Unit 5 Amazing things课时3 Grammar-【帮课堂】2021-2022学年七年级英语下册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）.docx

1、Unit 5 Amazing things Grammar 知识精讲知识点01 一般过去时（I） 教材P61【用法详解】1. 含义：用于表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 谓语部分结构：（1）be：was; were（2）行为动词：动词的过去式 3. 用法：（1）表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 We visited a farm last Sunday. （2） 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。 When I was in the countryside, I often went swimming in the river. = When I was in the country

2、side, I used to go swimming in the river. （used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事）4. 与一般过去时连用的时间状语：（1） yesterday, the day before yesterday（2） last.: last night, last week, last year, last month等（3） .ago: three years ago, two days ago等（4） 其他：in 1990, in the past, the other day, at that time, just now, this mornin

3、g等5. 动词过去式的规则变化1) 一般情况下，直接在动词末尾加-ed：cook-cooked look -looked watch- watched 2) 以不发音的e结尾，直接加d：like-liked, dance-danced, live-lived, use-used3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed：study-studied, try-tried， carry- carried 4) 在重读闭音节中，以单元音+单辅音结尾的音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed：stop-stopped, planned, chat- chatted 6. 动词过去式的不规则变

4、化1) 把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringrang，singsang，sitsat，swimswam2) 把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：drivedrove，riderode，writewrote3) 改动词原形中的aw ow为ew，变成过去式。如：drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词show除外，showshowed）4) 动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：getgot，forgetforgot5) 动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如：feedfed，me

5、etmet6) 动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept7) 动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：breakbroke，speakspoke8) 动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sellsold，telltold9) 动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：standstood，understandunderstood10) 以ought和aught结尾。如：bringbrought，buy bought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught11) 以ould结尾的情

6、态动词过去式。如：cancould，shallshould，willwould12) 把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如：comecame，becomebecame13) 在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：hearheard， saysaid，meanmeant14) 动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：letlet，mustmust，putput，readread15) 不符合上述规律的动词过去式。am，iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，have h

7、as had，holdheld，leaveleft，makemade，maymight，runran，seesaw，taketook7. 过去式“-ed”的发音规则1) 动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/ id /音，want wanted need needed 2) 动词词尾为清辅音时，发/ t / 音。help helped laugh laughed look looked kiss kissed wash washed watch watched 3) 动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/ d /音。call called staystayed crycried 【典例讲解】1.He

8、 _ America _ yesterday.A.leave for, by planeB.left for, by airC.is leaving for, by airD.leaves for, by air【答案】B【解析】句意：他昨天乘飞机离开去了美国。考查动词时态。根据“yesterday”可知，句子为一般过去时，动词用过去式left，故选B。2.First of all, they _ the Solar Power Club that day.A.learn aboutB.learnt aboutC.learn onD.learnt【答案】B【解析】句意：那一天，他们首先学习了关

9、于太阳能俱乐部的一些内容。考查动词短语及时态。根据“that day”可知句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式“learnt”。根据“the Solar Power Club”可知讲述学习的内容是“关于”太阳能俱乐部，用短语“learnt about”。故选B。3.Our school _ 2000 for the SPCA at the international food festival last Friday.A.will raiseB.raisesC.has raisedD.raised【答案】D【解析】句意：我们学校在上周五的国际美食节上为SPCA筹集了2000元。考查动词时态。根据时间

10、状语“last Friday”可知此句时态为一般过去时，故选D。4.Did you _ ping-pong with your brother yesterday?No, we _ soccer.A.played; playedB.play; playC.played; playD.play; played【答案】D【解析】句意：你昨天和你哥哥打乒乓球了吗？不，我们踢足球。考查一般过去时的用法。第一个空前面有助动词Did，所以后面动词用原形play；第二个空是陈述句，讲述的是昨天做的事，所以用play的过去式played。故选D。5.Did your friends and you hear

11、what the guide said in the museum?_. We were busy talking with each other at that time.A.Yes, we wereB.No, we werentC.Yes, we didD.No, we didnt【答案】D【解析】句意：你和你的朋友听到导游在博物馆里说的话了吗？不，我们没有。那时我们正忙着互相交谈。考查一般疑问句回答。问句中有助动词did，回答也用助动词构成，结合“We were busy talking with each other at that time.”可知，此处应该是否定的回答，故选D。能力

12、拓展一单项选择1.I _ play in the park _ I was a little girl. I really miss my happy days there.A.used to; afterB.didnt use to; whenC.didnt use to; afterD.used to; when【答案】D【解析】句意：当我还是个小女孩的时候，我经常在公园里玩。我真的很怀念在那里的快乐时光。考查固定搭配及连词辨析。根据“I really miss my happy days there.”可知过去常在公园玩，used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”；after在之后

13、，when当时候。再由“I was a liitle girl”可推出是当还是小女孩的时候常去公园玩，用when引导时间状语从句。故选D。2._ you study for the test last night?Yes, and I studied very hard to get good grades this time.A.DoB.DidC.AreD.Does【答案】B【解析】句意：你昨晚为考试而学习了吗？是的，这次我非常努力地学习以取得好成绩。考查一般疑问句及一般过去时态。“study”为实义动词，此空应该填一个助动词。故排除C项。根据“last night”可知，此句为一般过去时，

14、故助动词应该用did。故选B。3.Last Sunday Maria and Jane _ kites in thepark. They enjoy _ kites very much.A.flew;to flyB.flying;flewC.flies;flyingD.flew;flying【答案】D【解析】句意：上个星期天，玛丽亚和简在公园里放风筝。他们非常喜欢放风筝。考查动词时态及非谓语动词。fly飞，动词；根据时间状语“Last Sunday上个星期天”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应使用过去式，因此，第一空，使用fly的过去式flew；enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事

15、”，固定短语，因此第二空使用fly的动名词flying。故选D。4.My sister _ sing any English songs two years ago, but now she _ do it very well.A.cant; canB.couldnt; canC.cant; couldD.couldnt; could【答案】B【解析】句意：我姐姐两年前不会唱任何英文歌，但现在她唱得很好。考查一般现在时和一般过去时。cant不会；couldnt不会，cant的过去式；can能；could能，can的过去式，根据“two years ago”可知，第一个空用一般过去时，排除A和C

16、，由“now”可知，第二个空用一般现在时，排除D，故选B。5.We _ the chickens and _ in the river on our last school trip.A.fed; swamB.feed; swimC.feed; swamD.fed; swim【答案】A【解析】句意：在上次学校旅行中，我们喂了鸡，还在河里游泳。考查动词时态。fed喂，是feed的过去式；swam游泳，是swim的过去式；feed喂；swim游泳。根据“on our last school trip.”可知，事情发生在过去，动词要用过去式。故选A。6.I _ my bike yesterday.

17、Could you please give me a ride tomorrow?Im sorry I cant. Im _ to Shanghai tomorrow.A.loses; fly toB.lost; fly toC.lost; flying toD.lose; flying to【答案】C【解析】句意：我的自行车昨天丢了。你明天能载我一程吗？对不起，我不能。我明天乘飞机去上海。考查动词时态。根据“yesterday”可知，句子是一般过去时，第一空用过去式lost，排除A和D选项。根据“tomorrow”以及“fly”可知，fly是位置移动的词，用现在进行时表将来，故选C。7.Al

18、exander Hamilton is one of Americas most influential _ fathers. As the first secretary of the US Treasury （财政部长）, he _ the First Bank of the United States.A.founder, foundedB.found, findedC.founding, foundedD.founding, found【答案】C【解析】句意：亚历山大汉密尔顿是美国最有影响力的开国元勋之一。作为美国第一任财政部长，他创立了美国第一银行。考查词汇辨析和时态。founder

19、创办者，发起者；found建立；finded单词错误；founding成立的；founded是found的过去式和过去分词。根据“Alexander Hamilton is one of Americas most influential . father”可知，第一空指的是“开国元勋”，用founding father表示；第二空缺少谓语动词，结合“As the first secretary of the US Treasury （财政部长）”以及语境可知，空处用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选C。8.Mary _ many books when she was young.A.readsB

20、.readC.readedD.reading【答案】B【解析】句意：玛丽年轻时读了很多书。考查时态。由句中时间状语“when she was young”可知，此句用一般过去时，read的过去式不变，故选B。9. _ you _ any better today, young lady? Yes, thank you, Doctor Mason. It _ as much as it _ yesterday.A.Are.feeling; doesnt hurt; didB.Arefeeling; hurts; hurtC.Do.feel; wasnt hurt; hurtD.Do.feel;

21、hurts; did【答案】A【解析】句意： 小姐，你今天感觉好点了吗？ 是的，谢谢你，梅森医生。不像昨天那么疼了。考查时态。根据“today”可知，此句时态是现在进行时，因此“Are.feeling”符合句意；再者根据“yesterday”可知，现在没有昨天那么疼，因此“doesnt hurt；did”符合句意。故选A。10.This smart phone _ me almost ten thousand yuan but I regret buying it now. Why _ you think twice before you _ a decision?A.costs; dontm

22、akeB.costs; did.madeC.cost; did.madeD.cost; didnt.made【答案】D【解析】句意：这部智能手机花了我近一万元，但我现在后悔买了它。你为什么在做决定前不仔细考虑一下？考查动词时态以及特殊疑问句。根据“but I regret buying it now”可知，“买手机”这个动作发生在过去，第一空应填动词过去式，排除A和B选项。根据“Why you think twice before you a decision”可知，此处用why didnt you do sth的用法，用于提出建议，故选D。分层提分题组A 基础过关练一、 用所给单词的正确形式

23、填空1.Yesterday I _ (hear) the news that the village was in danger because of the heavy rain.【答案】heard【解析】句意：昨天我听到消息说，由于下大雨，这个村庄处于危险之中。hear“听见”，是动词，根据“Yesterday”可知句子时态是一般过去时，故填heard。2.Last year she_ (buy) a bike for her sister.【答案】bought【解析】句意：去年她给她的妹妹买了一辆自行车。根据时间状语“last year”可知，应该是用一般过去时，那么谓语动词应该变成一般

24、过去式，“buy”的一般过去式为“bought”，故填bought。3.When he _ (get) home, he always read a book.【答案】got【解析】句意：当他到家时，他总是看书。根据后半句“he always read a book”可知，时态为一般过去时，空处用get的过去式。故填got。4.When my father was young, he _(not have) much money.【答案】didnt have【解析】句意：当我父亲年轻的时候，他没有很多钱。根据“was”可知，句子是一般过去时，否定借助于助动词didnt，后面的动词填原形，故填d

25、idnt have。5.Alice often _ (finish) her homework at eight oclock, but she _ (finish) at nine oclock last night.【答案】 finishes finished【解析】句意：爱丽丝经常在八点钟完成作业，但昨晚她九点钟才做完。第一空空前“often”可知，此处时态是一般现在时，主语Alice是第三人称单数，因此谓语用三单finishes；第二空根据“last night”可知，此处是一般过去时，因此动词用过去式finished。故填finishes；finished。6.He fell off

26、 a big tree and _ (hurt) his arms.【答案】hurt【解析】句意：他从一棵大树上掉下来，伤了胳膊。根据“fell”可知句子是一般过去时，根据“and”可知用动词过去式形成并列结构。句子表达伤了胳膊，用动词过去式“hurt”。故填hurt。7.Jim studied hard and _ (become) a great writer later.【答案】became【解析】句意：吉姆努力学习，后来成为了一名伟大的作家。become“变得，变成，成为”。观察句子，根据“Jim studied hard and”可知应该是一般过去时，故填became。8.We wa

27、lked into the restaurant and a friendly waiter _(lead) us to our table.【答案】led【解析】句意：我们走进这家餐馆，一个友好的服务员带着我们到我们的桌子旁。根据“walked”可知句子是一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。表达“带领，引导”用过去式“led”。故填led。9.When the bell _ (ring), Mrs.White came into the classroom.【答案】rang【解析】句意：当铃响时，怀特夫人走进了教室。根据“Mrs.White came into the classroom.”可知，

28、从句的动作也是过去发生的，ring的过去式rang。故填rang。10.I _ (lose) my key at school, and I must _ (find) it.【答案】 lost find【解析】句意：我在学校丢了钥匙，我必须找到它。根据句意语境和英文提示可知，“lose”“丢失”这个动作是过去发生的，应用过去式“lost”；情态动词“must”后接原形动词“find”。故填lost；find。题组B 能力提升练一、 完型填空Mrs. Wilson and Mrs. Smith are sisters. Mrs. Wilson lives in a house in Dunca

29、n and Mrs. Smith lives in a flat in Victoria.one day，Mrs. Wilson _1_ her sister. When her sister answered the door，Mrs. Wilson saw tears （眼泪）in her eyes. Whats the matter？she asked. Mrs. Smith said My cat Sammy died last night and I have no _2_ to bury（埋葬）him.”She began to cry again. Mrs. Wilson was

30、 very _3_ to hear that because she knew her sister loved the cat very much. Suddenly Mrs. Wilson said，I can bury your cat in _4_ garden in Duncan and you can come and visit him _5_,Mrs. Smith slopped crying and the two sisters had tea together and a nice visit.It was now five oclock and Mrs. Wilson

31、said it was time for her to _6_ .She put on her hat，coat and gloves and Mrs. Smith put the dead Sammy into a shopping bag. Mrs. Wilson took the shopping bag and _7_ to the bus stop. She waited a long time for the bus，so she bought a _8_ When the bus arrived，she got on the bus，sat down and put the sh

32、opping bag on the _9_ beside her feet. She then began to read the newspaper again. When the bus arrived at her bus stop，she got off the bus and walked for about two minutes. Suddenly she remembered she _10_ the shopping bag on the bus.1.A.visitedB.foundC.sawD.met2.A.timeB.placeC.moneyD.way3.A.happyB

33、.gratefulC.angryD.sorry4.A.yourB.herC.myD.their5.A.everB.sometimesC.neverD.before6.A.go homeB.have a restC.have supperD.cook dinner7.A.leftB.gotC.walkedD.drove8.A.newspaperB.bookC.magazineD.map9.A.streetB.groundC.busD.floor10.A.forgotB.leftC.lostD.gave【答案】1-5 ABDCB 6-10 CCADB【文章大意】本文进述了成尔逊夫人把史密斯夫人的猫

34、遗落在公交车上的故事。【解析】1.one day，Mrs. Wilson 1 her sister.句意：一天，Mrs. Wilson 来看望她的姐姐。A. visited参观；看望B. found发现；C. saw看见；D. met见面。根据下文When her sister answered the door，Mrs. Wilson saw tears （眼泪）in her eyes可知，威尔逊夫人来“拜访”她的妹妹。故选A。2.句意：我的猫萨米昨晚死了，我没有地方埋葬他。A. time时间；B. place地方；C. money金钱；D. way方式。根据下文可知，史密斯夫人伤心的原因是

35、没有“地方”埋葬死去的猫。故选B。3.句意：威尔逊太太听到这个消息非常难过，因为她知道她姐姐非常爱这只猫。A. happy高兴的；B. grateful感激的；C. angry生气的；D. sorry对不起的。听到妹妹的哭诉，威尔逊夫人非常“伤心”。故选D。4.句意：我可以把你的猫埋在邓肯的花园里，你有时也可以来看望他。A. your你的；B. her她的；C. my我的；D. their他们的。根据Duncan的地点可知，威尔逊夫人说，“我可以把猫埋在我的花园里”。故选C5.句意：我可以把你的猫埋在邓肯的花园里，你有时也可以来看望他。A. ever曾经；B. sometimes有时候；C.

36、never绝不，从不；D. before在之前。由于猫埋在威尔逊夫人的花园里，因此史密斯夫人“有时间”可以来看看。故选B。6.句意：威尔逊说她该吃晚饭了。A. go home回家；B. have a rest休息；C. have supper吃晚饭；D. cook dinner做晚饭。由于5点了，威尔逊夫人该“回家”了。故选C。7.句意：威尔逊拿起购物袋，走到公共汽车站。A. left离开；B. got得到；C. walked走；D. drove开车。威尔逊夫人“步行”到车站。故选C。8.句意：所以他买了一份报纸。A. newspaper报纸；B. book书；C. magazine杂志；D.

37、 map地图。根据下文“began to read the newspaper”可知，威尔逊夫人买了份报纸。故选A。9.句意：当公共汽车到达时，她上了公共汽车，坐下来，把购物袋放在她脚边的地板上。A. street街道；B. ground地面；C. bus公共汽车；D. floor地板。根据beside her feet.可知是放在地板上。floor指车厢里的“地板，地面”。故选D10.句意：突然她想起把购物袋落在公共汽车上了。A. forgot忘记；B. left离开；C. lost失去；D. gave给。“1eave sth. +地点”是固定结构，表示“把某物遗忘在某地”。故选B题组C 培

38、优拔尖练一、 阅读理解ALittle Tommy was doing very badly in math. His parents had tried everythingtutors (家庭教师), cards, special learning centersin short, everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic (天主教的) school. After the first day, little Tommy came home with a very serious look on

39、his face. He didnt kiss his mother hello. Instead, he went straight to his room and started studying. Books and papers were spread (铺开) out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work. His mother was surprised. She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished eating, he went back to

40、his room, without a word. In no time he was back hitting the books as hard as before. This went on for some time, day after day while the mother tried to understand what was happening. Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card. He quietly put it on the table and went up to his room and hit

41、the books. His mom looked at it and to her surprise, little Tommy got an A in math. She could no longer hold her curiosity (好奇心). She went to his room and asked, “Son, what was it? Was it the nuns (修女)?” Little Tommy looked at her and shook his head, “No. ” “Well then,” she asked again. “WHAT was it

42、?”Little Tommy looked at her and said, “Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man nailed (钉) to the plus sign (加号), I knew they werent joking.”1.Why did Tommys parents send him to a catholic school?A.Because he could eat well there.B.Because he could earn more about nuns.C.Because his pa

43、rents wanted him to do better in his math.D.Because his parents didnt want him to learn math any more.2.Tommys mother felt surprised that his son _.A.was still the same as usualB.ate so much at dinnerC.kissed her hello after schoolD.worked hard but said little3.“Hitting the books” means “_” in Chine

44、se.A.用功B.捶书C.发泄D.振作4.The last sentence in the passage shows that _.A.Tommy felt sorry for the mailB.Tommy was afraid of being nailedC.Tommy didnt like the plus signD.Tommy liked playing jokes on others5.From the passage, we can infer (推断) that _.A.teachers should be strict with their studentsB.mista

45、king (误解) might do good sometimesC.a catholic school is much better than other onesD.nuns are good at helping children with their math【答案】CDABB【文章大意】短文讲述了Tommy数学学习不好，其父母想尽一切方法都不奏效，最后将他送进了一所天主教的教会学校。因为害怕不用功学习会被钉在十字架上，所以他一改自己原来不好的学习习惯，很快数学成绩有了提高。【解析】1.细节理解题，根据“Little Tommy was doing very badly in math

46、.”可知，Tommy的父母送他去天主教学校是因为父母想让他在数学方面更好，故选C。2.细节理解题，根据“Instead, he went straight to his room and started studying. Books and papers were spread (铺开) out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work. His mother was surprised. She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished eating, he wen

47、t back to his room, without a word.”可知，Tommy的妈妈感觉很惊讶，他的儿子学习努力但几乎不说话，故选D。3.词句猜测题，根据“Books and papers were spread (铺开) out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work.”和“In no time he was back hitting the books as hard as before.”可知，Tommy将书本展开满屋并努力学习起来，他一吃完饭就一言不发地回到自己房间，又像以前那样拼命地读书了。从这里可以看出 “H

48、itting the books”应该是努力用功的意思，故选A。4.推理判断题，根据“Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man nailed (钉) to the plus sign (加号), I knew they werent jokng.”，和上下文可知，短文最后一句话表明害怕被钉在十字架上，故选B。5.推理判断题，根据“Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man nailed (钉) to the plus sign (加号), I knew they w

49、erent joking.”及文章大意可知，Tommy对这所天主教的教会学校产生了误解，正是这误解导致了他最后学好了数学，所以误解有的时候也是好事，故选B。BA teacher was asking a student a lot of questions, but the student couldnt answer any of them. The teacher then decided to ask him some very easy questions so that he could get some right answers.“What was Bunker Hill?” s

50、he said. The student thought for some time and then answered, “An airport（机场）？”“No, it was a battle（战斗）,” the teacher said. She was a little annoyed now, but she was trying not to show it. Then she asked, “Who was the first President（总统）of the United States?”The student thought for a long time, but

51、didnt say anything. Then the teacher got much angrier and shouted, “George Washington!” The student got up and began to walk to his seat.“Come back!” the teacher said. “I didnt tell you to go.”“Oh, Im sorry,” the student said. “I thought you called the next student.”6.Why did the teacher then decide

52、 to ask him some very easy questions? Because _.A.the student couldnt answer all of themB.the teacher liked to ask easy questionsC.the teacher wanted him to get some right answersD.the student didnt think for a long time7.What was Bunker Hill? Its _.A.an airportB.the first PresidentC.a battleD.the n

53、ext students name8.The word “annoyed” is “_”.A.surprisedB.afraidC.happyD.angry9.Why did the student say nothing when he was asked again? Because he _.A.didnt know about itB.got angry, tooC.didnt want to say anythingD.wanted to go back10.From the story we can know _.A.the student in the passage studi

54、ed very hardB.the teacher liked the student very muchC.the student was very bad at historyD.the student was very popular at his school【答案】CCDAC【文章大意】这篇短文讲述的是在一节课上，老师问某一个学生问题，但他都答不出来。于是老师问他一些比较简单的问题，但这个学生还是回答不出来，还闹出了一个笑话。【解析】6.细节理解题。根据文中“so that he could get some right answers”可知，老师问学生一些非常简单的问题是为了让他得

55、到正确回答。故选C。7.细节理解题。根据文中“No，it was a battle”可知，Bunker Hill是一次战役。由此可知应选C。8.词义猜测题。根据这个学生回答不出一个极为简单的问题，及下文中Then the teacher got much angrier“老师变得更加生气了”可知，annoyed的意思是“生气的”。故选D。9.推理判断题。根据下文“Oh, Im sorry,” the student said. “I thought you called the next student.”可知，这位学生不知道乔治华盛顿是美国第一任总统，因此他什么也没说的原因是他不知道答案。故选A。10.推理判断题。老师问的两个问题均与历史知识有关，而该学生一个问题都回答不出来。由此可知，该生历史知识很差。故选C。