2020-2021学年八年级英语上册 第五单元 语法单词素材 （新版）人教新目标版.docx

1、第五单元语法单词语法一 动词不定式作宾语1. 动词不定式的一般结构是“to+动词原形”，其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。2.用作宾语的动词不定式，常用在某些及物动词后构成动宾短语。如：plan/ask/choose/agree/expect/hope/decide/learn/prefer/know/wish/want/would like/would love等。例句：I expect to be back within a week.我预计一周之内回来。I promise not to be late again.我承诺不再迟到。二

2、介词with用法1. 表示“拥有某物；具有（品质、特征）”Mary married a man with a lot of money.Mary嫁给了一个很有钱的男人。2. 表示“与在一起；和”The old man lived with a little dog on the small island.这个老人和一条小狗住在小岛上。3. 表示用某种工具或手段Tom drew the picture with a pencil.Tom用铅笔画画。4. 常用短语make friends with sb.与某人做朋友talk with sb.与某人交谈help sb. with sth.在某方面帮

3、助某人withsbs help= with the help of sb.在某人的帮助下5. with+名词（+形容词/介词短语）表示伴随关系Tom sleepswith his mouth open.Tom张着嘴睡觉。三 连接副词how引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,how,why等引导，它们在宾语从句中作状语，不可省略。如：We didnt know when she would come back我们不知道她什么时候能回来。He knows where I live.他知道我住哪儿。Do you know why he was late?你知道他为什么迟到吗？Ca

4、n you tell me how Icanget to the post office?你能告诉我如何去邮局吗？注意：含how的词组也可引导宾语从句。主要有how old,how many,how much,how long,how often,how far等。如：Do you know how old he is?你知道他多大吗？四连接代词what引导宾语从句what引导宾语从句，在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语。Im wondering what he said just now.我在想他刚刚说了什么。You really dont know what it is.你确实不知道它是什么。Y

5、ou should find out what interests you most.你应该找到你最感兴趣的。注意：宾语从句通常要用陈述语序，但是whats the matter，whats wrong语序不变。Do you know whats wrong with him?你知道他怎么了吗？四 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句1. 连接代词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接代词what、who、whom、whose、which等引导，它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。如：Do you know who will come this afternoon?（作主语）你知道今天下午

6、谁会来吗？Did you hear what she said?（作宾语）你听到她说的话了吗？I dont know who you are.（作表语）我不知道你是谁。Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?（作gate的定语）你能告诉我，我们要去哪扇大门吗？2. 连接副词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接副词when、where、how、why等引导，它们在宾语从句中作状语，不可省略。如：We didnt know when she would come back.我们不知道她会什么时候回来。Do you know where he lives

7、 now?你知道他现在住在哪里吗？说明：含how的词组也可引导宾语从句。主要有how old、how many、how much、how long、how often、how far等。如：Do you know how old he is?你知道他多大年纪吗？单词一 Success/succeed/successful1. succeed的用法succeed表示“成功”，是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。succeed in doing sth.= do sth. successfully做成某事。At last he succeeded in solving the problem.最终，他

8、成功地解决了那个问题。2. success的用法success表示抽象意义的“成功”，是不可数的；表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”，则是可数的。He was a great success in business.他事业上很成功。3. successful的用法successful成功的；be successful in doing sth.成功地做某事。The performance was successful.演出很成功。Were you successful in finding a new house?你成功找到新房子了吗？二 plan 1.用作动词，计划plan to do sth.

9、计划、打算做某事I plan to plant some vegetables in the garden.我计划在花园种一些蔬菜。2.用作名词，计划make a plan to do sth.计划做某事make a plan for sth.为做计划plan for sth.为了的计划ones plan is to do sth.某人的计划是做某事Did you make a plan to go to the Great Wall?你计划去长城了吗？It is necessary to make a plan for this course.有必要给这门课程制定一个计划。三 Mindmin

10、d作名词，意为“头脑，主意，想法”An idea came into my mind.我想到了一个主意。mind作动词时，有以下用法：1.意为“当心；注意”，后跟名词或从句,也可单独使用。Mind the step!小心台阶!2.意为“介意；在乎”,主要用于疑问句和否定句。作不及物动词。-Do you mind if I smoke?如果我抽烟，你介意吗？-Not at all, please.一点也不，抽吧。作及物动词,后面通常接名词、代词、v-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。Would you mind my closing that door?你介意我关上那扇门吗?注意：Do (Would

11、) you mind doing sth.?这一句型通常用来表示请他人做某事,常译为“可否请你做某事”或“劳驾你做某事”,多用Would开头,用Do的情况较少。Would you mind making some room for the patient?请你给这位病人让点儿地方出来行吗?mind的常用短语：change ones mind改变主意；have in (ones) mind在某人心里有想法；keep in mind记住；make up ones mind决心，决定；Would you mind doing sth.?/ Would you mind not doing sth.?你介意（不）做某事吗？四 readyreadyadj.愿意的；准备好的The dinner is ready.晚饭准备好了。be ready to随时可(乐意,即将)；准备好He is ready to join the activity.他很乐意参加这个活动。be ready for为做好准备I must be ready for the test.我必须为考试做好准备。