2022版高中英语人教版（浙江专用）一轮学案：必修3 UNIT 4 ASTRONOMY THE SCIENCE OF THE STARS WORD版含解析.doc

1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars 主题: 人与自然子话题: 地球与宇宙奥秘探索对应教材: 必修1Unit 3Travel journal; 必修1Unit 4Earthquakes; 必修2Unit 4Wildlife protection; 必修3Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars; 必修3Unit 5Canada“The True North”重点单词巧记. 核心单词1.

2、 atmosphere n. 大气层; 气氛2. fundamental adj. 基本的; 基础的3. thus adv. 因此; 于是4. gentle adj. 温和的; 文雅的5. climate n. 气候6. crash vi. &vt. 碰撞; 坠落7. pull n. &vt. 拉(力); 拖; 牵引力8. floatvi. &vt. (使)浮动; (使)漂浮n. 漂浮物9. system n. 系统; 体系; 制度10. theory n. 学说; 理论11. exist vi. 存在; 生存12. unlike prep. 与不同; 不像. 拓展单词1. religion

3、n. 宗教; 宗教信仰religious adj. 宗教的2. violent adj. 猛烈的; 激烈的; 强暴的violence n. 暴力 violently adv. 暴力地; 猛烈地3. harmful adj. 有害的harm n. &v. 伤害 harmless adj. 无害的4. exist vi. 存在; 生存 existence n. 存在; 生存5. puzzle vi. &vt. (使)迷惑; (使)为难n. 谜; 难题 puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的 puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的核心短语闪记1. lay eggs下蛋2. give birth to产

4、生; 分娩3. in ones turn轮到某人; 接着4. watch out for密切注意; 当心; 提防5. cheer up感到高兴; 感到振奋6. depend on 依靠; 取决于7. break out突发; 爆发8. prevent. . . from阻止; 制止9. block out挡住(光线)10. now that既然经典句式速记1. 【句型公式】: make it+adj. /n. +for sb. to do使某人做某事This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develo

5、p (使生命的发展成为可能). 2. 【句型公式】: (1)倍数+as+many/much+n. +as(2)倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as(3)倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than(4)倍数+the size/length/height/depth/width+of. . . 是的多少倍But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth (地球上的两倍远) and fell over. 1. “阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达prevent sb. from doing s

6、th. stop sb. from doing sth. ban sb. from doing sth. keep sb. from doing sth. discourage sb. from doing sth. 2. “动词+out”短语集锦block out挡住(光线) break out突发; 爆发find out查出; 弄明白die out灭绝put out扑灭run out用完let out泄露; 发出(声音)come out出版. 细品味经典文章(2020全国卷阅读理解D)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolut

7、ion that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe h

8、ave gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults. On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptationnot to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau,

9、as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land, ” said Redney C. Jubilado, a Un

10、iversity of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau. Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders, ” Dr.

11、 Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea. ”In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task e

12、asier for them. “It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population, ” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. . 按要求完成任务写出文章中有关人类与环境的单词和短语。evolution, adapted to, adaptation, made a living, underwater, natural sele

13、ction, physical characteristics. 重点词汇1. harmful adj. 有害的【教材原句】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (P26)许多科学家认为水的持续存在让地球将有害的气体和酸溶解到海洋中去。【词块必记】(1)be harmful to sb. /sth. 对某人/某物有害【语境速测】 单句语法

14、填空As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to ones health. As far as Im concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first. 一句多译众所周知, 吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。We all know that eating too much junk food is harmful to your health. It is known to us that eating too much junk food does harm

15、 to your health. 句式升级(用what引导的主语从句改写上面的句子)What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is harmful to our health. 2. exist vi. 存在; 生存【典型例句】The problem only exists in your head, Jane. 简, 这个问题不过是你的想象。【词块必记】(1)exist in存在于之中exist on靠为生there exist(s). . . 某地有; 存在(2)existencen. 存在; 生存come into exi

16、stence产生; 成立; 开始存在(3)existingadj. 现存的; 现行的【语境速测】 单句语法填空He finds it hard to exist on the money hes earning. Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist). 一句多译农业也存在着一些问题。Problems also exist in agriculture. There also exist problems in agriculture. There are al

17、so existing problems in agriculture. 3. puzzle vt. 使迷惑; 使为难n. 谜; 难题【典型例句】Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什么干那件事仍然让我费解。【词块必记】(1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想; 苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzledadj. 迷惑不解的; 困惑的be puzzled about对迷惑不解(4)puzzlingadj. 令人困惑的【熟词生义】While doing extensiv

18、e reading, you dont have to puzzle over every single word or phrase in the passage.在进行泛读时, 不用仔细琢磨文中的每个单词或短语。(v. 琢磨)【语境速测】 单句语法填空She lost heart since she failed the exam, because her future was puzzling (puzzle).People have long puzzled over/about how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. 句式升级You are

19、puzzled over/about it. It is a puzzle to many parents in China. (用what构成复合句)What puzzles you is actually a puzzle to many parents in China. 【写作金句】This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled. 今天早上, 当我走在街上, 我看到两位游客正在看地图, 看起来很困惑。. 核心短语4.

20、in ones turn轮到某人【教材原句】Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. (P26)这样, 轮到他们, 成为这个星球上最重要的动物。【词块必记】in turn依次; 轮流; 反过来by turns轮流; 交替地take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事It turns/turned out that. . . 结果【语境速测】 单句语法填空At the meeting they took

21、 turns to put (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system. The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns. 完成句子I, in my turn, became embarrassed and told her to take the money back. 这下轮到我尴尬了, 我告诉她把钱拿回去。. 经典句式5. But when I tried to step forward, I

22、 found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 但当我试着向前迈步的时候, 我发觉我被送出去很远。步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远, 因此我摔倒了。【句型公式】(1)倍数+as+many/much+n. +as(2)倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as(3)倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than(4)倍数+the size/length/height/depth/width+of【名师点津】(1)表示“两倍”时用twice或double, 三倍或三倍以上用“基数词+times”表达。(2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数

23、, half等其他程度状语来表达。【语境速测】 完成句子There are five times as many books in our library as in yours. 我们图书馆里的书是你们图书馆里的五倍。My school has expanded into a big one, which is three times as big as the previous one. 我的学校已扩展成一所大学校, 是之前的三倍大。The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional g

24、arbage as a whole. 电子垃圾的增长速度是传统垃圾的三倍。【备选要点】1. pull n. &vt. 拉(力); 拖; 牵引力【典型例句】We thought there might be something we could do, so we quickly pulled over to help. 我们认为或许可以做些事情, 因此我们快速地把车停在路边去帮忙。【词块必记】pull out驶出; 拔出; 抽出; 取出pull down 摧毁; 拉下来pull in进站; 吸入pull over 把开到路边; 靠岸pull through 康复; 渡过难关pull up 慢慢

25、停(车)【语境速测】 单句语法填空I decided to pull up behind the car and find out what was going on. The train from Shanghai will pull in at noon. As he was hopelessly wandering around the station, the train pulled out of the station. Luckily, Tom was not seriously injured. He pulled through after staying in bed fo

26、r two weeks. 2. in time及时; 终于【典型例句】As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way. ” Our efforts will pay off in time. 常言道: “有志者事竟成”。我们的努力迟早会有所回报。【词块必记】in no time立刻; 马上at no time决不(放在句首时, 句子用部分倒装)at a time每次; 一次at one time曾经; 一度at the same time同时【语境速测】 单句语法填空At one time, I even felt my pa

27、rents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be free from them. Luckily, I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal in no time. We reached on the top of Mount Tai, just in time to enjoy the rising sun. 句式升级In my view, you should at no time lose heart whenever you are in tr

28、ouble. In my view, at no time should you lose heart whenever you are in trouble. (倒装句)3. cheer up (使)高兴; (使)振奋; 感到高兴; 感到振奋【典型例句】When Im feeling depressed, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up. 当我情绪低落的时候, 妈妈就会给我讲有趣的故事逗我开心。【词块必记】(1)cheer sb. up使某人振作起来cheer sb. on(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励; 为某人加油cheer for为

29、而欢呼(2)Cheers! 口语(用于祝酒)干杯! 【语境速测】 单句语法填空They gathered round the swimming pool and cheered her on. Lets go to the football game and cheer for our favorite team. 完成句子I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 我真心希望她能振作起来, 勇敢地接受生活的挑战! 4. This produced a chain reaction, which ma

30、de it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了连锁反应, 使生命的发展成为可能。【句型公式】(1)make it+adj. /n. +for sb. to do sth. (2)make+it+adj. /n. +that从句(3)make+it+adj. /n. +to do 不定式(4)make+it+no good/no use/no value. . . +doing sth. 常用于这种句型的动词还有: think, consider, find, feel等。【语境速测】 单句语法填空I have a good command of Englis

31、h, which makes it easier for me to find (find )a good job. He is stubborn, which makes it no use quarrelling (quarrel) with him about it. I explained every step of the process in detail, which made it possible for them to understand how to make tea. . 单句语法填空1. (2020全国卷)These include plants that have

32、 sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful (harm)chemicals in groundwater. 2. (2020全国卷)As the small boat moved gently (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 3. (2020新高考全国卷)

33、And contrary to existing (exist) research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. 4. (2020全国卷)The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally (globe). 5. (2020江苏高考)And tens of millions i

34、n Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the preventable (prevent). . 完成句子1. What is known to us is that drinking too much is harmful to our health. 众所周知, 过量饮酒对我们的健康有害。(harmful)2. No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 无论他在哪里

35、, 早饭前散散步成为他的习惯(make it +n. +to do. . . )3. Li Mings mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Huas, but the price was twice as much as Zhang Huas. 李明的手机看起来和张华的一样, 但价格却是他的两倍。(倍数表达法)4. The typhoon was so violent that it destroyed many cars, trees and even houses. 这次台风太猛烈了以至于破坏了许多小汽车、树木甚至房子。(violent)5

36、. Its not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or not. 他们是否能够通过沟通达成协议还不清楚。. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)Unlike other stars in space, the moon is a satellite of our planetthe earth, 1. the only one suitable for life in the solar system. From ancient time, people 2. wished

37、(wish) to be able to float in the air or travel to the moon. They even imagined the unbelievable life on the moon. However, it is impossible for people 3. to live (live) on the moon, for there is no existence of atmosphere, 4. especially(especial) no oxygen and the climate is violent. Now that we ca

38、nt live on the moon, why do 5. scientists(scientist) spare no efforts to do research into it? That is because scientists are making use 6. of the special gravity, which is one-sixth of 7. that on the earth, to improve the growing of crops. It is also used for 8. global (globe) communication. But som

39、e evil ones use space for military purpose. Now, it is 9. recognized (recognize) that the peaceful use of space is a fundamental principle. Most countries have signed agreements to prevent any country from 10. producing (produce) space weapons. 核心素养让学生能在了解国内外文化差异的前提下, 认清并树立积极向上的价值观高考链接2020新高考全国卷阅读理解

40、C; 2020 天津高考阅读理解D; 2019北京高考阅读理解B. 话题与阅读理解(2020新高考全国卷阅读理解C)In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an articl

41、e about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the

42、 slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.

43、 This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mount

44、ain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea. Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen

45、from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditi

46、ons. 【文章大意】本文是对Tom Bissell的书的介绍与评论。1. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan? A. His friends invitation. B. His interest in the country. C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to wr

47、ite an article about the. . . 可知他对这个国家感兴趣。2. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Developing a serious mental disease. B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第二段的第一句话“他再次访问

48、乌兹别克斯坦的结果比那要多得多”可推知that指代上一段的最后一句话也就是他去那里的目的, 即写一本关于the Aral Sea消失的书, 故选D。3. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissells road trip in Uzbekistan? A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文中的第二、三段, 特别是第三段他被警察怀疑贩毒, 参加了奇怪的葬礼, 后来又突然遭遇沙尘暴、疾病、渔船困在了海里等这样的经历可推知他的乌兹别克斯坦之旅是“多事

49、故的”, 故选B。4. What is the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon. C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。分析文章结构可知作者先引出书的名字, 在第二、三段对书做了简单介绍, 以及最后对书进行评价, 故作者的目的就是介绍这样一本书。故选A。【微技能点拨】顺藤摸瓜, 把控故事情节本文属于记叙文, 是高考阅读理解中难度比较低的, 基本上都是按

50、照故事发展的时间顺序来展开。最后经常有一两句话抒发作者的情绪和感悟, 这是记叙文的精华也是难点。主要考查细节、猜词和推断, 如本文。 因此, 学生首先要弄清楚故事情节(what, who, when, where, why), 顺藤摸瓜, 定位与题目相关的词句甚至段落, 透过字里行间(发生了什么)把握作者的情感或寓意表达。本文中第1题为细节理解题, 根据策略解题如下: Step 1确定题干关键词: 题干关键词: what. . . Mr Bissell return to UzbekistanStep 2回到原文准定位: 第一段第三句A few years later, still attra

51、cted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. Step 3对比选项找最佳: 尝试解答: B。【语用提能】话题词汇volunteer; disappearance; host; wonder; sadden; stuck; well-rounded短语lose ones mind精神错乱; 失去理智, 不能自制end up doing最终pick up拿起; 好转; 接收【微语法填空】(2020新高考全国卷阅读理解C改编)阅读下

52、面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell 1. taught (teach) English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. A few years later, still 2. attracted (attract) to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article. His visit, however, ended up 3. involving(involve) a lot more than th

53、at. Hence this book, talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, 4. where millions of lives have been destroyed. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land and also a quick look 5. at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and 6. warmth(warm), but also its darker side

54、 of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets 7. a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. Mr Bissell 8. skillfully(skill) organizes historical insights and cultural references. As the author explains, this is neither a t

55、ravel 9. nor a history book. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of 10. Central (center)Asian traditions. . 话题与写作假定你是李华, 你们班对于是否需要太空探索进行了热烈的讨论。请根据下面的提示, 用英语写一篇短文。1. 大部分赞成: 许多新产品, 如气象卫生、通信卫星都直接得益于空间研究, 使全球人民受益匪浅; 2. 一些人反对: 太空探索浪费时间和金钱; 3. 你的观点。Step 1写作技巧1. 词汇提升(短语

56、优先)。There are many students who believe that space exploration has more advantages. There are a majority of students who believe that space exploration has more advantages. 2. 句式多变 (用it作形式主语)。However, others think that space exploration is a waste of time and money. However, others think that it is

57、a waste of time and money to explore space. 3. 思维品质(谚语的使用)。Every coin has two sides(任何事物都有两面性). In my opinion, though space exploration is a challenge to human beings, it is worth it. Step 2妙笔成篇Recently, our class had a heated discussion about whether we need space exploration. There are a majority

58、of students who believe that space exploration has more advantages. Many new products, such as weather and communication satellites, are products of space programs, and they have benefited people all over the world. However, others think that it is a waste of time and money to explore space. They point out the fact that it has cost billions of dollars to carry out the space research, but there have been many mysteries with little information brought back. Every coin has two sides. In my opinion, though space exploration is a challenge to human beings, it is worth it. 关闭Word文档返回原板块