专题 12 英美文化阅读理解专项：外国人美国行医 美国农场 澳大利亚人日常生活-2024年高考英语常考英美文化阅读专练 素材积累.docx

1、29. The way for a foreigner to work as a doctor in the USTo become an American doctor, one way is to complete a medical residency in the United States. A residency is a period of hospital training for medical school graduates.To be accepted, foreign-trained doctors need approval from the Educational

2、 Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates. The process involves passing several tests. After that, foreign doctors can receive a visa to stay in the United States, at least for the training period.Practicing medicine in the United States also involves other steps.But the first thing that foreign-tra

3、ined doctors have to do is make sure they attended a recognized medical school. It has to be listed in the FAIMER International Medical Education Directory. FAIMER is the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research.If their school is not listed, then foreign-trained do

4、ctors cannot be approved for a residency. One solution is to go back to medical school - an American medical school.One hundred twenty-five schools in the United States belong to the Association of American Medical Colleges. The group says more than one thousand one hundred foreign citizens applied

5、for the current school year. One-fourth of them were admitted last fall.Almost all medical schools in the United States require applicants to report scores from the Medical College Admission Test.Future doctors in the United States traditionally complete four years of medical school after undergradu

6、ate school. Then, as residents, they treat patients under the supervision（监督）of experienced doctors. A residency is generally between three and seven years. The first year is called an internship.The Association of American Medical Colleges publishes a book called Medical School Admissions Requireme

7、nts. The newest one is for two thousand eight-two thousand nine. The guide has details about every school as well as information for foreign students.The book costs twenty-five dollars and can be ordered through the associations Web site. (311 words)Helper:residencyrezidnsi住院医生实习期 approval 正式批准 proc

8、ess程序，步骤 involve 包括 visa签证 practice (医生, 律师等)开业 directorydirektri目录 applicantpliknt申请者 undergraduate (尚未取得学位)大学生supervision.sju:pvin监督 internshipint:nip实习医师期, 实习生Brief Introduction:要想成为一名美国医生，一种途径就是要在美国完成医学专业毕业后的专业化医疗训练。外国的医生要获得认可，要经过教育部的正式批准，程序是要经过几次考试，通过考试之后，外国医生就能获得在美国的签证，至少是培训期的。作为美国医生要开业还需要另外的几

9、个程序。最重要的是保证所上医学类学校是经过验证的，而且由FAIMER登记在册。否则，还要重新到美国的医学院学习。本学年有一千一百多人外国公民申请留学美国的医学院，录取了四分之一。几乎所有的美国的医学院都要求申请者提供高等医学学校入学考试的成绩。未来的美国医生通常要在医科大学完成四年的学业，然后作为住院医生在有经验的医生的监督下治疗病人。住院医生实习期通常是3-7年，第一年叫实习医师期。外国学生可以买一本美国医学院协会出版的书，上面有有关每个学校极其相关信息的详细情况。 Exercises:从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。1. Which of the following best

10、 describe the process of practicing medicine in the United States? a. receive a visa to stay in the United States b. treat patients under the supervision of experienced doctors for 3 to 7 years. c. pass several tests d. spend four years of medical school e. attend a recognized medical school. A. aed

11、bc B. eacbd C. caedb D. abcde 2. The underlined word “resident”(paragraph8) roughly means _. A. a doctor working at a hospital where he is being trainedB. A diplomatic official residing in a foreign seat of government.C. A nonmigratory bird or other animal.D. Someone who lives or stay in a place suc

12、h as a house or hotel3. According to the text we know about _ foreign citizens were allowed to enter recognized medical schools last autumn.A. 200 B. 250 C. 255 D. 2754. It can be inferred from the passage that _. A. all the medical schools in America have been admitted by Educational Commission for

13、 Foreign Medical Graduates.B. a recognized medical school has to be listed in the FAIMER International Medical Education Directory（目录）C. there are some of medical schools in America which havent been approved by Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates.D. all the medical schools in Ameri

14、ca should be admitted by the Association of American Medical Colleges5. The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is _.A. The Process of Being a DoctorB. How to be Admitted into a Recognized Medical SchoolC. How a Foreign Doctor can Become an American DoctorD. How to Pass the Medical Col

15、lege Admission Test.Keys and Explanations:1-5 CADBC1. 选C。细节理解题。根据第二段和第八段可以看出C正确。2. 选A。根据第一段对residency的解释“A residency is a period of hospital training for medical school graduates.”可以知道residency的意思是“住院医生实习期”，根据该段的as residents, they treat patients 知道指人，因此知道意思是“医生，在住院期间服务的医师”。3. 选D。根据第六段的后面两句知道有1100多人申

16、请，1/4被录取，11001/4=275。4. 选B。根据第四段的首句But the first thing that foreign-trained doctors have to do is make sure they attended a recognized medical school.“确保上的是被认可的医学院”，言下之意还有的医学院没有被认可，因此C正确。A错误，没有被认可的医学院是不会被收录在其中的。C在文中第四段的第二句可以直接找到，不需要推断，不符合题意，要排除。American Medical Colleges不是对医学院的认可机构。5. 选C。主旨大意题。本文介绍外国

17、公民如何成为美国医生，在第一段的首句就已经交代，后面给读者提供具体的方法和注意事项。30. Modern Farm Life美国的现代农场生活People in America live in many different kinds of geographical areas. Their way of life in natural areas is different from their way of life in the city. In ancient times most people lived in rural areas. These people lived on fa

18、rms and in small agricultural communities. As more and more people came to America and the population grew, the cities grew. Today the majority of people live in urban communities. However, some people still live on farms and in small rural agricultural communities.Life on the modern farm in America

19、 has changed over the last fifty years. Electricity is the cause for many changes in life on the farm. Also, the fact that many jobs on the farm that were formerly done by hand are now done by modern machines. This introduction pf mechanical equipment helps the modern farmers to farm greater areas a

20、nd harvest larger crops than even before.Some jobs on the farm have changed little over the years. Much farm work still consists of raising crops in large fields. Some of the grains raised in the United States are wheat, corn, oats and beans. Cotton, tobacco, peanuts and other crops are also grown i

21、n vast fields.Another important area of farm work is raising animals. Beef cattle, pigs, and chicken are raised all over the country. Herds of milk cows are found throughout rural American also.Daily life on the farm starts early in the morning. Before dawn the farmer can be found milking crows and

22、feeding the animals. After the morning chores are over and evening milking and feeding must be done again before the farmer ends the day.Farm life has changed greatly in modern times. The farmer has become a businessman, a mechanic, and one who is knowledgeable in many different sciences. Yet farm l

23、ife is still made up of the care of animals and the planting and harvesting of crops. The modern farmer must work hard and plan carefully to be sure that the animals are in good health, and the product of the farm is maintained. (345 words)Helper:agricultural grikltrl农业的 urban:bn城市的 ruralrr()l乡下的oat

24、sut燕麦 maintain维持，继续 knowledgeablenlidbl知识渊博的 Brief Introduction:美国人生活在不同的地理区域，在早些时候大部分生活在乡下，他们生活在农场或者是小的农业社区。现在大多数人生活在城市社区，然而有些人仍然住在农场和小的乡下农业社区。在过去的50年里，美国的现代农场已经发生了变化，电的使用是许多变化的主要原因，以前由手工做的许多工作现在也由机器来完成了。机器设备的引进有助于现代农民耕作更大面积的土地和收获更多的庄稼。有的农场工作在过去的这些年里变化不大，大部分的农场的工作还是种植小麦、玉米、燕麦、大豆、烟草、花生等。饲养动物是农场的另一项重

25、要的工作，肉牛、猪、鸡在全国的农场都有，在乡下还会看到一群群的奶牛。农场的劳动从是早到晚，现代农场的生活方式变化很大，农民已经成了商人、技工，有的在许多的不同的学科都表现的有知识。但是现代的农民一定要努力工作，认真种植，以确保动物的长得壮，农场的产品能够继续下去。 Exercises:从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。1. People in rural area _ those in big cities. A. have a better life than B. live as happily as C. live differently from D. live in th

26、e same way as2. In ancient times most people lived _. A. on farms B. in small agricultural communities C. in big cities D. A and B3. Life on modern American farms has changed over the last fifties years because _. A. the population grows rapidly B. electricity is widely used C. more and more cities

27、have been built D. many things are done by hand4. There are _ in modern times. A. fewer people in rural areas than in cities B. more people in rural areas than in cities C. as many people in rural areas as in cities D. not so many people in cities as in rural areas5. Another important area of farm w

28、ork is _. A. planting flowers B. selling grains C. raising animals D. doing research workKeys and Explanations:1-5 CDBAC1. 选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句Their way of life in natural areas is different from their way of life in the city.。2. 选D。细节理解题。根据第一段的四句These people lived on farms and in small agricultural c

29、ommunities.3. 选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Electricity is the cause for many changes in life on the farm.4. 选A。细节理解题。根据第一段的倒数第而句Today the majority of people live in urban communities.。5. 选C。根据第四段的首句Another important area of farm work is raising animals.。31. Australian Daily Life 澳大利亚人的日常生活Australians are genera

30、lly very friendly. They greet people by shaking hands, introducing themselves and presenting a business card. They greet friends with a casual Hi orGday(Good day) and a warm handshake. Close female friends hug and kiss lightly on the right cheek. More formal greetings involve a simple Hello, how are

31、 you” Most people prefer to use first names, even with those they have just met. From a distance, a wave is acceptable, and for greeting passers-by Australians may nod their head instead of saying Gday or Hello. Australians have a passion for sport, and outdoor activities are an important part of Au

32、stralian life. As in many other countries, people watch a lot of television, and cinemas are also popular. Australia has a thriving and internationally respected film industry. In cities such as Sydney and Melbourne, the arts are very well supported. Most Australians work 5 days a week and when they

33、 receive their wages every Friday, they will go for shopping or drinking at the pub. This is their time to relax. Australians believe in work to live, and not live to work. This explains the fact that their pace of life is lower than that in some big cities, such as Tokyo and Hong Kong. Most of the

34、time they are able to maintain a balance between work and leisure. Most shops in Sydney are closed after 7 pm. (231 words)Helper:casual随便的 passion欲望 thriving raivi繁荣的 leisurele; li:空闲，休闲Brief Introduction:澳大利亚人一般都是非常友好的。他们通过握手、自我介绍以及赠送名片来问候对方。他们以更加随便的“Hi”或者“Gday”以及热情的握手来问候他们的朋友。亲密的女性朋友会相互拥抱并且轻吻对方的右脸

35、颊。更加正式的问候也不过是简单一句“Hello, how are you”。大多数人更喜欢用名称呼对方，甚至对刚见面的人也是如此。在远处通常以挥手问候对方，而问候擦肩而过的人则可能是以点头的方式而不是说“Hi”或者“Gday”。澳大利亚人对运动充满热情，户外活动对他们来说是非常重要的。像很多其他国家一样，人们也看很多的电视，电影也很受欢迎。澳大利亚繁荣的电影事业受到世界尊重。在像悉尼、墨尔本这样的城市里，电影艺术得到了广泛的支持。大多数澳大利亚人一周工作五天，每周五拿到工资以后，他们就会去购物或者到酒吧喝酒。这是他们放松的时间。澳大利亚人相信“工作是为了生活，但生活并不是为了工作”。这就是为什

36、么和东京、香港等一些大城市相比他们的生活节奏相对较慢的原因。多数时候他们可以保持工作和休闲之间的平衡。大多悉尼的商店在晚上7点以后就关门了。 Exercises:从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。1. Australians generally greet people by all of the following except _ . A. kissing lightly on the right cheek B. shaking hands C. introducing themselves D. presenting a business card 2. Australia

37、ns greet friends by _. A. saying Hi or Gday B. shaking hands warmly C. waving or nodding D. both A and B 3. Apart from sports, other recreational activities mentioned include all of the following except_. A. television B. arts C. fashion show D. movies 4. Australians receive their wages every _. A.

38、day B. week C. month D. year 5. Australians believe in _. A. work to live B. live to work C. work to play D. live to play Keys and Explanations:1-5 ADCBA1. 选A。细节理解题。由第一段第二句话可知澳大利亚人通常以握手、自我介绍以及赠送名片来问候对方，故B、C、D项正确；由第一段第四句话可知亲密的女性朋友才会轻吻对方的右脸颊，故A项错误。2. 选D。细节理解题。由第一段第三句话可知澳大利亚人以随便的“Hi”或者“Gday”以及热情的握手来问候他们的朋友，故D项正确。3. 选C。细节理解题。由第二段第二句话可知电视、电影在澳大利亚也很受欢迎；第二段最后一句提到了艺术；C项文中没有提到。4. 选B。细节理解题。由第三段首句可知澳大利亚人每周五领取工资，故B项正确。选A。细节理解题。由第三段第三句话可知澳大利亚人相信“为了生活而工作，而不是为了工作而生活”，故A项正确。