour, the brain is shown to have two different approaches to thinking. A common thought process is the automatic and fast approach which helps us to react quickly in dangerous situations. This is known as System 1 and dates

169、back to the times of our prehistoric ancestors, who lived with a natural awareness of the dangers around them bad weather and threatening animals. Nowadays, we still have the ability to react so rapidly and naturally to situations that it can feel like youre not thinking at all. Have you ever found

170、yourself giving in to temptation (诱惑) and unable to say “no” to buying that new jacket in the window? This is because System 1 is in control a human characteristic which the world of advertising likes to make the most of!System 2 is the opposite. Its a slow thought process that requires us to pay at

171、tention and concentrate, for example, when doing a complex mathematical sum. This way of thinking helps us to make sensible longterm decisions. The problem is that System 2 often starts to feel boring and so System 1 takes over. How often have you put down your homework or put off doing important jo

172、bs to go on Facebook or watch a TV soap?We like to think that we go through life mainly using System 2. As individuals, we are in control, always taking sensible and logical decisions. System 1 type thoughts are reserved for special occasions when we can afford to relax a little on holiday perhaps.

173、However, the former plays more of a secondary role in our lives, with the latter taking the main stage.Sometimes its System 1 that makes the right decision but System 2 that gets it wrong. For example, professional sports teams put a lot of effort into a game plan but often its the unconscious human

174、 wish to do something differently that leads to a spectacular goal. This can also lead to the common mistaken idea that your successful decisions demonstrate your skill and talent, when in fact they were just luck.12According to the text, modern advertising succeeds by _.Aexciting our natural desire

175、sBtaking advantage of our fearsCcausing us to react in a safe wayDstudying the prehistoric human mind解析：选A推理判断题。由第一段中的“giving in to temptation (诱惑)”及“a human characteristic”等可推知，商家正是利用激发人类天生的欲望来做广告的。13What is System 2 good for?AComing up with creative ideas.BConcentrating for long periods.CPerformin

176、g difficult mental tasks.DDoing several tasks at the same time.解析：选C推理判断题。由第二段中的“doing a complex mathematical sum”可推知，System 2思维模式有利于人类做复杂的脑力工作。14What does “This” in the last paragraph refer to?AAn unexpected sports win.BA sudden change of action.CAn unconscious mistake.DA mature plan.解析：选A代词指代题。Thi

177、s指代的是前文提到的精彩的进球，也就是临时的人为决定带来的意外胜利。15Whats the text mainly about?AHow to make sensible decisions.BWhat controls our mind.CTwo systems of thought.DHuman characteristics.解析：选C主旨大意题。全文用对比的手法介绍了人类的两种思维模式各自的作用、优劣及相互关系，故选C项。1语言与结构特点：议论文一般观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理，有严密的逻辑性，通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题(引论)分析问题(本论)解决问题(结论)”。因

178、此，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构三段论式结构。2答题误区：议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。3阅读策略：在阅读解题时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。通常来说，议论文会采用三段论式结构。首段会通过一个故事或对某种现象的描述来引入话题，明确论点；接下来是文章的主体部分，会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论论据进行论证，常用的论证方法有举例、引用和对比等，这一部分要注意作者所选用的论据，它们往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应，同时还要留意论证的方法；文章的最后一段是结论部分，要弄清作者最后得出了什么结论。在通读全文并了解文章的结构和内容后再阅读试题，到文章中去找相对应的信息，比如事实、观点、作者真正的意图和结论等。