2021新高考英语词汇-语篇模式一轮复习教学案（含作业）：主题语境3 TOPIC 44　生物 WORD版含解析.doc

1、Topic 44生物1.植物 (Plants)wheat, bamboo, biological, botanical, corn, maple, pine, bush, weed, truck, root, seed, branch, leaf, cell, fibre, organ, absorb, come out, grow, harvest, give out, take in, plant, _ spiiz642.动物 (Animals)insect, animal, beast, creature, pest, fierce, _ re(r)28, domestic, worm,

2、 ant, sparrow, seagull, rooster, goose, turkey, squirrel, cattle，bee, butterfly, bird, eagle, frog, dinosaur, lion，shark, wing, tail, fly, _ tk70, food, feed on, raise, give birth to, bite, produce, hatch, chase3.生物保护 (Biological Conservation)_ prtekt84, law, reserve, wildlife, remote, act, be nativ

3、e to, be home to, in the wild, behavioral, endangered, in danger of, die out, _ reskju31, evolution, convert, change . into, _ IkstIkt3, degree, breed, _ dIfit22, survive, prohibit4.生物技术 (Biological Technology)bacterium, virus, breakthrough, make a breakthrough, clone, controversial, biochemistry, g

4、ene, carrier5.意义影响 (Influence)_ trit68, food chain, cure, disease, illness, play an important part in, function, status, _ menn80, _ dpt35, adapt tospecies; rare; attack; protect; rescue; extinct; defeat; treat; mention; adapt rareIts extremely rare for it to be this hot in April.(2019天津高考)They are

5、keen to see rare birds at the destination.(1)用rare的适当形式填空Tom _ goes to other places except for the office.The land is home to a great diversity of _ plants and animals.答案：rarelyrare(2)单句写作玛丽有一张珍贵的邮票。Mary has _.我很少听到这样离奇的故事。Rarely _ such a strange story.难得发现这样一群有趣的人。_ such an interesting group of peo

6、ple.答案：a rare stamphave I heardIt is rare to find(1)adj. 稀少的；稀罕的 not done, seen, happening, etc. very often(2)adj. 稀罕的；珍贵的 existing only in small numbers and therefore valuable or interestinga rare plant/sight 罕有的植物/景象 a rare book/coin/stamp 珍奇的书/硬币/邮票It is rare (for sb./sth.) to_do sth. (某人/物)做某事是罕

7、见的rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常rarely位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，有类似用法的否定副词还有never, little, seldom, hardly等。attack(2017全国卷)When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly.(2019全国卷)When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.(1)介词填空The police are

8、making a major attack _ drug dealers.The village came _ attack last night.答案：onunder(2)单句写作The city is easy to _(被袭击) the storm from the Pacific Ocean.The newspapers _ (抨击) the president because of the new law.答案：be attacked bymade an attack on(1)n. 袭击；攻击 an act of using violence to try to hurt or k

9、ill sb.(2)v. 袭击；攻击 to use violence to try to hurt or kill sb.make an attack on 对发动攻击be/come under attack 遭受攻击protect(2019全国卷)To make sure you get enough Vitamin Dbut still protect your skinput on sunscreen right as you head outside.The regulations are made to protect womens and childrens rights and

10、interests.(1)单句语法填空Troops have been sent to protect aid workers _ attack.They huddled together to protect themselves _ the wind.They traveled _ the protection of a number of soldiers.答案：againstfromunder(2)选词填空：defend/guard/protectThey _ the building against strangers.His head was _ by a helmet.We sh

11、ould _ our homeland when she is attacked.答案：guardedprotecteddefend(3)单句写作她用手遮住太阳以保护她的眼睛。She _ the sun with her hand.那些被子不能使你御寒。Those quilts dont give you much _ the cold.他们穿着雨衣以防淋雨。They wore raincoats as a _.答案：protected her eyes fromprotection againstprotection against/from the rain(1)v. 保护；防护 to m

12、ake sure that sb./sth. is not harmed, injured, damaged, etc.(2)v. (制定法律)保护 to introduce laws that make it illegal to kill, harm or damage a particular animal, area of land, building, etc.protect . against/from . 保护免受protection n. 保护；防卫protection against/from 保护免受under the protection ofunder sb.s pro

13、tection 在的保护下protect/defend/guardprotect指采取一定措施，使用某些器具以保护人或物免遭损害，使用广泛defend着重指用武力抵御攻击和侵犯；另表示“为辩护”guard强调通过看守警戒，以确保安全rescue(2019江苏高考)Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it.A wealthy benefactor came to their rescue with a generous donation.(1)介词填空Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people

14、_ the roof of the burning building.He got a purchase on a branch until we came _ his rescue.答案：fromto(2)单句写作派出了救生艇去营救沉船上的船员。The lifeboat was sent out to _.我们来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。_ and pulled him out of the river.答案：rescue the sailor from the sinking shipWe came to his rescue(1)vt. 营救；援救；抢救 to save sb./sth.

15、 from a dangerous or harmful situation(2)n. 救援；营救；抢救；获救 the act of saving sb./sth. from a dangerous or difficult situation; the fact of being savedrescue sb./sth. from . 把从营救出来come to sb.s rescue (rescue sb.) 援救某人defeat(2018天津高考)I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappoint

16、ment we were defeated.The instruction manual completely defeated me.(1)选词填空：defeat/beat/winHe _ the first prize for his invention.We _ their team by 10 points.Americans _ the British at Yorktown, Virginia 1781.答案：wonbeat/defeateddefeated(2)单句写作If I left my job, I would be _ (认输了)The goalkeeper was b

17、lamed for _ (球队的惜败)答案：admitting defeatthe teams narrow defeat(1)vt. 击败；战胜 to win against sb. in a war, competition, sports game, etc.(2)vt. 使困惑；难住 if sth. defeats you, you cannot understand itadmit defeat 认输a big/bad/heavy defeat 大败a narrow defeat 惜败defeat/beat/windefeat和beat都可跟sb., 一般可互换，defeat既可指比

18、赛，也可指战场上战胜对手beat侧重于比赛中击败对手win后可接比赛、辩论、战斗等，表示“荣获，赢得”treatWe took the kids to the zoo as a special treat.(2015北京高考)Did you enjoy the party?Yes. We were treated well by our hosts.Treat your keyboard with care and it should last for years.(2016北京高考)They are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that rem

19、oves lead from the blood over several days.(2017天津高考)The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here.(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义She was treated on penicillin (盘尼西林) for six weeks and made a very good recovery._I decide to treat you

20、 to ice creams._Their parents continue to treat them as children._Its a treat to meet you here._答案：治疗；医治招待；款待对待乐事；乐趣(2)单句语法填空All visitors to this village are treated _ kindness.I wish you would stop treating me _ a child!Dont worry about the costit is _ (I) treat.答案：withlike/asmy(3)语段写作Tom _ (正在一所著名

21、的医院接受治疗) where _ (医生们对他很好). All the doctors _ (把他当作孩子看待) and even _ (请他吃一些水果). In addition, they all have good manners and they are never fed up with anyone. Tom thinks that he will recover soon.答案：is being treated in a famous hospital; the doctors treat him well; treat him as/like a child; treat hi

22、m to some fruits(1)n. 乐事；乐趣；款待 something very pleasant and enjoyable, especially sth. that you give someone or do for them(2)vt. 招待；款待；请(客)；买(可享受的东西) to pay for sth. that sb./you will enjoy and that you do not usually have or do(3)vt. 以态度对待；以方式对待 to behave in a particular way towards sb./sth.(4)vt.

23、治疗；医治 to try to cure an illness or injury by using drugs, hospital care, operations etc.(5)vt. 把看作；把视为 to deal with, regard, or consider something in a particular way.七选五(2019西藏拉萨市高三第三次模拟)Going greenLizzy Greenes official website says it all: “Actress, Artist & Animal Lover.” At 13, Lizzy has perfor

24、med in childrens theater, and she is a trained gymnast. She is most known for her role as Dawn Harper on Nickelodeons Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn. Now Lizzy is taking on another roleas a voice for animals._1_ She grew up with dogs, and her familys pet is a 110pound German shepherd (牧羊犬) named Jett. O

25、n the show, Lizzy shares the screen with a lovable 20pound dog named Squishy Paws. In second grade, she stationed herself outside her school to ask for donations to a local animal shelter. _2_Now Lizzy is also speaking out for farm animals. Shes recently joined The Humane Society of the United State

26、s Meatless Monday movement. She encourages young people to take a break from eating meat on Mondays. _3_ And shes encouraging the under20 crowd to take part.Lizzy knows that raising animals for meat causes pollution, uses a lot of natural resources like water and also harms animals. _4_ Choosing mea

27、tfree meals one day a week is also a great way to feel healthy.Many K12 schools universities and hospitals nationwide have started Meatless Monday programs.“Its so easy to love animals.” Lizzy says. _5_ For some kidandanimalfriendly meatless recipes (食谱), visit humanesociety. org/kindnews.AIts easy

28、to eat animalfriendly foods, too.BLizzy has only just begun her bright career.CAnimals have always been a big part of Lizzys life.DAnd Lizzy says she has always wanted to help animals.ECutting meat from our diet once a week helps the environmentand animals.FKids breakfast can be as simple as trying

29、a vegetable burger instead of a hamburger.GAfter the movement, Lizzy says she wants to save a few more lives and force humans to eat healthier.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个小女孩演员Lizzy为保护动物所做的努力。动物是人类亲密的朋友(close friends of human beings)，人类是动物信赖的伙伴(trusted companions of animals)。我们每个人都可以从身边做起，关爱小动物。1C设空处为本段的

30、总结句，根据设空处后两句可知，Lizzy和家里的牧羊犬一起长大、和一只叫Squishy Paws的狗一起演出，所以C项(动物一直是Lizzy生活中的重要组成部分)符合文意。故选C。2D根据设空处上一句可知，她向当地动物收容所申请捐款；根据设空处下一句可知她为家畜发声，所以D项(而且Lizzy说她一直想帮助动物)承上启下，符合文意。故选D。3G根据设空处上一句可知，Lizzy想要鼓励年轻人周一不吃肉；根据设空处下一句可知Lizzy鼓励20岁以下群体参加，所以G项(儿童的早餐可以简单地吃蔬菜汉堡来替代牛肉汉堡)符合文意。故选G。4E根据设空处上一句可知，Lizzy认为养用来吃肉的动物会污染环境、浪

31、费水、伤害动物；根据设空处下一句可知每周选择一天全素食也有利于健康。所以E项(每周从我们的饮食中减少食肉量对环境和动物都有帮助)符合文意。故选E。5A根据设空处上一句可知，Lizzy认为热爱动物是容易的；设空处下一句介绍了有对儿童和动物友好的素食食谱的网站。所以A项(吃对动物友好的食物也是容易的)符合文意。故选A。gymnast n. 体操运动员take on 承担；具有station oneself 驻扎(第一段最后一句)Now Lizzy is taking on another roleas a voice for animals.现在，Lizzy有了另一个身份为动物发声者。.完形填空(

32、2019江苏高考改编)Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species (物种) that are _1_ every day. The whitenaped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to _2_ the species from going out of existence.Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with

33、their _3_. Emma, a female crane, has been in their _4_ since she arrived in 2004.Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was _5_ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected _6_， though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to hu

34、mans. She _7_ to live with male cranes, and even had a _8_ for killing some of them, which made it impossible for her to become a mother.However, the two zookeepers didnt want to see the extinction (灭绝) of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a _9_ of a

35、rtificial breeding (人工繁殖) and natural reproduction. This _10_ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be _11_， more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the decline, and many other species a

36、ppear headed toward extinction. _12_， not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.How can we _13_ the everwidening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the answer：human beings took it for granted that the

37、ir _14_ held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better _15_.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了人类为拯救濒危野生动物白枕鹤所做的努力。1A.growing BmigratingCcompeting Ddisappearing答案：D由后文列举的濒临灭绝的野生动物白枕鹤的例子可知，每天都有物种在消失(disappear)，故选D项。2A.ban BsaveCsplit Dremove答案：B由下文提到的Chris和Tim为拯救白枕鹤所做的努力可知，科学家们一直在尽最大努力拯救(save)这些物种免于灭

38、绝。save sb./sth. from doing sth. “拯救某人/某物免于做某事”，是固定搭配。ban sb. from doing sth. “禁止某人做某事”。3A.abortion BrecreationCreproduction Dadministration答案：C由第四段中的“artificial breeding (人工繁殖) and natural reproduction”可知，这两位饲养员帮助濒危的白枕鹤繁殖(reproduction)。4A.care BeyeCmind Dstory答案：A由下文的叙述可知，Chris和Tim在Emma来到动物园之后一直在照顾她

39、。in ones care “由某人照管”，是固定搭配。另外，下文中的human caretakers也给出了提示。5A.found BchosenCraised Dseized答案：C由下文中的“become deeply attached to humans”可知，她是由人类饲养(raise)大的。6A.bonus BconsequenceCvictory Dsacrifice答案：B由though引导的让步状语从句“尽管她在那里过得很愉快”可知，“她是由人类饲养大的”这一事实导致了意想不到的后果(consequence)。7A.liked BrefusedCdecided Dhesita

40、ted答案：B既然Emma从来不把自己看作是一只鹤，那么她会拒绝(refuse)与雄鹤一起生活。8A.gift BskillCconcern Dreputation答案：DEmma非常依恋人类，她从来不把自己看作是一只鹤，拒绝与雄鹤一起生活，甚至会杀死一些雄鹤，并因此出了名。have a reputation for “有的名声”，是固定搭配。9A.combination BcollectionCstrategy Dsystem答案：A人工繁殖和自然繁殖是两种繁殖方式，此处指动物园饲养员把这两种方式成功地结合起来了，故选combination (结合，联合)。10A.forced Bforba

41、deCtaught Denabled答案：D这种结合使Emma生了五只幼鹤。enable sb. to do sth. “使某人做某事”，是固定搭配，且符合此处的语境。11A.defeated BgratefulCassured Dtolerant答案：C由but表示的转折含义以及后面提到的“必须付出更多的努力”可知，他们现在还不能确定(assured)。12A.In contrast BAfter allCBy the way DOn the contrary答案：B出现这种情况的原因是，毕竟(after all)不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想、有感情，最重要的是，还有平等的生存权利。13

42、A.leave BbridgeCopen Didentify答案：B句意：我们怎样才能弥合我们与其他动物之间日益扩大的鸿沟呢？ bridge the gap “消除隔阂/鸿沟/分歧”，是固定搭配。14A.brains BbehaviorsCservices Dprojects答案：A上文提到不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想、有感情，最重要的是，还有平等的生存权利，人类理所当然地认为他们的大脑(brain)拥有所有的解决方案。15A.guide BtreatCexample Dcompanion答案：A人类理所当然地认为他们的大脑拥有所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为一个更好的向导(guid

43、e)。.语法填空(2019全国卷)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88， there is evidence _1_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global popula

44、tion of polar bears as much of the range has been _2_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,00025,000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods _3_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive _4_ (perform) consistently over

45、 a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _5_ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _6_ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by _7_ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, lead

46、ing to the illusion (错觉) that populations are _8_ (high) than they actually are. Of _9_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _10_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须保护的现状。1that考查同位语

47、从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。2poorly考查词性转换。修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。3of/for考查介词。a method of/for doing sth. “做某事的方法”。4to perform考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语beadj.不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。5have reported考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“in recent years”可判断用现在完成时。6belief考查词性转换。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知

48、，此处应填believe的名词形式belief。7noting考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。respond by doing sth. “通过做某事回应”。8higher考查形容词的比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。9the考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词the。10are考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；six指代six polar bear subpopulations，谓语动词应用复数。【重点语法】.写作新题型概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Hacking

49、Plants for the FutureHacking isnt just for computers and smartphones. According to a study, scientists have found a way to hack a plants genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of food produced around the world.Plants use less than I percen

50、t of the energy available to them. But by hacking a plants genes, scientists were able to increase the amount of leaf growth on plants between 14 and 20 percent.Specifically, scientists hacked the plants protective system. Normally, this system is activated when a plant gets too much sunlight. When

51、the plant senses the light, it gets rid of extra energy and creates more leaves. When the plant is in shade, the protective system is turned off. But the process is slow.Stephen Long compared a plants protective system to lightadjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day

52、, the lenses darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. This makes it hard for plants to get the right amount of sunlight needed to create food.The new study sped up the process. By ch

53、anging the plants genes, the protective system turned on and off more quickly than normal. As a result, leaf growth on the plants scientists used in the study increased. Leaf growth in two plants increased by 20 percent, while leaf growth on a third plant increased by 14 percent. Scientists conducte

54、d the study on tobacco plants. But they thought the genetic modifications would produce the same results in staples such as corn and rice.“Now that we know it works, it wont be too difficult to do it with other crops，” said Long. “If you look at crops around the world，” he said, “it would increase y

55、ielding many million tons of food. It will be at least 15 years before scientists can adjust crops on a large scale.” But he believed the study was the first step in that direction.Agriculture professor Tala Awanda said he wasnt sure the yield would be quite as high, but he said, “this study remains

56、 a breakthrough.”According to the United Nations, that number is expected to reach 8.5 billion by 2030, increasing the demand for food around the world._写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，通过改变植物利用光线的方式，可以促使植物迅速生长。精彩范文A study finds that changing how a plant uses sunlight could mean more food in the future. (要点1) T

57、he protective system the plants have, which will be activated by the sunlight, decides how fast plants create food. (要点2) Scientists hacked the genes of tobacco plants and sped their process to make food by providing sunlight to activate their protective system, thus increasing the leaf growth. (要点3) The same way will be applied to other crops soon. (要点4)