高二英语外研版选修8学案：MODULE5THECONQUESTOFTHEUNIVERSESECTIONⅠ WORD版含解析.doc

1、Module 5The Conquest of the Universe功能Expressing hesitation in English句型1Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July,1969，.ever since.表示从过去某个时间点到现在，引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时态。2But this was going to be a special flight.this was going to be.这将要成为语法Review of noun clauses 复习名词性从句写作Wri

2、ting a news report about space考点独立主格结构名词性从句部分倒装你知道什么是航天飞机吗？它与普通飞机有什么不同？航天飞机有哪些用途？你认为探索宇宙最好、最实用的飞行器是什么？中国在探索宇宙方面走在世界的前列，中国有没有航天飞机？航天飞机有什么优点和局限性？要想知道答案，请阅读下面的文章吧！Space ShuttleMeant by NASA to be the workhorse of a new era in space exploration，the space shuttle has been involved in two tragedies and a

3、great leap forward in our understanding of the universe.Unlike the rockets that brought astronauts to the moon，the shuttles are orbiters that have been designed for repeated use on missions into space.Intended to be used on as many as 100 launches，each shuttle also has the ability to carry satellite

4、s and other large payloads into space，and can transport astronauts to and from the International Space Station.In all，NASA built five shuttles for space flightColumbia，Challenger，Discovery，Atlantis，and EndeavourThe first flight was made by Columbia on April 12,1981.Three of the shuttles still exist

5、todayThe Challenger shuttle exploded after the takeoff on its 10th mission in 1986，killing all seven astronauts on board，including a New Hampshire civilian，Christa McAuliffeAnd the shuttle Columbia exploded as it was reentering the atmosphere in 2003，also killing its seven astronautsAfter both disas

6、ters，review panels issued scathing reports，saying that pressures to complete missions and a culture of complacency had led to an underestimation of risks.In 1993 astronauts carried out a complicated repair mission to install corrective optics in the Hubble telescope，whose ability to see far beyond t

7、he reach of any earthbound telescope had been clouded by a flaw in its mirrorA final repair mission to the Hubble launched on May 11,2009The flight comes as NASA is once again at a crossroad；the agency has begun laying off workers as part of the decision to retire the shuttle in 2010The Hubble missi

8、on thus marks the beginning of the end for the space shuttle，whose greatest legacy might very well be the role it played in the repair and maintenance of the telescope.After decades of use，the shuttles have just about reached the end of their lives，and the Bush administration announced in 2004 that

9、it was bringing the program to a close.President Obama has ordered a review of the NASAs longheralded plan to return humans to the Moon and of the Constellation spacecraft that are to succeed the shuttle.诱思探究Decide whether the following statements are true（T）or false（F）1Space shuttles are orbiters t

10、hat have been designed for repeated use on missions into space.（）2There was only one disaster to the space shuttle.（）3The Obama administration isnt in favour of the NASAs longheralded plan.（）答案：1T2F3F词汇拓展1_ adj. 习惯的_ n. 风俗，习惯_ n. 顾客答案：accustomed；custom；customer2_ adj. 历史性的，有重大历史意义的_ adj. 历史（上）的_ n.

11、历史答案：historic；historical；history3_ v. 假定，假设_ n. 假定，假设答案：assume；assumption4_ n. 耐心_ adj. 有耐心的_ adj. 不耐烦的答案：patience；patient；impatient5_ v. 依靠，取决于_ n. 依靠_ adj. 依靠的_ n. 自立，独立_ adj. 独立的答案：depend；dependence；dependent；independence；independent6_ v. 承认；认为_ n. 知识答案：acknowledge；knowledge7_ n. 入侵_ v. 侵略，侵袭答案：i

12、nvasion；invade8_ adj. 不可避免的_ v. 避免答案：inescapable；escape9_ adv. 蓄意地，故意地_ adj. 蓄意的，故意的答案：deliberately；deliberate短语互译1_ 不管regardless of _答案：in spite of；不惜，不顾2_ 在一开始的时候_ 在结束的时候答案：at the very beginning of；at the end of3_ 指责某人某事_ 被控告犯有罪答案：accuse sb. of doing sth.；be accused of4_ 祈望；祈求pray to sb. for sth.

13、_答案：pray for；向某人祈求做某事5_ 与相似的_ 在相似be different from _be different in _答案：be similar to；be similar in；与不同；在方面不同6_ 使某事开始_ 开始；着手set in _set up _答案：set in motion；set about；（背景）设置在；建立重点句型1_ _ _ the Challenger took off in 1986，the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of

14、people going up into space.在1986年“挑战者”号起飞之前，全世界似乎已经沉醉于人类走进太空这一惊人的成就而忘记了恐惧，也失去了好奇。答案：By the time2May _ _ Be with You愿力量与你同在答案：the Force3It _ _ _ by the movie industry _ the most successful film series ever.现在它被电影界公认为历史上最成功的电影系列片。答案：is now acknowledged；as4But when，in 1938，the American actor and direct

15、or，Orson Welles _ a radio drama of The War of the Worlds _ the real life New Jersey town of Grovers Mill，little _ _ _ what impact he was going to make.但是1938年当这位美国演员兼导演奥森韦尔斯以新泽西的格罗弗磨房镇真实生活场景为背景播出广播剧世界之战时，他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。答案：set；in；did he knowSection Introduction & Reading and VocabularyRead Space：th

16、e Final Frontier and choose the correct answer.1Who landed on the Moon back on 21st July,1969?ANie Haisheng.BNeil Armstrong.CFei Junlong.DChrista.2What was Christa?AA teacher. BA student.CA researcher. DA child.3What would Christa do in space?AShe would make two speeches.BShe would make two space st

17、eps.CShe would give two lessons.DShe would do two chemistry experiments.4Why did the world feel shocked and terrible?AThe Challenger was successfully sent up.BThe Challenger landed on the Moon.CThe Challenger circled around the Earth thirty times.DThe Challenger exploded in midair.答案：1B2A3C4D1Ever s

18、ince Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July,1969，people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel.（P58）自从尼尔阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。accustomed adj. 习惯的He is accustomed to travelling a lot with his family in summer.夏天他习惯同家人去旅行。be accustomed to 习惯于（比be u

19、sed to正式）become/get accustomed to（变得）习惯于accustom oneself to 使某人习惯于，使某人养成的习惯accustom vt. 使习惯于，使适应（常与to连用）（1）人们需要提高自己的技能来习惯市场的变化。People need to improve their skills to _ _ _ market changes.（2）她的眼睛很快适应了黑暗。Her eyes quickly _ _ _ the dark.（3）我习惯早起进行晨练。I _ _ _ _ _ early to do morning exercises.答案：（1）get/b

20、ecome accustomed to（2）became/got accustomed to（3）am accustomed to getting up2Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was，and what risks had to be taken.（P58）数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心都提到了嗓子眼，因为他们

21、十分清楚这次是多么艰难多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构的构成：名词或代词非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语，其中名词或代词作为结构的逻辑主语，非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语作为结构的逻辑谓语，这种结构有自己的逻辑主语，且其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，故通常被称为独立主格结构。在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。它的位置相当灵活，可置于句首、句末或句中，常由逗号将其与句子其他部分分开。He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head r

22、esting upon his left forearm.（名词非谓语动词）他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头靠着左前臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。The experiment done，the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.（名词非谓语动词）实验做完了，同学们继续在实验报告上做笔记。The last guest to arrive，our party was started.（名词非谓语动词）最后一位客人到了，我们的晚会就开始了。Hands red with the cold，they were sweeping the sno

23、w outdoors.（名词形容词）他们在户外扫雪，两手冻得通红。（1）英语老师手里拿一本书走进教室。_ _ _，the English teacher walked into the classroom.答案：Book in hand（2）下课了，学生们都到操场上去玩耍。_ _，all the students went to play on the playground.答案：Class over（3）Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures，some _ a life span of around 20 years.Ahaving BhadCha

24、ve Dto have答案：A提示：考查独立主格结构。句意：令人吃惊的是，蝙蝠是寿命很长的生物，有些能生存约20年。由于题干中逗号后的分句前没有连词，故应该用非谓语动词，所以首先排除B、C两项，然后分析该短语结构的逻辑关系，some与非谓语动词之间存在主谓关系，所以选A项。（4）The party will be held in the garden，weather _.Apermitting Bto permitCpermitted Dpermit答案：A提示：考查非谓语动词。由于逗号前后没有关联词，所以只能用非谓语形式，根据weather和permit的逻辑关系判断应选用现在分词形式构成独

25、立主格结构，表示“天气允许的话”。3But this was going to be a special flight and so millions of people tuned in to witness the takeoff on TV.（P58）但是这次却将是一次特殊的飞行，数百万人打开了电视来一睹这次起飞。witness v. 目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历n. 证人，证据，目击者Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them.警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。Across As

26、ia many people have just witnessed the natural wonder a total solar eclipse.在亚洲各地，许多人刚刚亲眼看见了自然奇观日全食。be a witness to sth.成为的证据give witness to sth.为提供证据call.to witness传做见证辨析：witness，see，look，watch与noticewitness指某事物能够提供证据。see强调“看到”的结果。look强调“看”的动作。watch观看，指集中注意力观看。notice注意到。（1）完成句子Can you _（看到）the evid

27、ence of the volcano from the stone?_（看）！There is a rare old vase in the hole.I have _（观察）the volcano burning for more than three hours.He _（注意到）that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.This old classroom has _（见证）many geniuses.答案：seeLookwatchednoticedwitnessed（2）Did you _ his wisdom in the

28、 debate?I watched it on television.Aexperience BwitnessCget Ddoubt答案：B提示：句意：你亲眼目睹过他在辩论中表现出的智慧吗？我是在电视上看到的。witness“目击，亲眼看见”。experience“经历”；get“得到”；doubt“怀疑”。4The world was in shockmaybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.（P58）全世界都震惊了也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘

29、坐飞机一样没什么危险。assume v. 假定，假设；承担，担任；呈现It is reasonable to assume the economy will continue to improve in China.认为在中国经济将继续好转是有道理的。Assuming that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money?假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？It is/seems reasonable to assume（that）. 有理由认为assume responsibility 承担责任assume c

30、ontrol of 取得对的控制权assumed adj. 假装的；假定的assumed name 化名assumption n. 设想，假定；承担make an assumption 假定（1）单句改错Let us to assume that our study plan will succeed._答案：去掉toHis parents were assumed that he went to school after meals every day but he went to the supermarket._答案：去掉were（2）许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。A lot of

31、people _ _ poverty only exists in the Third World.答案：assume that（3）新的官员必须为人民承担新的职责。The new officials must _ _ _ _ _ the people.答案：assume the new duties for（4）_ _ _ _（据猜想）the style came from the artists Italian background.答案：It was assumed that5In spite of all our advanced technology，the world is sti

32、ll only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.（P59）即便我们掌握了现在的全部先进技术，我们这个世界依然只是处于太空旅行的起步阶段。1）in spite of 不管In spite of the aftershocks，Mr.Wang rushed into the dangerous building to look for the sick pupils.尽管还有余震，王老师仍然冲进危楼里去寻找生病的学生。In spite of his advanced age，he still leads an active life.尽

33、管年事已高，他仍过着一种积极的生活。in spite of是介词词组，后常跟名词，相当于介词despite（较正式），在句子中引起让步状语，相当于although引导的让步状语从句。辨析：in spite of/thoughin spite of介词短语，表示“不管”，其引导的短语作让步状语等同于despitethough连词，表示“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句也可作副词，表示“然而，可是，不过”2）advanced adj. 高级的，先进的There were only three of us on the advanced course.只有我们三人学高级课程。advance n. 前进

34、，提前，预付v. 前进，提前，预付，提出（建议、看法等）adj. 提前的，预先的make an advance 取得进展in advance 提前；预先advance on/towards sb. 前进in advance of 预先，事前3）at the very beginning of 在一开始的时候在该短语中very表示“恰巧，正好”，起加强语气的作用。They showed their courage at the very beginning of the fight.在战斗一开始，他们就表现出了自己的勇气。You are still at the very beginning o

35、f learning English.你们还处在学英语的初始阶段。in the beginning 一开始，起初in the end 最后，终于at the very end of. 就在结束时（1）选词填空（in spite of和though）_ his advanced age，he is learning to drive.I dont know him well _ Ive known him for a long time.答案：In spite ofthough（2）English became the official language for business _the fa

36、ct that the population was largely Chinese in that area.Aon behalf of Bin case ofCin spite of Das a result of答案：C提示：on behalf of“代表”；in case of“以防”；in spite of “尽管，不管”；as a result of“由于”。结合句意，可知答案应为C项。（3）_this century，the developed countries should help the developing countries in economy and medici

37、ne.AIn the begin ofBIn the need ofCAt the very beginning ofDBy the beginning of答案：C提示：句意：就在本世纪初，发达国家应该在经济和医学方面帮助发展中国家。at the very beginning of “在一开始的时候”，符合句意。（4）It happens that he is expert at _ mathematics，so you can ask him for advice.Aadvancing BadvanceCadvanced Dbeing advanced答案：C提示：advanced mathematics“高等数学”。