人教版初二（下）英语：unit 7语法篇（教师版）.docx

1、Unit 7 语法篇_学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。形容词、副词用法1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er, est构成比较级和最高级。(a)直接加er, est ：(b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er, est：(c) 以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er, est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better

2、更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)(一)原级的用法1、只能修饰原级的词 very, quite, pretty, really, too, so, enough 如：I a

3、m pretty _(healthy). English is so _(difficult).2、感叹句中用原级。如 What an _(interesting) book!3、as+形容词/副词原级+as（与一样） 4、not as/so +形容词/副词原级+as（A不如B） 如：He is as tall as me.=He is the same _ as me. 他与我一样高。 He is as old as me.= He is the same _ as me. 他与我一样大。 He isnt as/so old as me . 他没我大。5、 less+形容词/副词的原级+ t

4、han (A 不如B) 可以与 not as/so +形容词/副词原级+as互换。He isnt as old as I.= He is _ _than me. =He is _ than me. =Im _ than he /him. He doesnt run as fast as I.= He runs _ _ than me. = He runs _ _ than me. = I run _ than him. 他跑得没我快。 Chinese isnt as difficult as English. =English is _ _ than Chinese. 语文没有英语难。（二）比

5、较级的用法1、than 两者（人/物）进行比较时用比较级，表示“一个比另一个更”或“较”。句式为：A+ 谓语动词+比较级+than+B。如果上下文明确，比较级也可单独使用。 He is _(tall) than his father . 他比他父亲高。 This shirt is too small. Do you have a _(big) one?这件衬衣太小了。你有大一些的吗？2、or 句式：特殊疑问句，A or B？如：Who is _(young), Lucy or Lily? 露西和莉莉，谁更小一些？3、修饰比较级的词：a lot, much, far 得多 a little, a

6、 bit一点儿 even 甚至 still 仍然如：Im a little _(tall) than him. 我比他高一点。 That must be a lot _(interesting) than taking a bus.4、of the two 比较级前要加the 用the + 比较级+ of the two (the twins/parents) 特指两者中较（高/矮）的一个。 Tina is _(tall) of the twins. Mike is _(smart) of the two boys.5、比较级+and+比较级 表示“越来越” 单音节词： better and

7、better 越来越好 多音节词： more and more beautiful He is getting _ and _(tall).他变得越来越高了。 The film is _ and _(interesting).这部电影越来越有趣了。6、 the +比较级，the+ 比较级 表示“越，越”如 The more, the better.越多越好。The _(careful)you are, the _(few) mistakes you make.7、any (范围外)/ any other(范围内)Shanghai is bigger than _ city in China.上

8、海比中国的任何一个城市都要大。Shanghai is bigger than _ city in Japanese.上海比日本的任何一个城市都要大。8、两者相比比较的对象要一致。 He has longer hair than I (do).= His hair is longer than mine. There are more students in our class than in their class. My watch is _(expensive)than _(you).我的手表比你的贵。 I have _(few) story books than _(you).我的故事书

9、比你的少。9、not any more=no more不再(次数的不再重复) not any longer=no longer不再（时间的不再延长） （三）最高级的用法1. of /in 三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级，形容词的最高级前面要加the，后面用of/in. of + 同类人/物 in+ 表地点的范围，副词的最高级前面可用the，也可省略。 Tom is the tallest (boy) in his class. 汤姆是他班上最高的男生。 Tom is the tallest (boy) of all the boys (in his class).2. or whi

10、ch/who 引导的选择疑问句有三者相比，也可用最高级。 Which is _(big),the sun, the earth or the moon?太阳、地球、月亮，哪个最大？ Who is_(tall), Tom, Mike or John?3. one of the longest rivers 最长的河流之一 句式：one of +the + 形容词的最高级+名词复数，表示“中最之一” 如：Xian is one of the oldest cities in China. 西安是中国最古老的城市之一。4. the second longest river 第二长的河 句式： the

11、 + 序数词+ 形容词的最高级+名词，表示“第几的”如：The Yellow River is the second _(long) river in China.5. 当形容词的最高级前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或指示代词时，不用定冠词the.如：This is my best book of all.这是我所有书中最好的一本。（四）级别的转换1. 原级与比较级的转换 This room is five times as big as that one.=This room is four times bigger than that one. English isnt so easy

12、as math. = English is _ _ than math. =English is _ than math.=English is _ _ than math. =Math is _ than English.2.比较级与最高级的转换句式：比较级+than+any other +单数名词 比较级+than+the other +复数名词 比较级+than+the othersNobody else +比较级+ than Peter is the tallest student in our class. =Peter is taller than _ _ _ in our cla

13、ss. =Peter is taller than _ _ _ in our class. =Peter is taller than _ _ in our class. =_ _ is taller than Peter in our class.一、下列哪些形容词和副词的最高级需要在前面加most, 请圈出。long wide fat heavy slowly beautiful brightly usefulquickly happy解析：形容词：beautiful， useful （多音节和部分双音节的形容词，可不是在末尾变化，而是在前面加most）副词：slowly，quickly，

14、brightly（以ly结尾的副词，可不是在末尾变化，而是在前面加most）二、用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级填空。1. Which is _ (big), the sun, the moon or the earth?2. Which is _ (beautiful), the black coat or the blue one?3. This cake is_ (cheap) of all.4. He does his homework _(carefully) than his sister.5. Tom runs _ (quickly) in his class6. Now his

15、life is becoming _ and _ (difficult).7. Things are getting _ and _ (bad).1. 此题为太阳，月亮和地球三者的比较，所以为最高级biggest。2. 此题为黑色上衣和蓝色上衣两者的比较，所以为比较级more beautiful。3. 此题比较范围为of all, 所以为最高级the cheapest。4. 此题有than，为两者之间的比较，所以为比较级more carefully。5. 此题比较的范围为than，所以为副词的比较级more quickly。6. 此题为越来越困难，所以为形容词的比较级 more and mor

16、e difficult。7. 此题为越来越糟糕，所以为形容词的比较级worse and worse。基础演练一、单项选择 1. China has a much population than . A. larger; RussiaB. more; Russia C. larger; that of RussiaD. more; that of Russia 2. - Is English more important than Maths?- No, I dont think so. English is Maths. A. much important thanB. more import

17、ant as C. as important asD. as more important as 3. - I eat vegetables and meat than I did last year.- Thats why youre getting fatter. A. fewer; moreB. more; lessC. least; moreD. many; much 4. When autumn comes, the days get . A. long and longB. longer and longer C. short and shortD. shorter and sho

18、rter 5. Mr. Li asks us to remember that careful we are, mistakes we will make. A. the more; the fewerB. the fewer; the more C. the more; the moreD. the less; the fewer 6. Of all the animals, I think dogs are . A. the most friendlyB. most friendly C. more friendlyD. friendly 7. My sister is than I. A

19、. three kilos heavierB. three kilos heavy C. heavier three kilosD. heavy three kilos 8. The bridge is . It will take ten minutes to it. A. 118 metres long; go pastB. 118 metres long; go across C. 118-metre-long; acrossD. 118 metres long; go through 9. Our school is than theirs but theirs is much mor

20、e beautiful than ours. A. three times bigB. the third times bigger C. the third times bigD. three times bigger10. - All of us are proud of the progress hes made during the past few years.- Yes, were sure he will be even . A. successfulB. more successful C. most successfulD. successfully答案一、单项选择 1. A

21、 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. D10. B巩固提高二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子) 11. 这只大象比这只熊猫重很多倍。This elephant weighs than this panda.12. 足球是我校最受欢迎的运动项目之一。Football is games in our school.13. 我的房子是他的房子的三倍大。My house is big his.14. 但是谁能弹钢琴弹得最好或唱歌唱得最美呢？But who can play the piano or sing beautifully?15. 我认为数学比英语难得多。I

22、 think math is than English.16. Tom is taller than Jim. (改为同义句)Jim is than Tom.17. Susan is five years old and Linda is five years old, too. (改为同义句)Susan is Linda.18. Mike is the tallest boy in the class. (改为同义句)No boy is Mike in the class.19. Shanghai is the biggest city in China. (改为同义句)Shanghai i

23、s bigger than city in China.20. Jane is the youngest in her class. (改为同义句)Jane is younger than in her class.二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)11. many times more12. one of the most popular13. three times as; as14. the best, the most15. much more difficult16. less tall17. as old as18. as tall as19. any other20. anyone

24、 else一、适当形式填空(单句适当形式) 1. My brother is two years (old) than me. 2. Is your sister (young) than you? 3. Whose pencil box is (big), yours or hers? 4. Ben jumps (high) than some of the boys in his class. 5. Does Nancy sing (well) than Helen?二、单项选择 6. Today he is than yesterday. A. very betterB. a littl

25、e better C. wellD. best 7. The white horse is so . A. strongB. stronger C. a little strongerD. strongest 8. Cathy did quite in the English test. I did even . A. better; wellB. well; well C. well; betterD. better; better 9. Of the two Australian students, Mary is one. I think you can find her easily.

26、 A. tallestB. the tallerC. tallerD. the tallest10. The the better. Im short of money. A. cheapB. cheaper C. expensiveD. more expensive11. He feels today than yesterday. A. more tiredB. tiredC. more tirederD. much tired12. Of the two toys, the child chose . A. the more expensive oneB. one most expens

27、ive C. a least expensiveD. the most expensive of them13. The line is than that one. A. more longerB. not long C. much longerD. many more longer14. Shanghai is bigger than city in Japan. A. anyB. any otherC. otherD. the other15. Who did it better, Bill or Henry? I think Bill did just Henry. A. as wel

28、l asB. as good as C. as better asD. more badly than三、完形填空 The elephants are the largest animals on the land. They are in 16 now. Lots of people are destroying(破坏) the place where they 17 . Most of the places where they live have become farms and houses, they cant get enough places to live in 18 enou

29、gh food to eat. Sometimes there are 19 elephants in an area and the government kills them. The elephants have long tusks (长牙). Their tusks are worth(值) a lot of money. People are killing them 20 tusks. People can use the tusks for piano keys and 21 beautiful things. So there are 22 elephants in the

30、world. People in Canada can make a difference. They can go to the place where elephants live and stop people from killing the elephants. When people find out the products(产品) made from elephants tusks they might stop 23 the products. Then people might stop killing elephants. Its our duty 24 the elep

31、hants. We have to really stop killing elephants, too. There are 25 than 3,000 African elephants and 2,000 Asian elephants in the world.16.A. dangerB. excitementC. safeD. interest17.A. eatB. liveC. restD. birth18.A. butB. soC. inD. and19.A. too muchB. a littleC. too manyD. much more20.A. withB. forC.

32、 toD. at21.A. otherB. othersC. the otherD. another22.A. less and lessB. more and more C. fewer and fewerD. little and little23.A. makingB. takingC. givingD. buying24.A. to keepB. to teachC. to useD. to protect25.A. moreB. lessC. fewerD. much答案一、适当形式填空(单句适当形式) 1. older 2. younger 3. bigger 4. higher

33、5. better二、单项选择 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B10. B11. A12. A13. C14. A15. A三、完形填空16. A17. B18. D19. C20. B21. A22. C23. D24. D25. C_阅读理解(东城区南片初二下期末考试题)A Tom has received four messages today. Read and find what they are.Hi Tom, Ive just finished a really fantastic book by British writer called Phillip Puliman.

34、 I think you would like the book. Do you want to borrow it? Ill be at Room 314 tomorrow afternoon. Marcos Tom, Can you phone your mum? She phoned at 7:30 p.m. She says you neednt call back at once, but shed like to hear from you. Dont phone after 10 p.m. Shes got headache, so shes going to bed early

35、.Hans Hello Tom, I am home again after my holiday. The weather wasnt great in France, but that wasnt the problem. I broke my leg on the second day of the holiday. I had to stay at the hotel while others were out all day. I was really bored. When can you come round and see me?David Tom, Im going to b

36、e late. Dont wait for me at the bar. Ill go straight to the restaurant and see you there.Jess 1. Marcos leaves the message to . A. share a book with TomB. get Toms phone call soon C. tell Tom his story in FranceD. ask Tom to look after his mum2. Where is Jess going to meet Tom? A. At the bar.B. At t

37、he restaurant. C. At his home.D. At Room 314.3. Who wants to see Tom soon? A. Marcos.B. His mother.C. David.D. Hans.B Michaels birthday was coming soon, so he asked his dad for a bicycle so that he would not need to walk to school anymore. However, Michaels dad had lost his job and did not have much

38、 money. Michael got a book instead. One bright and sunny day while Michael was walking past a store on his way to school, he saw a big boy on a bike. The bike was too small for the boy. As the boy was turning around a corner, the bike skidded(侧滑) on a small pool of water and he fell off the bike. Th

39、e boy was also in Michaels school. The boys name was William. William seemed to have broken his leg. Michael picked up Williams bike and rode to the nearby hospital to get help. A few minutes later, an ambulance came and brought William to the hospital. Michael rode Williams bike to school so he wou

40、ld not be late for class. After school, Michael quickly rode the bicycle to Williams house with a book and a magazine. William was not too seriously hurt. He went home after his leg was put in a cast(石膏). To Michaels surprise, William was getting a new bike on his birthday in two months time and Mic

41、hael could have Williams old bike. Michael was very happy. From then on, Michael and William became good friends. Michael visited William every day till Williams leg got well again.4. What did Michael get on his birthday? A. A bike.B. A magazine.C. A book.D. A friend.5. Which of the following is tru

42、e? A. William hit Michael on his way to school. B. William gave his old bicycle to Michael. C. Michael broke his leg in the accident. D. Michael was late for school.6. From the story, we know that Michael is . A. braveB. activeC. hard-workingD. warm-heartedCMonkeys That Lend a Hand Have you ever dro

43、pped something while both your hands were full and wished you had another hand to pick it up? Some people cannot use their arms or hands to do simple jobs because they have been hurt or are sick. Usually they depend on other people to help them. This problem made two women think about how they could

44、 help people who cannot do everyday things for themselves. In 1979 Dr. M. J. Willard and Judi Zazula began looking at some small, friendly monkeys called capuchin monkeys. These monkeys have hands like peoples hands, and they like to be around people. Could the monkeys be trained to do things that p

45、eople could not do for themselves? The women wanted to find out if their idea would work. So they spent a long time training some capuchin monkeys, and they found that these animals made great helpers. Today the first step in training a young capuchin monkey is to have it stay home with people and w

46、atch how they live. The monkeys learn how to behave around people. Then the monkeys go to a special school in Boston. There they learn how to do many easy chores. They are taught how to carry food and pick up dropped objects. They learn how to open doors and turn light switches on and off. They even

47、 learn how to use CD players and VCRs. After a monkey finishes its training, it goes to live with a person who needs help. If the person wants a light turned on, the monkey does it. If the person needs a glass of water, the monkey brings it. If the person wants to watch TV, the monkey turns it on. T

48、he monkey becomes a very important part of that persons life. In fact, the monkey often becomes the persons good friend.7. Capuchin monkeys are peoples great helpers because . A. they learn more quickly than other monkeys B. they have hands like peoples hands C. they like to watch how people live D.

49、 they are small, cute and naughty8. The underlined word behave means to . A. learn skillsB. act wellC. avoid hurtsD. provide help9. What is the passage mainly about? A. How capuchin monkeys can help people do things. B. Why capuchin monkeys hands are like peoples hands. C. Where scientists train cap

50、uchin monkeys to help people. D. When people found capuchin monkeys were helpful.D Hershey chocolate has become famous around the world. But did you know that the Hersheychocolate factory is only about one hundred years old? And did you know that the founder(创办人) of Hershey Chocolate, Milton Hershey

51、, had many failures(失败) in business before he started his famous company? Milton Hershey grew up in a farm country of Pennsylvania. Before he started making chocolate, Milton Hershey was a printer. He worked for a small newspaper and then he decided to change a job. Later he got a job at a candy fac

52、tory. After working a few years at the factory, he decided to open his own little candy business. His first business had to close down because it was not making money. After that, he traveled to Denver, Colorado, to learn how to make caramels(焦糖). He took his new skills back to New York and worked s

53、elling candies on the street. But this second business also failed. Finally, Milton Hershey moved back to the farm country where he grew up. He then experimented(试验) with all sorts of different candies and chocolates. The area where he lived had lots of dairy farms, so he could get plenty of fresh m

54、ilk easily. And he could get other supplies(原料), such as sugar, from nearby Philadelphia. By 1893 he was selling a million dollars worth of caramel candy every year. Since his chocolate-flavored(巧克力风味) caramel was the best-selling, he decided to make chocolate himself. By experimenting, Milton Hersh

55、ey learned how to make delicious chocolate by using fresh, sweet milk. His milk chocolates were so popular that he sold his caramel factory and made chocolate only. In 1903, Milton Hershey built a huge chocolate factory and the town of Hershey. Today, the town of Hershey is still the home of the fac

56、tory that Milton Hershey built. And if you ever visit, you can smell the delicious chocolate smells just by driving through the town.10. Why did Milton Hershey travel to Denver, Colorado? A. To work as a printer. B. To open a caramel factory. C. To sell candy on the street. D. To learn how to make c

57、aramels.11. Which of the following is true according to the story? A. Miltons first job was selling newspaper. B. In 1893, chocolate was the best-selling of Miltons factory. C. Milton found his own way to make delicious chocolate. D. Milton sold his caramel factory because it was not making money.12

58、. What is the important lesson of this story? A. Living where you grew up offers successful business. B. Trying several different jobs helps find out your interest. C. Building your own company is the fastest way to succeed. D. Sometimes you have to experience failure to become successful.ABCCB DBBAD CD