2022版新高考英语外研版一轮学案：语法专项突破 板块2 第2讲　形容词、副词和比较等级 WORD版含解析.doc

1、第2讲形容词、副词和比较等级考点1形容词和副词的基本用法1. 形容词的基本用法(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。(2020全国卷)The beautiful long branches covered with pinkcolored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，成为美妙的装饰。Although it doesnt taste of anything special, its still worth a try.尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方，但是还是值得一试。Conditions w

2、ere so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.状况太差，他想再找到踪迹是不可能的。(2)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。Flushed and breathless, she bounded in through the gate.她满脸通红气喘吁吁从大门口跑了进来。以ly结尾的形容词，常见的：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。2. 副词的基本用法(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整

3、个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。(2020全国卷)Landing on the moons far side is extremely challenging.登陆月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。(2020全国卷)As the small boat moved, gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，群山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。(2020全国卷)Bamboo: Chinese love their

4、“Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. Certainly during the holiday period, this plant is a must.竹子：中国人喜欢他们的“富贵竹”植物，你会经常在家里和办公室看到它们。当然在节假日期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末); meanwhile“在此期间”； therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”； moreover/ furthermore“

5、而且，此外”； besides“另外，还有”； however“然而”； instead“相反，代替”； anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”； otherwise“否则”。The young man couldnt afford a new car. Instead, he bought a used one.那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。The house was too expensive and too big. Besides，Id grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小

6、屋了。易用错的几类副词(1)意义有别的同根副词。如：free(免费地)/freely(自由地), hard(努力地) /hardly(几乎不), late(晚，迟)/lately(最近), most(很，最)/mostly(主要地), fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地), near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。(2)有些副词有两种形式：以ly结尾时表示抽象意义；与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：close接近/closely密切地； wide宽地/widely广泛地； high高地/highly高度地； deep深地/deeply深深地。考点2形容词和副词的比较等级1. 比较级和最高

7、级的构成(1)规则变化变化规则例词单音节的词一般在后面加er和esttalltallertallestquickquickerquickest以“辅音字母e”结尾的词，在后面加r和stlatelaterlatestpalepalerpalest以“辅音字母y”结尾的词，将y改为i，再加er和estearlyearlierearliestheavyheavierheaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加er和estthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest其他双音节和多音节的词都在前面加more和mostcarefulmore care

8、fulmost careful有少数几个双音节以及ow, er, le结尾的词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词：narrow, common, clever, simple, quiet, stupid等。(2)不规则变化good/wellbetterbest; bad/illworseworst; many/much moremost; farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest; littlelessleast; oldolder/elderoldest/eldest2. 比较等级的用法(1)同级比较asadj./a

9、dv. (原形)as. “和一样”；not as/soadj./adv. (原形)as. “和不一样”Since people are fond of humour, it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。当as. as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：as形容词原级a(n)n. as.asmany可数名词复数as.asmuch不可数名词as.Im not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleanin

10、g and I have never had as tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。(2)比较级“形容词/副词比较级than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更”。“less形容词/副词原级than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方”。I know my sister better than anyone else.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。修饰比较等级的副词：much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, any等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较

11、级，这也是短文改错中常出现的错误之一。(3)最高级表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the最高级表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“是中最的”。(2020全国卷)But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.但是我认为，虽然(在)金钱(上支持作家)是极好的，也不可或缺，但重读一个作家的著作，才是读者能够给予他/她最高的报酬。Tom is content with

12、 the watch. It is the best gift he has ever got.汤姆对这块表很满意。这是他得到的最好的礼物。最高级的其他表达法否定词比较级比较级thanany other单数名词比较级thanall the other复数名词比较级thanany of the other复数名词比较级than anything/anyone elseYour story is perfect. Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了，我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。The Yangtze River is longer th

13、an any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的：favourite，wonderful，exhausted等；有些词本身有比较级含义，故不与than连用，如be senior to等。(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型theadj. /adv. 比较级， theadj. /adv. 比较级 “越，越”adj. /adv. 比较级andadj. /adv. 比较级“越来越”theadj. 比较级of

14、the two名词“某人或某物是两者中较的那个”no more than“仅仅”， not more than“至多；不超过”more. than. “与其说不如说”no比较级than “和一样不”not比较级than “不比更”倍数句型A is倍数比较级thanBA is倍数as原级asBA is倍数the名词(size, length, height等)ofBThe more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared.一篇文章越积极乐观，就越有可能被分享。The electronic waste stream is i

15、ncreasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.总的来说，电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。More and more people realise the importance of learning a foreign language well.越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。考点3形容词和副词的词性转换形容词和副词的词形变化及词性转换是形容词和副词的考查热点。如果用来修饰名词或在系动词后作表语，应用形容词形式；如果用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，则应用副词形式。正确分析句子结构，判断

16、设空处在句中所作的句子成分，并牢记形容词变副词的规则，是解答此类题目的关键。. 单句语法填空1. (2020天津市和平区高三线下第一次模拟考试)Although the main characters in the fiction are so true to life, they are certainly imaginary (imagine)2. (2020江苏省连云港市赣榆区高三高考仿真训练)Be careful about the boundary between your work and your life, or your attitude and emotion in one

17、 area will negatively (negative) affect the other.3. (2020广东广州模拟)Recently they were awarded the highest (high) environmental honor from the United Nations for their great contributions to creating a greener world.4. It is both the longest sea crossing and the longest fixed link on earth, another sig

18、nificant (significance) project.5. The day is known as the Moon Festival, as at that time of the year the moon is at its roundest and brightest (bright)6. A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially (especial) if you are travelling at high speed.7. It was considerate (consider) of

19、Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.8. The girl used to be shy, but is gradually (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.9. Little Tom sat amazed (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.10. I dont think what he said is relevant (

20、relevance) to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point. 语篇语法填空Museums make 1. _ (they) unique contributions to society. Since 1977 each year around May 18, International Museum Day 2. _ (celebrate), with the aim of increasing public awareness about the role of museums in developing socie

21、ty, because museums are an important means of 3. _ (culture) exchanges. The enrichment of cultures and development of mutual understanding, cooperation, and peace among peoples are 4. _ a museum conveys. Its also 5. _ great excuse to take a day to enjoy your favourite museum, or figure 6. _ somethin

22、g new. The theme is Museum and Memory, 7. _ (hope) to draw attention to the way in which museums list human history.While theres nothing stopping you from enjoying some more about museums, weve prepared a list of 8. _ (possible) the top 15 museums in the world, all of which contain 9. _ (work) of ar

23、t everyone should see. 10. _ (locate) all over the world, each of these museums contains something different yet essential to broaden your knowledge of human history.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际博物馆日的目的、意义，以及主题。1. their考查代词。分析句子成分可知，设空处在句中作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。2. is celebrated考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语，根

24、据时间状语“each year around May 18”可知，此处表示一个经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时；celebrate 与主语 International Museum Day之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语为单数概念，故填is celebrated。3. cultural考查词性转换。设空处修饰名词exchanges，应用形容词，故填cultural。4. what考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处在系动词are后引导表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what。5. a考查冠词。excuse意为“借口”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个好借口”，应用不定冠词，且great以辅

25、音音素开头，故填a。6. out考查固定搭配。figure out为固定搭配，意为“想出；弄懂”，故填out。7. hoping考查非谓语动词。本句已有系动词is，此处与系动词之间无连词连接，应用非谓语动词形式；hope与其逻辑主语theme之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填hoping。8. possibly考查词性转换。设空处修饰形容词top，应用副词。故填possibly。9. works考查名词的单复数。work意为“著作；作品”时，为可数名词，此处指不止一件作品，应用复数形式，故填works。10. Located考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处在句中作状语；locate与其逻辑主语 each of these museums之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填Located。