2022届高考英语人教版一轮学案：必修1 UNIT 4 EARTHQUAKES WORD版含答案.doc

1、Unit 4 Earthquakes一、背单词与词块(一)背阅读单词会认就行 (背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)1earthquake n地震2crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声vt.& vi. (使)开裂；破裂3smelly adj. 发臭的；有臭味的4farmyard n. 农场；农家5canal n. 运河；水道6steam n. 蒸汽；水汽7dirt n. 污垢；泥土8extreme adj. 极度的9survivor n. 幸存者；生还者；残存物10dam n. 水坝；堰堤11track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹12shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处13outline

2、n. 要点；大纲；轮廓14headline n. 报刊的大字标题15cyclist n. 骑自行车的人 (二)背重点单词写对才行1burst vi. 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发2event n. 事件；大事3ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产4suffering n. 苦难；痛苦5destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭6useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的7rescue n& vt. 援救；营救8trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境9electricity n. 电；电流；电学10disaster n. 灾难；灾祸11bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏12

3、title n. 标题；头衔；资格13reporter n. 记者14damage n& vt. 损失；损害15judge n. 裁判员；法官vt. 断定；判断；判决 (三)背拓展单词用准才行1nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的nationality n国籍2shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的3injure vt.损害；伤害injury n伤害；损害injured adj.受伤的4express vt.表示；表达 n快车；速递expression n

4、表达；表情5frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的6congratulate vt.祝贺congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词7sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地 语境活用1We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)2Britain is a developed nation and its national flower is rose. S

5、ome people dream of having British nationality.(nation)3After seeing the frightening film, the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.(frighten)4Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby, and fortunately the injury was not serious, not life threatening. (inj

6、ure)5The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)6We sincerely look forward to your sincere cooperation and common development.(sincere) (四)背高频单词先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行1burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发

7、背词条用法(1)burst in/into 突然闯进；破门而入 突然哭起来/笑起来burst with anger 勃然大怒背写作佳句He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry. 他没有敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。Hearing the bad news that their only son died in the earthquake, the couple burst into tears/burst out crying. 听到他们唯一的儿子在地震中死亡的坏消息，这对夫妇突

8、然哭起来。2ruin nU毁灭；毁坏；常用复数废墟；遗迹 vt. 毁灭；使破产背词条用法(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟fall into ruin 毁灭；毁坏bring .to ruin 使毁灭；使没落； 使破产(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途背写作佳句The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night. 地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。Drunk dri

9、ving not only ruined himself but also killed several passersby. 醉酒驾驶不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几名过路人死亡。3bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；隐藏；使专心；使沉浸背词条用法 埋头于；专心于(2)bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面背写作佳句Ever since she moved here, she has buried herself/has been buried in her research work. 自从她搬到这里以来，她一直埋头于她的研究工作。Buried in his study, he

10、 wasnt aware that all the others had left. 他专心学习，没有意识到其他人都已离开了。She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news. 当她听到那个坏消息时，她双手掩面而泣。4judge n裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决背词条用法(1)judge .from/by . 从判断udge between right and wrong 判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from 从上看；根据判断背写作佳

11、句Judging from/by their speeches, Confucius Institutes have an increasing impact on the local people. 从他们的言谈中可以判断，孔子学院对当地人的影响日益加大。(2020全国卷书面表达)As far as I can judge, the farm picking activity was very meaningful. 我认为，这次农场采摘活动非常有意义。5congratulation n祝贺；(pl.)贺词背词条用法(1)congratulations (to sb.) on sth. 就(

12、向某人)祝贺(2)congratulate sb.on/upon sth. 为某事向某人祝贺背写作佳句I want to express my sincere congratulations to you on your success. 对你的成功，我想向你表达真诚的祝贺。I congratulated you on/upon your passing the College Entrance Examination. 我祝贺你通过了高考。 (五)背短语词块表达出彩，需多积词块才行单元短语再认再现1right away立刻；马上2think little/nothing of 认为没什么3a

13、t an end 结束；终结4in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪5dig out 掘出；发现6a (great) number of 许多；大量的7be proud of 以而自豪8judging from 从判断9be trapped in 陷入10be buried in 埋头于11as if 仿佛；好像重点短语拓展用活1at an end结束；终结背相关短语(1)at the end of 在结束时；在的末端by the end of 到结束时；到时候为止(常与完成时态连用) in the end 最后；终于 使结束come to an end 完成；结束(3)end up with

14、以结束end up doing 以而告终；以做结束背写作佳句The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room. 当我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。The meeting came to an end and he set down many key points. 会议结束了，他记录了很多要点。At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing. 最初他拒不承认有任何责任，但最后还是道歉了。2a (great) nu

15、mber of许多；大量的背相关短语可数名词复数复数谓语(2)the number of可数名词复数单数谓语表示“的数目”不可数名词背写作佳句Now a great number of college graduates are seeking to get a highpaid job. But the number of posts available for them is often not enough. 如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。A great deal of money was donated to a university b

16、y an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention. 一位普通的工人向一所大学捐赠了大量的金钱，这引起了公众的关注。二、背佳句与佳作(一)背写作佳句多“输入”才能巧“输出”教材内句式举一反三1It seemed as if the world was at an end！(as if 引导表语从句或方式状语从句)仿佛到了世界末日！佳句A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the

17、world. 一对年轻的夫妇坐在船里，一边吃东西一边大声地谈笑，好像他们是世上唯一的人。佳句Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if it had just happened. 童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海，仿佛刚刚发生似的。2Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. (leave宾语宾补 “使处于某状态”)成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。佳句She ran away and left her boyfri

18、end waiting in the rain alone. 她跑开了，让她的男朋友独自在雨中等着。佳句Do remember to leave the door closed before you leave the classroom. 你离开教室前一定记着要把门关上。3All hope was not lost. (all .notnot all . 表示部分否定)不是所有的希望都破灭了。佳句 The proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way.” reminded me that all the paths to success wer

19、e not always smooth. “有志者，事竟成”这句谚语提醒我：通往成功的道路并不都是一帆风顺。佳句All who enjoy sporting events dont like to participate in them. 喜欢体育运动的人并不都喜欢参加体育运动。同主题佳句熟读成诵1The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.这个国家已经为灾区无家可归的人们提供了食品和衣物。2Sometimes a smile is so powe

20、rful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.有时候，微笑会如此强大，以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。3Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns.全球变暖正对世界各地成百上千的动植物物种产生巨大的影响，改变了一些物种的生活方式。 (二)背满分作文好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”本辑学点告知信(二)题目

21、要求 (2020浙江7月高考)假定你是李华，你校来自爱尔兰的外教Peter因病回国休假。请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1询问近况；2.分享班级最新消息；3.表达祝愿。注意：1.词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 背范文Dear Peter，Were very sorry to hear that you were ill and went back to Ireland several days ago. Have you been getting much better now? We all miss you very much and hope you will recov

22、er soon.There is good news for you. As expected, we won first place in our school art festival. The drama you directed got a big hand. It was highly spoken of by judges because of its perfect plots as well as our wonderful performance. We owed our success to your kind and patient guidance. It was yo

23、u who should walk onto the stage and receive the prize.Wish you recover soon and look forward to seeing you again.Yours，Li Hua学亮点1学亮丽开头开头使用Were very sorry to hear that .很自然地引出老师生病这一背景，接下来用一个疑问句和一个陈述句表达了对老师的关心、想念和祝福。其中，现在完成进行时have been doing结构运用得非常准确。2学高级表达(1)熟练使用省略结构As expected；省略关系词的定语从句you directe

24、d；强调句结构It was you who .，充分表明了对老师的感激之情。(2)还使用了其他高级表达，如高级短语get a big hand, be highly spoken of, as well as, owe .to .等，体现了考生娴熟的语言表达技巧和能力。3学精彩结尾在文章的结尾，考生用wish开头的祈使句结尾，呼应第一段，再次祝愿老师早日康复，感情真挚，符合写作背景。4防微点失分考生容易在“There is good news for you.”中的good前加上多余的a而导致语法错误，或把“look forward to seeing you again.”中的seeing错

25、用成see，从而导致失分。学案(一)重点单词的查漏补缺打牢必备知识 全面练练清易错微点.单词拼写1The report presents a faithful account for the event (事件)2It is useless (无用的) discussing the matter with him. He wont change his mind.3He stayed three days beneath the ruins before the rescue (救援) team found him.4The children were trapped (困住) in a de

26、ep hole and couldnt get out.5As we all know, a good reporter (记者) has a nose for news.6Unluckily, the factory was completely destroyed (毁坏) by the terrible fire.7“I sincerely (真诚地) hope we shall meet again，” he said.8They were shocked (震惊) by the news that ten people were killed in the accident.根据语境

27、写出加黑部分的汉语意思1(2020新高考全国卷)The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions.非常2(2019全国卷)Modern methods for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s.追踪3An article about the newspaper appeared on the website of the Guardian,

28、under the headline “NOT DEAD YET”大字标题4(熟词生义)These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. (2019江苏高考)爆裂5(熟词生义)The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer

29、 than the marathon. (2020全国卷)比赛项目6(熟词生义)It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. (2019北京高考)棒；条状物7(熟词生义)Before I had my son, I spent two years working with children with disabilities. I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would resul

30、t in a disaster.祸患.单句语法填空1.Neighbours were shocked (shock) that such an attack should happen in their area.2It is useless (use) trying to get a word from me. I will keep my word.3She found it was extremely (extreme) difficult to get a job.4The girl was almost frightened to death when she saw the fri

31、ghtening scene. (frighten)5.When we got on the spot of the accident, we were told that the injured had been sent to the nearest hospital.6Though she went through so much suffering (suffer), she did not give in.7Rescuers are trying to search for survivors (survive) of the earthquake.8Having been trap

32、ped (trap) in traffic, he was late for work.补全句子1她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。(trap)She had set a trap for him and he walked straight into it.2喝太多酒会损害健康。(damage)Drinking too much alcohol will cause damage to your health. 3但现在，由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了，所以我不能按计划和你一起去。我写信真诚地向你表达我的歉意。(injure, express, sincerely)But now, beca

33、use my left foot was injured in the football game，I cannot go with you as planned.Im writing to express my apology to you sincerely.4当一个心怀恶意的人攻击我们的时候，我们不会感到害怕，因为警察可以电击他，我们从而逃离危险。(frightened, shock)When a man with an evil intention attacks us, we wont feel frightened because the police can give him a

34、n electric shock and we can escape from danger.5.我们应该祝贺他们队赢得比赛。(congratulation)We should offer congratulations to their team on winning the match.名师点拨“一站清” (1)shocked adj.“感到震惊的”， 表示人的心理状态和心理感受； shocking adj.“令人震惊的”， 说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。(2)“the形容词”表示一类具有某种特征或特性的人时，通常表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。(3)congratulation作

35、“祝贺”讲时，注意用其复数形式。 重点练深化高频考点1burst 明其义vi.爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发 通其用(1)单句语法填空I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils burst in.My father burst into the kitchen, which made my mother very surprised.(2)一句多译看到她的同学因为她愚蠢的错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。When she saw her classmates burst into laughter b

36、ecause of her foolish mistakes, she burst into tears.(burst into)Seeing her classmates burst out laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst out crying.(分词作状语；burst out) 解其困(1)burst：过去式burst；过去分词burst。(2)burst into后常跟名词形式，burst out 后常跟动名词形式。2ruin 明其义nU毁灭；毁坏；常用复数废墟；遗迹 vt.毁灭；使破产 通其用(1)单句语法填空Gi

37、ving up learning means ruining yourself (you)With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins (ruin)(2)一句多译他犯了一个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。He made a mistake, which ruined his chance of going abroad.(定语从句)He made a mistake, ruining his chance of going abroad.(分词作状语) 解其困in r

38、uins是指某个东西处于废墟、被毁坏的状态。ruins 在这里是“废墟”，常用复数。3bury 明其义vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使专心；使沉浸 通其用(1)单句语法填空Though buried (bury) in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.He sank into a chair, burying (bury) his face in his hands.(2)一句多译他埋头看书，不知道外面在下雨。(bury)Because he buried h

39、imself in/was buried in his books, he didnt know it was raining outside.Burying himself in his books，he didnt know it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语)Buried in his books, he didnt know it was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语) 解其困表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：be devoted tobe lost inbe engaged in be absorbed infocus/conc

40、entrate on4judge 明其义n裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决 通其用(1)单句语法填空We can judge from the title that this is a horror film.Judging (judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people in the club yet.I respect his judgment (judge) and Ill follow any advice he gives me.(2)补全句子Judging from/by the ab

41、ove story, we can draw the conclusion that we cant judge a book by/from its cover.从上面的故事判断，我们可以得出这样的结论：我们不能以貌取人。 解其困judging from/by表示“从来看；根据来判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。学案(二)词块、句式的活学活用强化关键能力 词块的验收盘点.词块点点练选词填空a number of， judging from， dig out， think little of， at an end， be trapped in， be buried i

42、n， in ruins 1My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.2I was trapped in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.3When I came in, he was buried in playing computer games in his study.4.The guy is always making phone calls to her, but she thinks little of him.5The strong earth

43、quake left the city in ruins merely in several seconds.6Having consulted a number of books about the subject in the library, he went into the hall, ready to give the audience a wonderful speech.7Judging from his happy look on the face, he must have passed the exam this time.8.As the farmer ploughed

44、the field, he dug out a pot of jewelry.名师点拨“一站清”(1)think little of“不重视；对评价不高”，其被动形式为little thought of。(2)dig的现在分词：digging；过去式：dug；过去分词：dug。.易错对对碰辨析比较1burst in VS burst into比较Suddenly the door opened, a group of children burst into the room. Suddenly the door opened, a group of children burst in.辨清bu

45、rst into和burst in意为“闯入；突然破门而入”，短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into后接宾语。2a number of VS the number of比较A number of people were killed in the earthquake. We dont know exactly the number of them. As you can see, the number of cars on the roads keeps rising these days.辨清(1)a number of只修饰可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词

46、用复数形式。(2)the number of意为“的数目”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 句式的验收盘点 (一)as if引导表语从句或方式状语从句 通其用1补全句子Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to move.快点！看起来火车要开了。It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?是约翰打破窗户的。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？The kids are very friendly with her and

47、even look up to her as if she were their own mother.孩子们对她很友好，甚至把她当亲生母亲一样尊敬她。2句型转换The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.(状语从句的省略)The old man was lying on the ground as if badly hurt. 解其困as ifas though“似乎；好像；仿佛”，在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。(1)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，从句要用陈述语气。(2)当说话人所陈述的是

48、不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。对现在的虚拟，用一般过去时(be动词用were)；对过去的虚拟，用had done；对将来的虚拟，用would/could/might动词原形。(3)as though/if引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。 (二)部分否定 通其用1补全句子The truth is that not everyone is attaching great importance to time management.事实是并不是每个人都把时间安排看得重要。I agree with most of what

49、 you said, but I dont agree with everything.我同意你说的大部分内容，但是我并非同意一切。2句型转换Its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them arent fit for the jobs.Its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for the jobs. 解其困(1)英语中的all, both, every, ev

50、erybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词、副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“不是都；并非都”。(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere 等表达否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。学案(三)高考语篇的价值发掘提升学科素养2016江苏高考阅读理解C篇对接课标主题：自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护精读真题拓展语言能力(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩

51、其用法) 1El Nino， a Spanish term for “the Christ child，” was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western

52、Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.2The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful， on balance, than they lose. Nino in 199798 helped Americas economy grow by $15 billi

53、on, partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.3But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multiyear drought (干旱) in southeast Brazil is beco

54、ming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nin may(2) relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.4The most recent powerful Nino， in 199798, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos c

55、ome with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding a

56、fterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.5Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stoma

57、ch. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors, civil conflict is related to El Nino s harmful effects and country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping

58、 divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino， reducing their losses needs to be the priority.,微积累高频词汇namev

59、命名；给取名n名字，名称；名声；名誉name after . 以命名name by . 由命名a big name 大人物构词法名词去ealadj.agricultureagriculturalcultureculturalnaturenaturaluniverseuniversalglobeglobal微语法句子(2)中为句型：sb./sth. be likely to do .it is likely that意为“可能”。微语法句子(3)中为句型：the比较级 ., the比较级 .，意为“越，(就)越”。通多义make up弥补；补偿；组成；编造；化妆 理脉络内化读文规律解析真题感悟素

60、养立意 考什么怎么考真题再做61What can we learn about El Nin in Paragraph 1?AIt is named after a South American fisherman.BIt takes place almost every year all over the world.CIt forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.DIt sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知

61、，厄尔尼诺现象发生时会有洋流的变化，故选D项。62What may El Nins bring about to the countries affected?AAgricultural harvests in rich countries fall.BDroughts become more harmful than floods.CRich countries gains are greater than their losses.DPoor countries suffer less from droughts economically.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Rich

62、countries gain more from powerful Nins, on balance，than they lose.”可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺现象收获的比失去的多。故选C项。63The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that .Amore investment should go to risk reductionBgovernments of poor countries need more aidCvictims of El Nin deserve more compensationDrecovery and rec

63、onstruction should come first解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段ODI提供的数据可知，在过去的20年中仅有12%的救灾资金投入到提前预防方面，显然投入比例较小；再根据第四段最后一句可知，第四段旨在说明应该投入更多的资金来降低风险，故选A项。64What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?解析：选D写作意图题。文章从第四段ODI的数据分析和第五段如何防止厄尔尼诺带来次生灾害这两个方面，督促人们为厄尔尼诺现象做好准备。C项偏离主题。厄尔尼诺本身是一种自然现象，人们可以研究如何利用它，而不是去违背它，故选D项。为什么

64、考有何价值导向解读一、发展思维品质文中第64题主要考查考生的概括性思维。根据全文特别是最后一句Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nin， reducing their losses needs to be the priority.“由于最贫穷的人根本不可能从与厄尔尼诺相关的灾难中弥补他们的损失，因此首要的任务是减少他们的损失”，可知写作目的可概括总结为呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺做准备，故选D。一些考生容易凭惯性思维而往往错选B项，而掉入命题人故意设置的陷

65、阱。考生要在平时学习中注意概括性思维的锻炼。二、聚焦核心价值本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是厄尔尼诺现象的由来、发生的时间、造成的影响、危害等相关情况，督促人们加强风险前的资金投入，改进基础设施，为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失。文章旨在让学生了解自然灾害，培养学生的防灾意识。同时引导学生认识人与自然是生命共同体；关注人与自然和谐相处，提升绿色环保意识，从自身做起，为共建绿色家园尽自己的一份力量，担自己的一份责任，为保护生态环境做出最大努力。借力真题发掘学习能力.单句语法填空1The new rules will become effective (effect) in the n

66、ext few days.2France is the worlds secondbiggest exporter of agricultural (agriculture) products.3It was a great relief (relieve)to know that he went back home safe and sound.4Our country is wealthier and more powerful (power)than ever before.5The boss stood up to prepare for the following speech.补全

67、句子1Washington, a state in the US, was named after (以命名) one of the greatest American president.2Eating and drinking too much is likely to (可能) give one stomach trouble.3He studied day and night to make up (弥补) for his missing lessons.4This kind of poor package can easily cause damage to (造成损害)the go

68、ods.5The harder you study, the greater progress (更大的进步) you will make.分析长难句1El Nino， a Spanish term for “the Christ child，” was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.句

69、式解构本句为含有两个定语从句和一个宾语从句的主从复合句。主句部分为El Nino was named by South American fishermen；a Spanish term for “the Christ child” 作同位语，对El Nino作进一步的解释；在who引导的定语从句中，又包含that引导的宾语从句和which引导的定语从句。句意翻译厄尔尼诺现象，西班牙语“圣婴现象”的译音，是由很早就注意到全球天气(变化)模式会使临近圣诞节的捕鱼量减少的南美洲渔民命名的，这一现象每两至七年发生一次。2El Nino sees warm water, collected over

70、several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.句式解构本句是含有一个时间状语从句的主从复合句。主句部分为“El Nino sees warm water . flow back eastwards”； when 引导时间状语从句；collected .作定语修饰 warm water。句意翻译根据厄尔尼诺现象，当通常向西吹的风减弱时，在西太平洋收集了数年的温暖海水会

71、向东回流，有时则相反。.主题语境写作假定你是李华，你校英文报社将举办主题为自然灾害的征文活动。请你给美国朋友 Bruce写一封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：1说明缘由；2请他介绍美国的自然灾害并谈谈影响，应对措施等；3告知征文截稿日期。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文：Dear Bruce，Our schools English newspaper will hold an essay competition whose theme is Natural Disasters. Id like to invite you to take part in it.I

72、t is wellknown that many natural disasters occur every year in America, causing great damage. You can introduce the main natural disasters, such as tornadoes and hurricanes and tell some common knowledge about them. For example, you can discuss how they form, when they happen，what harm they may caus

73、e, and how you can do in the face of disasters. The relative measures you take may benefit us，as we also face many natural disasters.The deadline is June 8th. Im looking forward to your essay. Yours，Li Hua 课下主题训练自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)survivalhurricane sandstorm

74、 natural volcano snowstorm tornado tsunami landslide drought fierce dangerous changeable terrify panic worsen victim catastrophe disappearance surround (二)主题词汇训练.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思1The drought has severely disrupted agricultural production.干旱2Theres no point getting into a panic about the exams.恐慌3Driv

75、ing at high speeds in the median of a highway will terrify drivers in both lanes.惊吓4The president warned people that if war broke out, it would be a catastrophe.灾难5The total number of victims of the bus bomb in this area was astonishing.受害者6The weather system included the states deadliest tornado in

76、 a decade.龙卷风7The storm caused landslides and flooding in Savona.滑坡8The hurricane is moving to the west at about 18 miles per hour.飓风.单句语法填空1Hearing the dog barking fiercely (fierce), away fled the thief.2Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack and worsen (worse) the effects of othe

77、r diseases.3We have been cutting down too many trees, which causes birds and animals to lose their natural (nature) habitats.4How do you account for the sudden disappearance (disappear) of the animal?5School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous(danger) situations.6In England, the chang

78、eable (change)weather is a topic which is much talked about.7Our new surroundings (surround) are a lot more friendly than we expected.8As we know, exporting is necessary for our economic survival (survive)二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解Earthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Beijing. Their des

79、igners say with these robots, rescuers will be able to buy more time to save lives during an earthquake.This robot, looking like a helicopter, is called the detector (探测器) bot. At about 4 metres long, it took about 4 years to develop the model. Its main functions are to collect information from the

80、air, and deliver goods of up to 30 kilos to people trapped by an earthquake.This robot is equipped with a high 360degree panoramic (全景的) camera. It can work day and night and also be able to send the latest pictures from the quake area.Dr Qi Juntong, from Chinese Academy of Sciences, said, “The most

81、 important feature of this robot is that it doesnt need distant control. We just set the information on it, and then it takes off, and lands by itself. It flies as high as 3,000 metres, and as fast as 100 kilometres per hour.”This robot has a different function it can change as the environment chang

82、es. Its main job is to search for any signs of life in places where human rescuers cant go.The robot is equipped with a camera that can work in the dark, as well as a detector that not only finds people, but can also detect poisonous gas. Another use for the rescuers is the supply bot, with its 10me

83、trelong pipe. People trapped in the ruins will be able to get supplies including oxygen and liquids.Experts have said that the robots will be produced, and serve as part of the national earthquake rescue team as soon as next year.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一款地震救援机器人。1We can learn from the passage that the earthqua

84、ke rescue robot .Ais unable to deliver goodsBis designed to predict the earthquakeCcan send pictures even at nightDcan be used to clear away poisonous gas解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这款机器人会全天候24小时工作，也就是说，即使在夜晚它也可以发送照片。2According to Dr Qi Juntong, the earthquake rescue robot .Ahas a unique shapeBhas more funct

85、ionsCis equipped with more advanced camerasDcan work by itself once given the information解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段可知，这款机器人不需要远程遥控，在设定信息后它可以自行工作。3The robot can find people in an earthquake with the help of .Aa remote control Ba detectorCa long pipe Da helicopter解析：选B细节理解题。根据第六段可知，这款机器人上的探测器可在地震灾区寻找人。4What is

86、the passage mainly about?ASome information about earthquakes.BHow to build earthquake rescue robots.CAn introduction to a kind of earthquake rescue robots.DDifferent earthquake rescue robots in the world.解析：选C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款地震救援机器人。.完形填空For many people, barbecues are a chance to enjoy a meal

87、with family and friends. For Stan Hays, barbecuing is a passion (酷爱的事物) that he puts to the 1 at weekend competitions. 2 ， when disaster strikes, Hays uses his skills to 3 people in need. Since 2011, his nonprofit, Operation BBQ Relief, has prepared more than 1.75 million meals for 4 .How amazing it

88、 is! The 5 effort began in May 2011, when a terrible tornado hit Joplin, Missouri, about twoandahalf hours from Hays home. His wife urged him to 6 . So, he put out the 7 to his barbecue buddies (伙计) and headed down with his portable (便携的) smoker.“We 8 wed be there three to four days, serving maybe 5

89、,000 meals，”Hays said.“But the need was there, and the 9 kept coming in.”Hays believes that the food they prepare keeps disaster survivors 10 both physically and mentally.“Barbecue is 11 food，”Hays said.“If you just 12 your house or a loved one just left you, and you get a 13 meal that reminds you o

90、f the warmth you felt in your family backyard BBQs and makes you 14 the bad things in your life, it is 15 for me. We are not only giving them something nutritious, but we are giving them a state of being 16 .”“For me, the 17 thing is people coming together. Seeing the people working and 18 the effec

91、t the meals are producing it cant help but bring a smile to your face, maybe a 19 to your eye. At the end of the day, youve done something thats made a 20 ，” said Hays.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。Stan Hays用烧烤来抚慰灾后生还者的心灵。1A.actionBtestCend Dwork解析：选B根据本句中的“passion”及“at weekend competitions”可知，Stan Hays将烧烤事业视为挚爱，在周末举

92、办的烧烤竞赛中，一试身手。put sth.to the test意为“使受检验”。2A.However BThereforeCOtherwise DUsually解析：选A本空所在句与第一段的最后一句语意上是转折关系，故填However。3A.save BpersuadeCfeed Dteach解析：选CStan Hays用烧烤为人们提供食物。feed sb.意为“给某人食物”。4A.volunteers BfriendsCsurvivors Dneighbors解析：选C本空所填词是第三段“disaster survivors”中的survivors的原词复现。5A.unique Bextr

93、aCconfident Dbrave解析：选AStan Hays用烧烤救灾的方式可谓“独树一帜(unique)”。6A.change BimproveCimagine Dhelp解析：选D根据上文“when a terrible tornado hit Joplin, Missouri, about twoandahalf hours from Hays home”可知，飓风侵袭之地距Hays家只有两个半小时的车程之遥，Stan Hays的妻子敦促他前去“帮助(help)”。7A.goal BwordCcomment Dadvertisement解析：选B根据下文中的“wed be there

94、 three to four days, serving maybe 5,000 meals”可知，Stan Hays向一起经营烧烤事业的伙伴们传了“话(word)”，召集他们一起救灾，然后就奔赴灾后一线。8A.suggested BrealizedCexpected Dthought解析：选D根据下文“But the need was there . kept coming in”可知，Stan Hays一行人“原以为(thought)”他们也就在救灾现场待三到四天。9A.demands BquestionsCsupplies Dorders解析：选Cneed与supplies构成对应。10

95、A.patient BwellCquiet Dproud解析：选B根据本句中的“both physically and mentally”可知，Stan Hays认为他们提供的食物使得灾后生还人员从精神和身体上都保持了“健康的(well)”状态。11A.comfort BdietCsafe Dfamous解析：选A根据上文的“mentally”可知，Stan Hays说道，“烧烤是一种慰藉(comfort)食物。”12A.decorated BbuiltCmoved Dlost解析：选D根据上文中的“disaster”可知，灾难使人们“失去(lost)”了房子。13A.hot BheavyCs

96、imple Dtraditional解析：选A根据下文中的“the warmth you felt in your family backyard BBQs”可知，如果得到一种“热气腾腾的(hot)”食物。14A.talk about Bforget aboutCworry about Dlearn about解析：选B本空所填词与本句中的“reminds you of”形成对应。15A.suitable BcreativeCconvenient Dworthwhile解析：选DStan Hays说道，“人们吃到这顿热气腾腾的饭后，若能记起自家后院里家庭烧烤时的温情，忘却生活中糟糕的事情，自己

97、所做之事就是值得的(worthwhile)。”16A.normal BsilentChumorous Dpitiful解析：选A根据上文的“mentally”可知，Stan Hays补充道，“我们不仅仅给人们提供有营养的食物，我们还想给予他们一丝生活的常态感(state of being normal)。”17A.difficult BgreatestCstrangest Dlucky解析：选B根据本空后的“people coming together”“the effect the meals are producing”“ bring a smile to your face”可知，此处Stan Hays谈的是自己所做之事的意义所在，故选greatest。18A.ignoring BmeasuringCknowing Dpredicting解析：选CStan Hays又说道，“看到一群人一起工作，明白(knowing)这些食物所带来的影响力，不自觉地你的脸上就会充满笑意。”19A.pain BburnCtear Dcuriosity解析：选C本空所填词与本句中的smile形成对应。20A.promise BruleCdecision Ddifference解析：选D上文中的effect提示了本空。make a difference意为“有影响”。