2021版高考英语增分大一轮人教版精练：选修7 UNIT 2　ROBOTS WORD版含答案.doc

1、Unit 2Robots.阅读A(2019江苏七市高三第二次调研考试)Australian magpies can understand what other birds are saying to each other,a new study has found.The research,published in the journal Animal Behavior,says the magpie has learned the meanings of different noisy miner calls and essentially eavesdrops (偷听) to find o

2、ut which predators(食肉动物) are near.Noisy minersa small,native honeyeaterhave different warning calls for ground-based and aerial(飞行的)predators.By playing both kinds of recording to a series of wild magpies,researchers observed the magpies raising their beaks(喙) to the sky,or dropping their heads to t

3、he ground.Researchers attracted the magpies with cheese,then played the noisy miner calls,videotaping the results.As a control,they also rolled a large orange ball towards the magpies to see how they ordinarily tilted(倾斜) their beaks to ground threats,and threw the ball to see how they reacted to ae

4、rial threats.The researchers recorded an average maximum beak angle of 29 degrees for the thrown ball,and an average maximum of 9 degrees when it was rolled.The miners aerial warning caused an average maximum beak angle of 31 degrees,and the ground warning caused an average maximum of 24 degrees.One

5、 of the studys authors,Dominique Potvin,said the magpies showed an astonishing level of insight.Magpies and miners broadly face the same types of predators and the two frequently live in the same ecosystem.Potvin said this had encouraged the magpies learned behavior.“Magpies are generally found on t

6、he ground and noisy miners are generally found up in trees.It pays for the magpie to pay attention to somebody who has a better view of predators than they do.”She said it was unclear whether other birds could do the same,but it was highly likely other magpies around Australia already did.“Magpies a

7、re a pretty smart group.Were not sure if theyre learning this from other magpies or if theyre figuring it out on their own,but the ability is there.”As part of the experiment,researchers also played a third call:a common,non-warning call from a crimson rosella.They found the magpies did not respond.

8、Potvin said that we had been actively exploring animal cognition(认知) research.“Its a good piece of the puzzle,” Potvin said.“Looking at the social relationships between species that live in communities.”1.What have the researchers found about Australian magpies?A.They can understand other bird calls

9、.B.They can communicate with noisy miners.C.They have a special preference for cheeses.D.They have the ability to warn the predators.2.How did the researchers get their findings?A.By calculating the beak angles of aerial and ground-based predators.B.By comparing the magpies responses to threats with

10、 the miners.C.By monitoring the magpies responses to the miners warning calls.D.By recording the magpies louder scream for other birds attention.3.The magpies cognition can help them .A.have a better view of the predators than the minersB.better protect themselves from the potential threatsC.coopera

11、te with other birds to drive away the predatorsD.live in harmony with other birds in the same ecosystem4.We can learn from the passage that .A.the magpies are smart learners of other birds behaviourB.its likely that other birds have developed the same abilityC.the findings have clarified the relatio

12、nships between speciesD.a lot more remains to be explored about animal cognition语篇解读:本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了关于喜鹊的最新研究发现,包括实验内容和实验的发现。答案及剖析:1.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的says the magpie has learned the meanings of different noisy miner calls and.可知,喜鹊可以理解其他鸟类的叫声。故A选项正确。2.C细节理解题。根据第三、四、五、六、七段,研究人员通过定量研究,先研究喜鹊平时的喙是怎么倾斜的,再与掘穴

13、鸟有叫声时候的反应进行监控、对比,获得了发现结果。故C选项正确。3.B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第五段“Magpies are generally found on the ground.”,因为一般喜鹊会在地上,掘穴鸟在树上,掘穴鸟有更好的视线发现捕食者,喜鹊的认知能力可以帮助喜鹊提防它们的捕食者,使得喜鹊可以更好地保护自己。predator 与threat同义替换,这个对考生的词汇量还是要求非常高的。故B选项正确。4.D细节理解题。A选项说喜鹊在学习其他鸟类的行为上比其他鸟类更聪明,文中未提及,排除;B项说其他鸟类可能也进化出了同样的能力,文章倒数第四段说还不清楚其他鸟类怎么样,排除;C项说

14、研究已经完全搞明白了物种间的关系,可是文章最后说的是我们正在积极探索,可知还没有完全弄明白,排除。根据最后一段的Potvin said that we had been actively exploring animal cognition(认知) research.可知关于动物认知,还有很多有待探索。故D选项正确。B(21世纪报第8期)On US TV shows,you may sometimes see rubber balls on peoples desks.These balls are known as “stress relief balls”.People can squee

15、ze them when they feel stressed out.Its believed that by concentrating on the act of squeezing,they can let go of the negative energy in their bodies.“We dont all get the big,sunny corner office,the super ergonomic (人体工程学的) chair,or four weeks of vacation at work.A focused activity helps take your m

16、ind off the problems of your day,”wrote Joseph Shrand,a professor at Harvard University,in his book Manage Your Stress.Indeed,stress is a big problem for many people.Fortunately,we have many ways to deal with it.In fact,the rubber stress relief balls that are so popular today in the US are believed

17、to date back to ancient China.Back in the Han Dynasty (BC 202AD 220),soldiers used walnuts (核桃) to get rid of stress.By squeezing them during moments of anxiety,soldiers were able to calm themselves down before going into battle.And in the Ming Dynasty (AD 13681644),people started rotating (转动) the

18、walnuts in their hands.Ordinary citizensnot just soldiersdeveloped the habit of rolling two walnuts,or balls made from iron or stone,around in their hands.This helped them relax as well.And today,we have many gadgets (器具) and toys that are designed to reduce stress in addition to stress relief balls

19、.One example is the popular fidget spinner (指尖陀螺),which keeps your hand busy with an easy taskspinning the gadget around. Theres also the fidget cube,which features different “gimmicks” (机关) on each side of the cube.You can click,spin,pull,push and rotate different parts of the cube.These gadgets ma

20、y look like simple toys,but perhaps we should take them more seriously than they are given credit for.“After all, the history of stress balls is a history of modern-day coping (应对),” reporter Nadia Berenstein wrote for Woolly magazine.5.What did Shrand suggest people do to relieve stress?A.Move to a

21、 big,sunny office.B.Get a comfortable chair.C.Take a long vacation.D.Concentrate on a simple activity.6.Where did the idea for stress relief balls originally come from?A.Toys designed for American TV shows.B.Walnuts used by Chinese soldiers before battle.C.Stone balls from ancient China.D.Gadgets in

22、vented in the Ming Dynasty.7.The author wrote the article mainly to .A.introduce stress relief toysB.prove that stress is a big problemC.tell the history of stress relief ballsD.offer advice on dealing with stress语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一些缓解压力的小设备。答案及剖析:5.D细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“A focused activity helps take you

23、r mind off the problems of your day”可知,D项符合题意。6.B细节理解题。根据第四段可知,这种解压橡胶球的历史可以追溯到汉朝时期,士兵常在战前用手挤压核桃以释放压力,故B项符合题意。7.A主旨大意题。纵观全文,本文主要介绍了一些解压神器,故A项符合题意。.语法填空(2019山东实验中学质量检测)The national college entrance exam in Russia,Unified State Exam,will include Chinese as 1. elective foreign language starting from 201

24、9.Chinese will become the fifth elective test item for the Unified State Exam 2. (follow)English,German,French and Spanish.The number of Chinese learners in Russia 3. (grow)quickly in the past decade,according to a survey 4. (conduct)by a linguistic research center in Russia.Approaches to learning C

25、hinese vary from person to person,5. more and more people choosing university courses in Russia.The three-hour-long Chinese test will quiz students on 6. (they)listening,reading,and writing abilities and a fourth section will examine students on grammar,vocabulary and Chinese 7. (character).Some par

26、ts in the exam are even a little bit difficult for native Chinese speakers.According to the Office of Chinese Language Council International,some 100 million people,excluding native speakers,use Chinese 8. (global).The United Nations (UN)in 2010 suggested a Chinese Language Day 9. falls on April 20

27、each year 10. (celebrate)cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all official languages.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,2019年俄罗斯高考中将新增加汉语作为外语考试科目之一,这充分体现了汉语在全球的地位不断上升。答案及剖析:1.an考查冠词。这里表示“一门或一种选修语言”,表泛指,由于elective以元音音素开头,故填an。2.following考查现在分词。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词,故follow作非谓语与逻辑主语构成主谓关系,故用现在分词形式followin

28、g。3.has grown考查时态及主谓一致。根据时间状语in the past decade可知,本句需要用现在完成时;由于本句主语为number,因此谓语动词用单数形式,故填has grown。4.conducted考查非谓语动词。conduct与逻辑主语构成被动关系,表示该调查“被进行”,因此填过去分词形式conducted。5.with考查介词。这里是with的复合结构作状语,因此填介词with。6.their考查代词。下文的名词abilities暗示这里需要填一个形容词性物主代词,故填their。7.characters考查名词复数。这里表示考查汉字,应该用复数形式characters。8.globally这里需要一个副词来修饰前面的动词use,故填globally。9.which/that考查定语从句连接词。本空格前面的Chinese Language Day为先行词,后面是一个限制性定语从句,故填which/that。10.to celebrate考查动词不定式。此处as well as连接两个并列的成分,故填动词不定式形式to celebrate,在句中作目的状语。