2022高考外研版英语一轮训练：必修5 MODULE 6 人与环境、人与动植物 WORD版含解析.DOC

1、必修Module 6 Animals in Danger课下主题训练 人与环境、人与动植物.阅读理解AMillions of monarch butterflies (帝王蝶) once covered the trees of Californias coastal areas each winter, but now their numbers are decreasing.The recent annual Western Monarch Count found that the butterfly population was down by 99 percent from popul

2、ations 40 years ago.Monarch butterflies have two populations：eastern and western varieties separated by the Rocky Mountains.The populations are very similar in appearance, but western monarch butterflies are generally smaller and darker in color.The two also follow different migration (迁徙) patterns.

3、Eastern monarch butterflies spend winter in Mexico, while western ones gather on central California coasts to wait out the cold.In early spring, the two leave their rest places and begin to travel eastward.By the time the butterflies reach the Central Valley, they breed (繁殖)A butterfly can lay hundr

4、eds of eggs in a few weeks, and the new generation continues the migration.The cycle of generations and migration repeats every few weeks through the summer until the butterflies move as far as Idaho.And when the weather turns cold and the days get shorter, the butterflies return to Californias coas

5、ts.The overwintering population was counted every year.The missing information is the time period when the butterflies leave their winter woods and begin to breed in February, March and April.“We just dont know what theyre doing in that middle period and how we can better support the population，” sa

6、id Washington State University biologist Cheryl Schultz.“Maybe theyre resting in the woods, or maybe they need more fuel along the way, etc.Any of those things might help monarch butterflies get from the coastal overwintering sites to breeding sites broadly in the Central Valley，” Schultz added.To f

7、ill that gap, the researchers set up the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge.The tenweek program asks the public to submit photographs of monarch butterflies outside of their winter range.“We couldnt be looking for monarch butterflies right now without the involvement of the community.There just arent

8、 enough of us，”Schultz said.“Reaching out to the community means we might be able to learn something where there is virtually no other way to learn it.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。帝王蝶数量锐减，为了更好地保护它们，一些研究人员号召大众参与到他们的项目中以便保护它们。1From Paragraph 1, we know monarch butterflies _.Aare counted by researchers every decadeB

9、are in a very difficult situation now Chave lost their home in CaliforniaDhave moved to new places解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The recent annual . 99 percent from populations 40 years ago.”可知，帝王蝶数量锐减，处境堪忧。2What do the two varieties of monarch butterflies have in common?ATheir breeding places.BTheir appearance

10、 and size.CTheir way of fighting against cold.DTheir migration destination in winter.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In early spring, the two leave their rest places . they breed (繁殖)”可知答案。3Why was the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge set up?ATo know the exact number of monarch butterflies.BTo help monarch butt

11、erflies get through tough winters.CTo know better about monarch butterflies to help them.DTo find out the influence of human activities on monarch butterflies.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The missing information . how we can better support the population”及最后一句“To fill that gap, the researchers set up the West

12、ern Monarch Mystery Challenge.”可知，是为了更好地了解它们以便保护它们。4What do Schultzs words in the last paragraph show?AIts challenging to make the community get involved.BIts important to get help from the public.CIts difficult to study monarch butterflies.DIts rewarding to learn from the public.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第五段中的“

13、We couldnt be looking for monarch butterflies right now without the involvement of the community . virtually no other way to learn it.”可知，让大众参与到这个项目来很重要。BMalin Pinsky had the first of two lightbulb moments in 2003 while crossing Drake Passage. He was then standing on the bridge of a research ship an

14、d was scanning the sky for seabirds, which was one of his duties as a research technician on the cruise (乘船游览). Just five months earlier he had finished college, where he studied biology and environmental science.As the ship entered nutrientrich Antarctic waters, whales suddenly showed up all around

15、 the ship. That moment on the bridge helped him realize that the ocean looks featureless from the top, but theres so much going on underneath.The second lightbulb moment hit him several months later. Pinsky was then an intern (实习生) in Washington, DC.His job was making photocopies.It was around the t

16、ime when two big reports had come out.Both focused on what policies might best preserve US. ocean resources.“I realized we have all these laws and policies that determine how we as a society interact with the ocean.But theyre far out of date. We dont yet have the science to know what the new policy

17、should be，” Pinsky said.Today he runs a lab with about 20 workers.His team wants to seek how our changing climate, as well as overfishing and habitat destruction, might be driving changes in fish and other animals in the sea.To find out, team members travel each year to coral reefs near the Philippi

18、nes.There, they carefully catalog populations of different fish. They collect data on the growth and mating of these fish, their diversity and other factors.“Pinskys broad approach to the problem looking at species, where they live and how fisheries are managed is setting the pace for other scientis

19、ts，” says Kimberly Oremus, a fishery economist at the University of Delaware in Newark, “Pinsky is pushing the whole field to respond to his growing body of research.”语篇解读：本文主要讲述了海洋生态学家Marlin Pinsky 在两次突然醒悟的瞬间之后，带领着一个20人的团队致力于海洋生态环境的研究。5What made Pinsky have the first lightbulb moment?AThe vastness

20、of the ocean.BThe sight of seabirds in the sky.CThe view of Drake Passage.DThe appearance of whales around the ship.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“whales suddenly showed up all around the ship .but theres so much going on underneath”可知，出现在船周围的鲸鱼让Pinsky有了第一次突然醒悟的瞬间。6What did Pinsky realize when he was an intern

21、in Washington, D. C？AHe needed to take more photos of oceans.BHe should do something to update ocean policies.CThe US. ocean resources need to be better preserved.DThere have already been perfect policies to preserve the ocean.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I realized we have all these laws .But theyre far out

22、of date .”及后文内容可知，Pinsky那时意识到现在还没有新的科学依据来帮助制定新的海洋政策，他觉得他可以有所作为。7What does Pinskys team focus on?AThe harm of overfishing.BFeatures of different fish.CFactors affecting ocean ecosystems.DThe reasons for global warming.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His team wants to seek how our changing climate . changes in fis

23、h and other animals in the sea.”可知，Pinsky的团队主要关注影响海洋环境的因素。8Whats Kimberly Oremus attitude towards Pinskys research?APositive.BDoubtful.CDisapproving. DUninterested.解析：选A观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“.is setting the pace for other scientists”及“Pinsky is pushing the whole field to respond to his growing body of rese

24、arch.”可知，Kimberly Oremus对Pinsky的研究持肯定态度。.阅读七选五Polar bears are beautiful animals that serve an important part of the ecosystems._1_ And they are also losing range to the effects of global warming, which in particular affects the amount of sea ice.No wonder that the US.Fish and Wildlife Service identi

25、fied the rapid decline of sea ice as“the primary threat to polar bears” _2_ Removing even a single species can have potentially serious consequences.Polar bears are top of the line predators (捕食者) in areas where they live.All large predators perform a very important function._3_ When an animal group

26、 loses its natural predators, overpopulation, sickness and mass dieoffs can result.A sudden increase in population of Arctic seals would have a direct effect on the prey of seals and could reduce numbers of certain types of fish.This could have a direct effect on humans._4_ If people want a more peo

27、plecentered reason to save polar bears, it may be that the lack of polar bears could eventually affect human food supply and commercial fishing industries.The idea that no species, including humans, lives without depending on others might be the most important human reason to save this species._5_ T

28、hese include things like finding energy sources that dont give off greenhouse gases, not making any more attacks on polar bears, and stopping drilling for oil or natural gas in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)AAn ecosystem is highly dependent on all of its parts.BThey feed on seal, fish an

29、d native populations of deer.CTheyve lost most of their home ground for human activities.DThey can help regulate and control the populations of other species.EWe humans do have responsibility to save the life on the planet Earth!FPeople might have to compete with Arctic seals for food supplies from

30、fish.GThere are some things that may help slow warming trends and save polar bears.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。因为人类活动，北极熊已经失去了大部分的栖息地。文章说明保护北极熊的重要性及措施。1选C根据空后一句可知，空处内容应是有关北极熊失去的东西的。“And”和“also”表明设空处与空后是并列关系。故C项“因为人类活动，它们已经失去了大部分的栖息地”符合语境。2选A根据空后一句及后面的举例可知，任何一个物种的缺失都可能会引起严重的后果。故A项“生态系统高度依赖于它的所有部分”符合语境。3选D根据空前一句及空后

31、内容可知，所有的捕食者都在自己所生存的领域中扮演着重要角色，一旦失去它们，会导致很多问题的出现。故该空承上启下，说明的应是捕食者所扮演的重要角色，故D项“他们能帮助调节和控制其他物种的数量”符合语境。4选F根据空前一句及空后的内容可知，海豹数量的激增会导致鱼类数量的减少，会给人类带来直接影响，F项(人类可能会与海豹竞争食物鱼类)直接承接上文“a direct effect on humans”，并与下文最终影响人类的食物供应和渔业的发展衔接自然。故F项符合语境。5选G根据空后一句可知，本段主要说明的是保护北极熊的措施。故G项“有一些事情可能有助于减缓(气候)变暖的趋势，拯救北极熊”符合语境。空

32、后的“These”与G项中的“some things”的对应关系亦是提示。.短文改错Last weekend I went fishing with my cousins by a river, where is two miles away from my home by bike.When we were about to return for home, we found one of our bike lost.We were really nervous then.Asking about the lost bike, nobody told the truth except me.

33、And to my surprise, my parents dont scold me.Instead, they said I was a honest boy.I have benefited great from my family rules.Im not the best at schoolwork, but classmates trust me and nearly everyone is willing to making friends with me.It helps me know better about “Honesty is the best policy.”答案：第一句：wherewhich第二句：去掉for; bikebikes第四句：AskingAsked第五句：AndBut/Yet; dontdidnt第六句：aan第七句：greatgreatly第八句：but后加my; makingmake