2019年英语新同步外研必修三讲义：MODULE 2 SECTION Ⅱ INTRODUCTION .doc

1、Section_Introduction & Reading Language Points 一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.income n. 收入2.human n. (与动物等对比的)人 3.index n. 指数4.measure vt. 测定；测量；评估 5.goal n. 目标6.position n. 位置7.figure n. 数字.拓展词汇1.development n发展develop v发展developed adj.发达的developing adj.发展中的2.educate vt.教育；培养；训练education n教育educated adj

2、.受过教育的3.hunger n饥饿hungry adj.饥饿的1.expectancy n(根据概率得出的)预期数额记法expect (期望，期待) ancy (名词后缀ance)2.measure vt.测定；测量；评估联想sure结尾名词小聚pleasure快乐 pressure 压力treasure 财富，财产 3.goal n目标同义aim n目标，目的，意图词块learning goal 学习目标 life goal 人生目标 4.poverty n贫穷联想poor adj.贫穷的 词块poverty level 贫困水平live in poverty 过着贫困的生活二、这样记短语

3、记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.make_efforts努力 2make_progress 取得进步3agree_to_do_sth. 同意做某事4up_to 直到5at_the_bottom_of 在底部6safe_drinking_water 安全饮用水 7make_sure 确保 1.reduce poverty 减少贫困 2the Human Development Index 人类发展指数 3life expectancy 预期寿命 4at the top of the list 高居榜首 5improve the environment 改善环境 6move out of povert

4、y 脱贫 7go to primary school 上小学 8give some financial help 提供一些经济援助 三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. 挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。while“然而”，用作并列连词，表对比。He likes playing basketball, while_I_like_listening_to_music.他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。2.The bottom ten countries are all Afric

5、an countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂(位于西非)排在最后。with复合结构(即“with宾语宾语补足语”)在句中作状语。Tom came into the classroom with_a_book_in_his_hand.汤姆走进教室，手里拿了一本书。3.However, in other regions of the world, eg. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.

6、 然而，在世界的其他地区，如东欧，现在的饮用水大多是安全的。“主语beadj.动词不定式”结构，其中动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 The book is difficult_to_understand. 这本书很难懂。The chair is comfortable_to_sit_on.这把椅子坐上去很舒服。4.These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so. 它们都属于世界上最富有的五个国家，所以它们这样做是合情合理的。“Itbeadj.that

7、从句”句型，其中it作形式主语。 Its_necessary_and_important_that one should master the skills of operating computers.掌握操作电脑的技能是必要和重要的。1(教材P12)The Index measures a countrys achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and income.这项指数从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：预期寿命(人们通常活多长时间)、教育和收入。measu

8、re vt.测定；测量；评估 vi.有长/宽 n尺寸；措施 make . to ones measure按照某人的尺寸做(衣服等)take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(做某事)How do you measure the size of this room? 你如何测量这个房间的面积？My mother made me a pair of trousers to_my_measure.我妈妈按照我的尺寸给我做了一条裤子。It is high time that we should take some measures to_protect (protect) our e

9、nvironment. 是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。名师点津measure作“尺寸”讲时，常用作不可数名词；而作“措施”讲时，通常用复数形式。2(教材P12)The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list.英国位居第十三，而中国则处于中等水平。position n位置，方位；姿势；身份，地位；职位，职务；处境，状况一词多义写出下列句中position的含义 Can you find our position on this map? 位置 He has a high positio

10、n in the firm. 地位；职位What would you do if you were in my position? 状况He was lying in a very uncomfortable position. 姿势名师点津position作先行词时，其后的定语从句多由where引导；在in/out of position(在/不在适当的位置)短语中，position是不可数名词，前面不可用冠词。We are now in a good position where all is in our hands.我们现在处于一个有利的形势：一切尽在我们掌握之中。3(教材P12)Th

11、e most important goals are to: reduce poverty and hunger; make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11 . 最重要的目标是：减少贫困和饥饿；确保所有儿童11岁之前都能接受教育 make sure确保；查明；弄清楚(后接that引导的宾语从句，也可接of/about sth.；后接宾语从句时，从句通常用一般现在时)be sure of确信 be sure to do 一定会to be sure 确定；固然 for sure/certain 肯定地 Ill ma

12、ke sure of the time of the flight.我要核实一下这架航班的时间。Make_sure (that) you pick me up at five.你一定要在5点来接我。Be sure to_tell (tell) me all the news. 一定要把所有的消息都告诉我。Im sure_of his success. 我确信他会成功。No one knows for_sure what will happen in the future.没有人确切地知道未来会发生什么事。up to直到；多达；由决定；忙于；胜任一词多义写出下列句中up to 的含义 Up to

13、 ten people can sleep in this tent. 多达 The No. 5 bus runs up to 9 oclock in the evening. 直到 Im afraid that he is not up to the job. 胜任 Its up to you to decide where we should go. 由决定 What have you been up to? 忙于 名师点津 up to 意为“胜任”时，通常用于疑问句或否定句中，to后面可接名词、代词、动名词。(1)be up to (doing sth.)打算做/正在做(不好的事)；胜任

14、(做某事)It is up to sb. to do sth. 是某人的责任；应由某人做Its up to you.由你做主。(2)up to date 最新的up to now 直到现在(常与现在完成时连用)Shall we go out for dinner or eat at home? Its up_to_you.我们是出去吃饭还是在家吃呢？ 由你决定。Up_to_now he keeps quiet about the matter. 直到现在他对这件事仍保持沉默。4(教材P12)The report shows that we are making some progress bu

15、t that we need to make greater efforts.报告显示：我们正在进步，但是我们需要做出更大的努力。make efforts努力 make to do sth.努力做某事spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事with/without effort 费力地/毫不费力地 I will make every effort to achieve my goal.我将尽一切努力来实现我的目标。The workers are making efforts to_fulfill (fulfill) this years plan. 工人们正在努力

16、完成今年的计划。They spared no effort to_finish (finish) the task. 他们不遗余力地完成了这项任务。With effort of all of the teachers and us students, we have made great progress. 经过全体老师和我们学生们的努力，我们已经取得了很大进步。联想发散表示“尽力做某事”的短语或句型还有：try/do ones best to do sth.do all that one can to do sth.do what/whatever one can to do sth.5(教

17、材P13)Complete the chart with figures from the passage.用文章中的数字完成下表。figure n数字；人物；身材，体形；人影vt.计算；认为 一词多义写出下列句中figure的含义He has an income of six figures. 数字They figured it was better to stay where they were. 认为He was one of the great figures in history. 人物I could see a figure in the distance. 人影She does

18、exercise every morning to keep her figure. 身材keep ones figure保持体形 figure out 计算出；想出；理解figure on 指望；打算 She figured on arriving in New York on Friday. 她打算星期五抵达纽约。I cant figure out why she said that. 我想不通她为什么那么说。1. However, in other regions of the world, eg. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to

19、drink.然而，在世界的其他地区，如东欧，现在的饮用水大多是安全的。本句中的water is now mostly safe to drink为固定句型，本句型可概括为“主语beadj.动词不定式”。不定式在此句型中用主动形式表示被动意义，常见于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, comfortable等。This machine is very easy to operate. 这台机器很容易操作。The piece of music is pleasant to_hear (hear)这首乐曲听起来很悦耳。名

20、师点津(1)在上面结构中，动词不定式和主语在逻辑上是动宾关系；当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要加适当的介词。(2)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语。Hes easy to_get (get) along with.他很容易相处。The long sentence is difficult for you to remember.这个长句对你来说很难记。2. These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.它们都属于世界上最富有的五个国家，所以它们这样做是

21、合情合理的。本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，其句型为：Itbeadj.that从句。常用的形容词有：true, possible, probable, likely, certain等。It is true that such a great project will do a great deal of good to us.毫无疑问，这一伟大的工程将给我们带来很大的好处。It was_clear_that he was absent. 很明显他缺席了。名师点津that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的it作形式主语的句型还有：(1)Itbe名词词组(no w

22、onder, a pity, an honor, etc.)that从句(2)Itbe过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, etc.)that从句It is a_pleasure_that you have been here. 很高兴你能来这里。It is said (say) that he has published another book.据说他出版了另一本书。.单句语法填空1We should take some measures to_solve (solve) these problems. 2Im not sure what I wo

23、uld do if I were in your position. 3Make sure of his coming before you set off. 4It is up to us to_do (do) our best to solve the tough problem now. 5It is uncertain whether he can attend the meeting or not. 6They are making further efforts to_decrease (decrease) unnecessary spending. 7Figure out how

24、 much youll save every month. 8The long sentence is difficult to_remember (remember) for many students.选词填空move out of， in ones position， make sure， up to， make efforts， figure out， make progress， at the bottom of1It is up_to you whether we should accept the present or not. 2The present situation is

25、 very complex, so I think it will take me some time to figure_out its reality. 3I was annoyed that I was behind my classmates, so I made_efforts to study hard. 4At_the_bottom_of the sea there are many plants and animals.5He has made very little progress this term. 6Its said that more and more people

26、 would move_out_of poverty in five years.7Whoever leaves the lab last, make_sure all the lights are turned off. 8If you were in_my_position,_you would have sympathy for those poor children. 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1. Many black children died of cold and hunger (饥饿) in Africa. 2He was educated (教育) at Cam

27、bridge University. 3Education shouldnt be measured (评估) purely by examination results.4His goal (目标) in life is to be a great scientist. 5Some famous singers live on the income (收入) from their record sales. 6With the development (发展) of the Internet, less communication is done by regular mail. 7The

28、above figure (数字) did not include workers. 8Youve moved the furniture around the sofa is in a different position (位置).单句改错1It is knew that he will go abroad next month.knewknown 2Id like to pay a visit to a friend of mine with time permitted.permittedpermitting_3It is occurred to me that I should ph

29、one you.去掉is_4Hunger is a big problem in some places, especial in some lonely areas.especialespecially 5The police are making efforts reduce traffic accidents.efforts后加to_6The old photos buried in the bottom of the suitcase reminded me of those happy old days we had spent together.inat_.完成句子1With ho

30、mework_done,_we went on to play on the playground. 作业做完后，我们接下来到操场玩耍。2It is demanded that everyone (should)_hand_in_their_homework in time. 要求每个人都必须按时上交作业。3We should take_measures_to_control pollution in order to save the world.为了拯救世界，我们应该采取措施来控制污染。4What you said doesnt agree_with_the_fact.你所说的与事实不相符

31、。5Its up_to_us_to_try our best to help them.我们理应尽我们最大的努力去帮助他们。6Youd better take down all the key points while_the_memory_is_still_fresh in your mind.你最好在你记忆犹新的时候写下所有要点。7If a man is_to_succeed,_he must work as hard as he can.如果一个人想成功，他必须尽最大努力。8It_is_surprising that youve made the same mistake again.

32、令人惊讶的是，你又犯了相同的错误。9Smith has made so much progress that we are_all_surprised.史密斯进步如此大，我们都大吃一惊。10In dealing with public relations, we should make_every_effort_to_avoid quarrelling with others. 在处理公共关系时，我们应该尽一切努力避免与他人争吵。.课文语法填空One of the most important sections of the Human Development Report is the Hu

33、man Development Index. The Index 1.measures (measure) a countrys achievements in three ways: life expectancy, education and income. The index has some surprises. Norway is 2.at the top of the list, 3.while the US is at number 7. The bottom ten countries are all African countries.China is in the midd

34、le of the list. It is one of the examples of successful 4.development (develop). China increased life expectancy 5.by 13 years. In 6.the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, a great many people in developing countries are 7.hungry (hunger). Over half of these ar

35、e in South Asia or Africa. In developing countries about 115 million children are not 8.being_educated (educate). And more than 1 billion people dont have safe water 9.to_drink (drink), so the report suggests that we need to make greater 10.efforts (effort) in the future.串点成篇微表达如何摆脱饥饿(hunger)和贫困(pov

36、erty)一直是人类的主要问题。许多发达国家的人过着富裕的生活，而(while)很多发展中国家的人却收入(income)很低，过着贫困的生活。更糟糕的是，在发展中(developing)国家很多孩子没法受教育(educate)。数字(figure)显示，全世界的帮助是不能用金钱来衡量(measure)的。有一些志愿者正在尽全力(make effort to)帮助那些处于困境中的人们。CARE International是世界上最大的发展(development)组织，它接受来自富裕的发达国家的钱来帮助贫穷国家的人们减少贫穷和饥饿。How_to_get_rid_of_hunger_and_pov

37、erty_has_always_been_humans_main_problem._Many_people_in_developed_countries_live_a_rich_life,_while_many_people_in_developing_countries_have_a_lowincome_and_live_a_poor_life._Whats_worse,_many_children_in_developing_countries_can_not_be_educated._Figures_show_that_help_from_all_over_the_world_cant_

38、be_measured_in_money._There_are_some_volunteers_are_making_every_effort_to_help_people_in_need._CARE_International,_one_of_the_worlds_largest_development_organisations,_receives_money_from_wealthy_developed_countries_to_help_some_developing_countries_to_reduce_poverty_and_hunger._二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.完形填

39、空There was once a woman who decided to kill all the monsters (怪物) in the world. This _1_ took her on a dangerous journey. She met with many _2_ along the way, each testing her strength and abilities.She hadnt traveled long _3_ she began chasing the monster of hunger. She _4_ him and declared, “Youve

40、 been causing hunger; _5_ to die.” The monster said, “I acknowledge I bring _6_， but I also bring benefits as well. There would be no _7_ to find food and survive without me. So look at the ways I might be _8_； dont destroy me.” The woman saw the _9_ in what the monster said, so the monster wasnt ki

41、lled.Then she found the monster of suffering and said, “Nobody _10_ to suffer. Youre _11_ and I want to kill you.” But he also _12_ for his life, saying, “I do cause pain and sorrow. Yet because of me people _13_ and develop. Remember as a child when you put your hand too close to a fire and experie

42、nced the pain of the _14_？ Your suffering was short, but you learned from the _15_. This learning has protected you, and this short suffering may have helped to _16_ your life.” The woman then realized another truth through pain we learn to _17_ pain and appreciate pleasure. So perhaps even sufferin

43、g has its place if we learn how to _18_ from it.So she learned that it isnt what the object is, but how we _19_ it, that makes the difference. Experiences of the past _20_ what we do in the present. We can never tell how the unexpected bad events lead to unexpected beautiful new experiences.语篇解读：本文是

44、一篇夹叙夹议文。看似坏的东西也可以给我们带来好处，本文说明的就是这个道理。1A.hobbyBorderCpromise Dgoal解析：选D由“decided to kill all the monsters(怪物) in the world”可知，该空意指杀怪物这一“目标(goal)”。2A.aids BsurprisesCchallenges Dcompetitions解析：选C由“each testing her strength and abilities”可知，她在途中遇到了许多“挑战(challenge)”。3A.while BbeforeCuntil Dafter解析：选B出发不

45、久她就赶上了“the monster of hunger”，即在赶上“the monster of hunger”“之前(before)”她还没有走很长时间，故选B项。4A.joined BfoundCpunished Dapproached解析：选D赶上“the monster of hunger”后，需要“接近(approach)”它，让它“准备(prepare)”受死。5A.agree BdecideCprepare Dturn解析：选C参见上题解析。6A.regret BfearCdisappointment Ddiscomfort解析：选D由“Youve been causing h

46、unger”可知，此处它承认它给人带来了“不适(discomfort)”。7A.doubt BmotivationCidea Dpossibility解析：选B饥饿是人们寻找食物从而存活下来的“动力(motivation)”，由此可判断选B项。8A.useful BstressfulCharmful Dhopeful解析：选A由“I also bring benefits as well”可知，怪物认为它也有“用处(useful)”。9A.difficulty BtheoryCtruth Dbelief解析：选C根据语境可判断此处指“the monster of hunger”也有其自己的作用

47、这一“真相(truth)”。10A.refuses BwantsCasks Dpretends解析：选B根据语境可判断此处意为：没人“想(want)”受苦。11A.ugly BstupidCworthless Dembarrassing解析：选C给人带来痛苦的东西是“没有价值的(worthless)”，故她要杀它。12A.defended BwaitedCapplied Dcalled解析：选A由其后面的讲话可判断它是在给自己“辩护(defend)”。13A.grow BthinkCtry Dlearn解析：选D由下文“but you learned”及“This learning”的提示可判

48、断选D项。14A.disease BheatCwound Dincident解析：选B由“put your hand too close to a fire”可判断选B项。15A.experience BeffortCfailure Djourney解析：选A由上下文语境可判断此处指将手靠近火而后又将手收回这一“经历(experience)”，故选A项。16A.improve BacceptCrisk Dsave解析：选D由“This learning has protected you”可判断与“protected”匹配的应该是“拯救(save)”生命。17A.tolerate Bavoid

49、Covercome Dreduce解析：选B知道靠近火会痛以后就知道不要将手靠近火，从而能“避免(avoid)”疼痛，由此语境可判断选B项。18A.escape BhearCbenefit Dsuffer解析：选Csuffering也有用，如果你能从中“受益(benefit)”的话，它们也有其作用。19A.see BdoCexpress Dbelieve解析：选A怪物看似没有价值，但其实有用，关键是你怎么样“看待(see)”它。20A.bring BsuggestCdamage Dchange解析：选D由最后一句可判断，此处表示过去的经历可以“改变(change)”我们现在所做的事。.短文改错

50、My hero is Helen Thayer. She was the first women to walk to the magnetic North Pole (磁北极) alone. Helen Thayer were born in New Zealand, and she lived there where she was a girl. Later, she lived in Guatemala for the four years and then in the United States. When she was 50, she has a dream. She want

51、ed walk to the magnetic North Pole alone, but she decided to do it. On her journey, Helen didnt have some help. She was complete alone except for her dog, Charlie. She walked 555 km in temperatures of 50！ She was very strongminded, even in very dangerous and difficulty situations.答案：第二句：womenwoman第三句：werewas; wherewhen第四句：去掉第一个the第五句：hashad第六句：wanted后加to; butand/so第七句：someany第八句：completecompletely第十句：difficultydifficult