2020届高考英语二轮复习题型专练：七选五（科教科普类） WORD版含答案.doc

1、1、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Critical(批判的)thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesnt mean youre thinking harder or longer. _. Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking. Question yo

2、ur assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. Its how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. _. Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom u

3、p. Dont take information on authority until youve investigated it yourself. Instead of double-checking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way,

4、 saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they dont. _. Put yourself in other peoples shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. _. You may find that a little understandin

5、g facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be. _. There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your

6、 ego(自负)feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.A. Actually, its about thinking better.B. Surround yourself with people smarter than you.C. Be someone that people know that they can count on.D. You

7、should not judge others until you fully understand their situation.E. But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful?F. The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action.G. So what is published in a magazine or online doesnt mean its necessarily tr

8、ue.2、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A new study suggests that the timing of a wound affects the speed at which it heals(痊愈). Wounds suffered during the day heal around 60 percent faster than those at night. The study showed how the bodies circadian rhythm(昼夜节律) controlled the healing of w

9、ounds._It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a circlea series of activities that repeat themselves day after day. _ In the study, researchers found that skin cells moved faster to repair wounds suffered during the day. Their findings were published in the journal Science Translationa

10、l Medicine. The researchers examined cells, mice, and burn injury databases._ Night-time burnsburns suffered between 8 oclock at night and 8 oclock the next morningwere 95 percent healed after an average of 28 days. But after an average of 17 days, daytime burns -burns suffered between 8 oclock in t

11、he morning and 8 at night -were 95 percent healed. _ Wounds are very costly to treat._In Britains National Health Services, for example, such services cost around $6.56 billion per year. Experts say the high costs result, in part, from a lack of drugs that speed up the closure of wounds.A. Each cycl

12、e lasts about 24 hours.B. The circadian rhythm is like a clock or timer.C. Specifically, their investigation found the following information:D. The new studys findings could help scientists develop better drugs.E. In other words, nighttime injuries took an average of 11days longer to heal.F. Worldwi

13、de, billions of dollars are spent every year on wound-treatment services.G. Thats what a group of researchers from a university in Canada recently published.3、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。 Restaurant chefs, home cooks, and foodiespeople who love good foodoften say that we eat with all of

14、 our senses. First, we use our sense of sight to appreciate how a meal is presented, either on a dinner plate or a dining table. _ Additionally, with our sense of smell, we breathe in the mouthwatering smell rising up from the meal. Finally, we enjoy the food with our sense of taste. But does sound

15、also affect our dining experience? A new report from researchers at Brigham Young University said yes. “Hearing is often called the forgotten food sense ”,says Ryan Elder,an assistant professor of marketing at Brigham Young University. _ On the other hand, watching loud television or listening to lo

16、ud music while eating can hide such noises. And this could lead to overeating. During the experiments, the test subjects wore headphones and listened to noise at either a high or low audio level. _ The study found that subjects who listened to the higher volume noise ate more biscuits than those wit

17、h the low audio levels. Elder says that when hiding the sounds of eating,like when you watch television or listen to loud music while eating, we take away the sense of hearing. _ The researchers are calling this the “crunch effect”,which they admit may not seem like much at one meal. But over a week

18、, a month or a year, all that food can really add up. So hearing the sound of eating does reduce the amount of food you eat. _ Hearing the noises of your meal as you eat could also help you to be more mindful of the experience and perhaps help you to enjoy it more.A.Then researchers gave them a hard

19、 snack: biscuits.B.But besides not overeating,there is another(好处)C.And this may cause you to eat more than you would normally.D.In fact, beautiful food is healthier than food that doesnt look attractive.E.He notes that soft and sweet sound is thought to improve the taste of food.F.Our sense of touc

20、h can also be important when preparing or sharing food.G.He says that if people notice the sound the food makes as they eat it,they might eat less.4、How similar are language and music? Language is part of our daily life, no matter where we live in the world. It is the same with music, whether you li

21、sten to it on the radio on your drive to work or sit before an orchestra. Both language and music play a huge role in our culture._ Both language and music have a writing system. In English we record language using the alphabet, which is a collection of letters. Similarly, we use notes to keep a rec

22、ord of music. Musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music._ By writing pieces of text or music, we are able to share experiences through time. We can read the ideas or hear the composition of someone who lived hundreds of years ago. _ You can make a good guess at where someone is fr

23、om by listening to the language they use. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation. Both share emotion._ Of course you may be able to

24、see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy. Music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling, and allows us to share in that emotion. When you feel happy, you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate yo

25、ur happiness._ I think we have all used music to express or process our emotions, often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics.A.Both are expressive.B.Both vary with culture.C.Here are some of their similarities.D.How do you know that I am angry?E.We use language to express our though

26、ts.F.So just as you read English, you can read music.G.In contrast, you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down.5、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tin Feeling Very Blue Today Every people has its own way of saying things and its own special expressions. _ Red is a hot col

27、or._When they are red hot, they are very angry about something. Fast loud music is popular with many people. They may say the music is red hot, especially the kind called Dixieland jazz. _People sometimes say they are in the pink when they are in good health. The expression was first used in America

28、 at the beginning of the twentieth century. It probably comes from the fact that many babies are born with a nice pink color that shows that they are in good health. Blue is a cool color. The traditional blues music in the United States is the opposite(相反) of red hot music. _ The color green is natu

29、ral for trees and grass. But it is an unnatural color for humans. A person who has a sick feeling stomach may say he feels a little green. A passenger on a boat who is feeling very sick from high waves(海浪) may look very green. Sometimes a person may be upset because he does not have something as nic

30、e as a friend has, like a fast new car. _Some people are green with envy(嫉妒) because a friend has more dollars or greenbacks. Dollars are called greenbacks because that is the color of the back side of the paper money.A.Someone who is blue is very sad.B.That person may say he is green with envy.C.Ma

31、ny everyday American expressions are based on colors.D.Pink is a lighter kind of red.E.In some cases, colors describe a situation.F.Americans often use it to express heat.G.Blues is slow, sad and soulful.6、How to grow tomatoes?Given the proper climatic (气候的) conditions, you can grow tomatoes nearly

32、anywhere. Before you grow tomatoes, check if your area has the right climatic conditions for this purpose. _ And if it doesnt，just give up this idea._ One is to grow them from seed and the other is to grow them from the plants. The seeds usually take six to eight weeks to grow. If you dont know how

33、to grow tomatoes from seed, you can consider buying the plants directly. Many of these plants can be found at most garden centers.Tomatoes dont grow well in cool conditions. _ Tomatoes require areas with full sun and should have enough protection from strong winds as well, thats more，they require a

34、lot of water； therefore, you had better water your tomato plants regularly. _Check tomato plants daily for any ripe (成熟的) produce. Picking often helps more to grow. Once the end of growing season is coming, its helpful to remove any flowers as well. _ If you still have a lot of green tomatoes during

35、 this time，go ahead and pick them. These can be stored in a warm area up to four weeks, and then they will turn red.A. Its not that difficult to grow tomatoes.B. Doing this can help existing fruits grow.C. If it does, find some land for growing some.D. There is one popular way to grow tomatoes.E. Th

36、ere are two ways for you to grow tomatoes.F. Pay attention to all these things to grow tomatoes well.G. They require an average temperature of 65 F or higher to grow well.7、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Have you ever heard of a bug(虫子)called the cicada(蝉)?Well,a special kind of these bugs

37、 live underground in the US for most of their lives.They have an interesting bio-clock. _ Every 17 years,billions of the noisy Brood V cicadas will swarm(涌现)to northeastern parts of the US, including New York,Ohio and Pennsylvania._ But there are usually a lot less of them compared to the Brood V ci

38、cadas._ According to Discovery News,these bugs started their lives in 1999.And as their 17-year life cycle comes to an end,they go above ground when their underground homes get warmer64 degrees Fahrenheit (about 18) to be exact.Then the females will lay hundreds of eggs in trees._ The baby cicadas w

39、ill go underground,and the 17-year cycle will start over again.While they can be kind of annoying,these bugs dont harm humans._ That sound is the male cicadas attracting the female cicadas.Besides,a large amount of laid eggs can sometimes harm small trees and bushes because there are so many of the

40、17-year cicadas.However,after this summer,these bugs will mostly mind their own business until 2033.A.They feed on leaves and roots.B.It tells them when to go above ground.C.What makes Brood V cicadas so special?D.But they do make a lot of noise during their time above ground.E.After about four to s

41、ix weeks,the mother and father cicadas will die.F.For a different brood of cicadas,mating season is just around the corner.G.There are other kinds of cicadas that come around once a year or every 13 years.8、Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowe

42、d to sleep, they die within a month. .One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for

43、a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. .Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cen

44、t smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new

45、experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. You keep what matters, Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

46、B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E. Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learn

47、ing.F. Sleep is the price we pay for learning, says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G. Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：A; E; G; D; B解析：本文为说明文。批判性思维是一种运用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以达到真正潜能的艺术。这是更好地思考。文中介绍了一些帮助你建立批判性思维基础的技巧和想法:勇于质疑、会移情,为

48、他人着想、与聪明的人相处等。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段是对批判性思维的定义。批判性思维是一种运用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以达到真正潜能的艺术。接着进行解释:这并不是你思考的更久或更长。那是什么呢?”而是.”。分析选项,选项A(而是关于更好的思考)。不是.而是.,正是一种常用的解释,因此A项符合题意。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。第二段最后一句“Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.” 那么整个基础就需要自下而上重建。由此可推断“如果是错误的就是重建”。分析选项,E项(但是如果他们被证明是

49、错误的,或者至少不是完全真实的呢?)与后面的整个基础就需要重建是互为条件。故选E项。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的意思是说除非你亲自调查过,否则不要把权威性的信息带进来。因为我们无法都仔细检查每件事,所以权威性的东西并不非一定是值得信赖,并非是真的。分析选项可知,只在G项(所以杂志或网络上发表的内容并不意味着这是真的。)的意思与之相符,因为杂志上发表的东西相对是权威性的。故G与本段意思相一致。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的中心为:设身处地为别人着想即移情还可以帮助你培养批判性思维的技能。因为一点点理解就有助于深入了解他们。你理解他人越深,你做出的决定或判断就越明智。分析选项

50、,可知D选项选中的动词understand与本段中的名词understanding,选项中的judge评判与本段中decisions决定,判断是词义的复现。而其句意: “不理解别人时不要评价别人”,与本段意思相一致。因此D项符合题意,故选D。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空后内容:跟你身边的聪明的人学习是最好的办法,如果你想变得更聪明,那就不要自负,要与聪明的人交朋友,总之就是要与聪明的人在一起。本小题是对本段的总结,分析选项可知B项(和比你更聪明的在一起)符合题意。 2答案及解析：答案：B; A; C; E; F解析：语篇解读本文介绍了一项科学研究,研究表明在白天受的伤比在夜晚受的伤

51、愈合得更快。1.B细节句。根据空后信息可知,此处作者强调昼夜节律有很强的周期性,B项衔接前句,表明昼夜节律像时钟或者计时器一样,符合语境。2. A 细节句。根据空前句中的 “a cyclea series of activities are repeated day after day”可知此周期每天循环,由此可判断周期时长为24小时,故选A。3.C过渡句。空前句提到研究人员研究分析了烧伤数据库,空后句谈到调查研究结果,由此判断C项符合语境。 4.E总结句。由上文信息可知,夜晚受的烧伤修复需要28天的周期, 而空后信息谈到,白天受的烧伤修复只需要17天。因此可以判断,夜晚修复的平均周期比白天长

52、11天,故E项符合语境。5.F过渡句。根据空前句可知,创伤治疗费用高,后文举例“such services cost around $6.56 billion”说明治疗费用不菲,因此F项符合语境。 3答案及解析：答案：FGACB解析：空格上文阐述,我们通过视觉欣赏餐盘或者餐桌上的食物,空格下文阐述,用我们的嗅觉我们可以闻到食物散发出的香味,因此推断此处讲述我们如何使用我们的感官品尝食物,所以F项“我们的触觉在准备或分享美食的时候也是很重要的”符合语境,讲述我们如何使用触觉享受美食,与上下文相符、故选F。根据空格下文句首的“On the other hand”可知,上下文讲述相反的两个方面。由下

53、文人们在进餐时看音量较大的电视或听喧闹的音乐可以掩盖就餐的声音,会导致过度进食可以推断G项“他说,如果人们注意倾听他们进食发出的声音, 可能会吃得更少”符合语境。故选G。空格上文阐述在实验中,实验对象戴着耳机听音量大小不同的声音,空格下文阐述研究发现,听较高音量的比听较低音量的实验对象进食多。因此可知,实验中,研究对象听着音量大小不同的声音吃东西,所以A项“研究者给实验对象一包松脆可口的零食:脆饼干”符合语境。故选A。空格上文阐述吃东西时看电视或者听嘈杂的音乐会掩盖进食的声音,失去了听觉,结合上一段的实验结果可知, 失去听觉可以导致你进食超量。故选C。空格下文阐述倾听进食的声音可以有助于更加关

54、注进食的过程因而更加享受美食的体验。结合空格上文提到倾听咀嚼声以避免过度进食推断,此处讲述了倾听咀嚼声的好处除了避免过度进食还有另外一个好处。故选B。 4答案及解析：答案：CFBDG解析：本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了语言和音乐有哪些相同之处。1.C 根据上文 Both language and music play a huge role in our culture.可知,语言和音乐在我们的文化中扮演着重要的角色,下文介绍了语言和音乐的一系列共同点。C项(以下是它们的一些相似之处。)承上启下符合语境。2. F根据设空前两句可知英语和音乐都是可以被记录下来并且能读取的F项(正像你可以读英语一样

55、,你也能读音乐,)承接上文。故选F项。3.B本空下段落的主要内容是音乐和语言都随着文化而变化、关键词是culture。故选B项。4.D 根据空后的Of course you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy. 可知这里是说人们可以通过语言和音乐表达情绪,D项(你怎么知道我生气了?)符合语境。故选D项。 5. G G项中的sad music及feeling down与空前一句中的h

56、appy song及feel happy相对照,符合语境,故选G项。 5答案及解析：答案：C; F; D; G; B解析：【文章大意】本文主要介绍了用颜色表达人们心情的各种方式。1.C空格前面的每个民族都有自己的表达方式与C项很多美国的日常用语是基于颜色的意义一致。故选C。2.F根据空格前面的Red is a hot color.(红色是一种热情的颜色。)可知,与F项, 美国人经常用红色来表达热。的意义一致。 故选F。3.D 从空格后面的People sometimes say they are in the pink when they are in good health .(当人们身体健

57、康的时候,会说他们处在粉色之中。)可知,与D项粉色是浅一些的红色,意义一致。 故选D。4.G空格前面的Blue is a cool color.与G项布鲁斯乐曲是缓慢、悲伤和深情的.意义一致。故选G。5.B 从空格后面的Some people are green with envy(嫉妒).,可知,与B项那个人可能会说他羡慕不已.意义一致。故选B。 6答案及解析：答案：CEGFB解析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了种植西红柿需要注意的一些问题。1. 此空设于段中，是对上一句的进一步解释。前一句讲在你准备种植西红柿之前，要检查一下你所在区域的气候是否适宜，所以可推测下一句应该围绕气候是否适宜的情况

58、进行展开。另外根据空格后一句内容如果不适宜的话，就放弃这个想法，也可推测出答案。2. 此空设于段首，是本段的主旨句。后面提到的种植西红柿的两种方法均是围绕这一句展开的。3.此空设于段中，对本段第一句进行解释。前一句讲在凉爽的环境下，西红柿长得不好，此句接着对其进行解释.点明种植西红柿所需要的具体适宜温度。4.此空设于段尾，对本段讲述的内容进行总结。 前面都是在讲种植西红柿需要注意哪些事项，此处接着总结，告诉我们要想种好西红柿，得注意以上方面。5.此空设于段中，与上文之间存在逻辑上的指代关系。此空中的this指代的是前面提到的remove any flowers。 7答案及解析：答案：BGCED

59、解析：本文介绍了美国的一种蝉一种一生大部分时间都在地下度过的昆虫。1.B【解析】根据上文语境“它们有一个有趣的生物钟”以及下文对蝉生长时间的描述吋知,B项“它(生物钟)告诉它们什么时候去地面上”符合语境,故选B项。2 G【解析】根据上下文可知,本段讲的是蝉的种类,G项“还有其他种类的蝉每年或每隔13年来一次”也是对蝉的种类的描述,故选G项。3.C【解析】根据下文内容可知,本段讲的是Brood V类型的蝉的特殊之处,C项承接了上文的内容,同时对本段的内容进行了总结性的提问,故选C项。4.E【解析】根据设空处前一句“然后雌蝉会在树下产数百个卵”和后一句“幼蝉会进入地下,重新开始17年的循环周期”可

60、知,设空处需要对蝉产卵后到重新进入循环周期之间的状态进行描述,E项“大约四周到六周后,父蝉和母蝉都会死亡”，补充了蝉成年的状态,和上下文一起构成了对这种蝉从卵到成年、死亡然后重新开始循环的状况的描述。故选E项。5.D【解析】根据设空前的“虽然,它们可能会有点恼人”和设空后的“这声音是雄蝉正在吸引雌蝉产生的”可知,设空处应该是对蝉的声音的描述,故D项“但是，它们在地面上的时候,的确会制造很多噪音”符合语境。 8答案及解析：答案：CEFGB解析：1. 【解题思路】考查前后句的连贯。所有的动物都睡觉，但其原因仍然是谜。当实验室的老鼠不被允许睡觉时，它们一个月内就死了。同样，人类如果连续几天不睡觉，就

61、会生病。所以C项 正确。2. 【解题思路】考查前后句的连贯。第二段首句指出一个观点，即睡眠帮助人们巩固新的记忆。而E项则支持该观点，其中 That指代的就是睡眠帮助巩固新的记忆这一观点。所以E项正确。3. 【解题思路】考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，睡眠会为第二天的新记忆腾出空间，且由第四段第一句中的人称代词he可知，F项正确。4. 【解题思路】考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，有最直接的证据证明Tononi的观点是对的，而空后的内容介绍了实验结果，故可推知空处应是介绍了 Tononi做的相关实验，故G项正确。5. 【解题思路】考查前后句的连贯。根据空前的关键词protected, stayed以及空后的keep, matters可知，B项正确。