2021届高考英语一轮复习 第一编 必修1 Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab课时作业（含解析）外研版.doc

1、Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab课时作业.阅读A(2020合肥市高三调研性检测)In a major medical breakthrough, Tel Aviv University researchers have “printed” the worlds first 3D vascularized (血管化的) engineered heart using a patients own cells and biological materials. Their findings were published on April 15 in a study in Adva

2、nced Science.“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart，” says Prof. Tal Dvir of Department of Materials Science and Engineering, who led the research for the study. “This heart is made from human cells and patientspecific biological materials. In

3、 our process, these materials serve as the bioinks, something made of sugars and proteins that can be used for 3D printing of complex tissue models，” Prof. Dvir says. “People managed to 3Dprint the structure of a heart in the past but not with cells or with blood vessels. Our results demonstrate the

4、 potential of our approach for engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future.”According to Prof. Dvir, the use of “native” patientspecific materials is important to successfully engineering tissues and organs.The researchers are now planning on culturing the printed hearts in t

5、he lab and “teaching them to behave” like hearts, Prof. Dvir says. They then plan to transplant the 3Dprinted heart into animal models.“We need to develop the printed heart further，” he concludes. “The cells need to form a pumping ability; they can currently contract (收缩), but we need them to work t

6、ogether. Our hope is that we will succeed and prove our methods efficacy (功效) and usefulness. Maybe, in ten years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world, and these procedures will be conducted routinely.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。特拉维夫大学的研究人员使用病人自己的细胞和生物材料3D打印出了世界上第一颗有血管的心脏。这是一项重大

7、的医学突破。1What does Prof. Dvir think of an early 3Dprinted heart?AIt was highly practical.BIt was too expensive.CIt was personalized.DIt was too simple.答案：D推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句Dvir教授所说的话“People managed to 3Dprint the structure of a heart in the past, but not with cells or with blood vessels.”可知，在过去，人们设法3D打

8、印出了心脏的结构，但没有细胞或血管。据此可推知，Dvir教授认为过去3D打印的心脏很简单，故D项正确。2What do we know about the latest 3Dprinted heart?AIt can be cultured in the lab.BIt can match a patient perfectly.CIt has been transplanted into animals.DIt has been widely used in hospitals.答案：A细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The researchers are now planning on cu

9、lturing the printed hearts in the lab and teaching them to behave like hearts”可知，研究人员目前正计划在实验室中培养这些打印出来的心脏，并“教它们像心脏一样运动”，据此可知，最新的3D打印心脏可以在实验室中培养，故A项正确。3What is Prof. Dvirs attitude to the development of the printed heart?AAmbiguous.BPositive.CDisapproving.DCautious.答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段中Dvir教授所说的话“Maybe,

10、 in ten years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world, and these procedures will be conducted routinely.”可知，可能在十年后，世界上一些最好的医院将会有器官打印机，而且这些手术将常规进行。据此可推知，Dvir教授对打印心脏的发展持乐观的态度，故B项正确。4What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo explain the basic principle of 3D tec

11、hnology.BTo introduce a breakthrough of medical research.CTo doubt the medical value of a new invention.DTo prove the effectiveness of the new technology.答案：B主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句并结合文章其他内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项医学突破：特拉维夫大学的研究人员利用病人自己的细胞和生物材料3D打印出了世界上第一颗有血管的心脏。故B项正确。【词汇积累】biological adj. 生物的protein n. 蛋白质potential n

12、. 潜在性；可能性；潜力replacement n. 替换；更换【难句分析】原文：Our hope is that we will succeed and prove our methods efficacy (功效) and usefulness.我们希望我们会成功证明方法的有效性和有用性。(最后一段倒数第二句)分析：本句为主从复合句。that引导表语从句，从句中succeed和prove作并列谓语。B(2020大同市高三学情调研测试试题)My family lives in Texas. I was born and brought up in Texas and I am a gradu

13、ate of the University of Texas at Austin. However, around my second year in the law school, I wanted to make a great change, which was almost unheard of for Texans: I wanted to leave!I realized this after completing my firstyear internship (实习期). I knew I wanted something different and my chance cam

14、e during the 2011 Super Bowl in Dallas. A snowstorm blanketed the entire city in snow and thousands of people were gathered. I overheard that StubHub, a big company from a great city, San Francisco, was throwing a party next door to my hotel. I thought if I could get an internship, I could leave for

15、 the summer and at least see what it was like. Yes, it was a huge leap. I told myself I was ready.There was just one problem: I wasnt invited to the StubHub party. But you know Im the type of person who goes for something she wants. Needless to say, I crashed the party and found my way to the presid

16、ent. I kindly introduced myself and then asked if they had a legal internship program. Guess what? They accepted my request to be a legal intern, even though no such program existed.Although the legal department didnt have a permanent position for me, the experience has shaped my life. Working for a

17、 great company in San Francisco, Im incredibly happy for making my decision to leave Texas.By leaving Texas, I learned that it is so much more rewarding to try the unfamiliar than to stay in the comfortable. Exploring the unfamiliar is how youll understand what fits your life. I say, dive in first.篇

18、章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去达拉斯主动创造机会寻找实习机会的经历，以及从中得到的感悟。5What happened to the author in Dallas in 2011?AShe was accepted as a legal intern.BShe played in the Super Bowl.CShe escaped from San Francisco.DShe met up with her family.答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段的内容和第三段尾句中的“They accepted my request to be a legal intern”可知，2

19、011年在达拉斯作者成功说服一家旧金山的大公司总裁接受她为一名法律实习生，故A项正确。6The author was able to leave Texas because .Ashe introduced herself to the president of StubHubBshe watched the 2011 Super Bowl in DallasCshe dropped out of the University of Texas at AustinDa snowstorm blanketed the entire city in snow答案：A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I

20、crashed the party and found my way to the president. I kindly introduced myself and then asked if they had a legal internship program”可知，作者找到了StubHub公司的总裁，友好地介绍了自己，然后问他们是否有法律实习项目，并最终被接受，做了一名法律实习生，得以离开得克萨斯州，故A项正确。7Which is the biggest lesson that the author learned from the experience?AYou must choos

21、e a career that you like.BJumping out of your comfort zone is rewarding.CAccepting who you are makes you realize your strengths.DYou should listen to your family to learn about your potential.答案：B细节理解题。根据末段第一句“By leaving Texas, I learned that it is so much more rewarding to try the unfamiliar than t

22、o stay in the comfortable.”可知，通过这次经历，作者认识到跳出舒适圈是值得做的，故B项正确。8Which of the following words can best describe the author?APatient and modest.BSupportive and energetic.CIntelligent and humorous.DDetermined and adventurous.答案：D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I wasnt invited to the StubHub party. But you know Im the type o

23、f person who goes for something she wants.”可知，作者虽没被邀请参加派对，但她是那种追求她想要的东西的人，由此可见作者很坚定；再根据“I crashed the party and found my way to the president . if they had a legal internship program”可知作者闯进派对，找董事长毛遂自荐，说明作者很大胆。故D项正确。【词汇积累】gather v. 聚集；集合；召集leap n. 跳跃；骤变intern n. 实习学生；毕业实习生incredibly adv. 极端地；极其【难句分析】

24、原文：By leaving Texas, I learned that it is so much more rewarding to try the unfamiliar than to stay in the comfortable.通过离开德克萨斯，我认识到，尝试陌生的事物比待在舒适的地方更有价值。(最后一段第一句)分析：本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，By leaving Texas为介词短语作方式状语。CThere are many interesting science experiments out there for young kids. You can wow yo

25、ur friends and teachers with them. All you have to do is put a little effort into it and you should have no problem coming up with an interesting science experiment. One such experiment is to show your friends and teachers that you can make mothballs (樟脑丸) dance!If you want to do it, first, be sure

26、that you have got all the necessary science kits (工具箱) for your science experiment. What you need for this experiment is a glass filled half full with water. Add a little bit of vinegar to your glass of water, about 1/3 or 1/4 of a cup (60 ml), and one teaspoon (10 ml) of baking soda, and then caref

27、ully stir the mixture. Drop a few mothballs into the glass and have your audience watch. As long as the surfaces of the mothballs become fairly rough, they should begin to bounce up and down in the glass.You can also do a similar experiment with raisins (葡萄干) and clear pop, such as Sprite. In this e

28、xperiment, all you have to do is fill a glass with Sprite and drop a few raisins into it. The raisins should begin to bounce up and down in the glass of Sprite. You can also replace the raisins with mothballs and you should get the same effect in the Sprite. This project works because the irregular

29、surfaces of the mothballs and the raisins hold some CO2 bubbles (气泡), causing them to bounce up and down in a dancing motion.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了怎么做一个简单而有趣的科学实验。9The writer wrote this passage to .Aexplain why some science experiments are easyBencourage people to spend more time on scienceCtell u

30、s how good he is at doing science experimentsDteach kids how to do an easy and interesting science experiment答案：D推理判断题。通读全文，可知作者主要向我们介绍了怎么做一个简单而有趣的科学实验，故选D。10The underlined word “pop” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to a .Amothball Bkind of vinegarCdrink with bubbles Dspecial kind of raisin答案：C词义猜测题。

31、根据画线词所在句中的“such as Sprite”以及段尾的“hold some CO2 bubbles (气泡)”可知pop在这里是指汽水，即含有气泡的饮料。11From the last paragraph we can know .Awhy Sprite has some CO2 bubblesBwhat people usually use Sprite for Cwhat scientists usually do with raisinsDwhy the mothballs bounce up and down答案：D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“This project w

32、orks because the irregular surfaces of the mothballs and the raisins hold some CO2 bubbles (气泡), causing them to bounce up and down in a dancing motion.”可知，最后一段解释了樟脑丸为什么会上下跳动。【词汇积累】come up with 提出，想出，赶上stir v. 搅拌mixture n. 混合物rough adj. 粗糙的【难句分析】原文：This project works because the irregular surfaces o

33、f the mothballs and the raisins hold some CO2 bubbles (气泡), causing them to bounce up and down in a dancing motion. 这个项目之所以成功是因为樟脑丸和葡萄干的不规则表面会保留一些二氧化碳气泡， 导致它们上下跳动。(最后一段最后一句)分析：本句为主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句，从句中causing . 为现在分词作结果状语。.语法填空(2020山东省德州市武城五中高三月考)I was returning to my home and stuck in the traffi

34、c. Among the busy 1 (vehicle) was an ambulance, whose driver was trying 2 (get) out of traffic jams and the patient was fighting with his illness. Some people were giving space to the ambulance but others were not, 3 shows that there are good people in the world and there are 4 (self) people as well

35、. If the ambulance could not find the way, the patient had to risk 5 (lose) his life on the way.Each life on the earth is important, whether it is a human being or an animal. What will be the difference if we think 6 (much) of others than of ourselves? Maybe it is only for 15 minutes every day, then

36、 many mistakes can 7 (avoid). When people notice our kindness, they will return it one day. So learn to show our kindness. Trust me, I have tried and 8 works wonder honestly.The true value of life is not in what we get 9 what we give. If we can give more than receive, well 10 (strength) the harmony

37、among people and live in a better world.1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在回家的路上遇到了交通阻塞，救护车也难以通行，由此作者想到做人不能太自私。1vehicles考查名词。该句为倒装句，句子主语为an ambulance，所以谓语动词用单数的was, was之前不是主语，根据among判断应填复数形式，故用vehicles。2to get考查非谓语动词。此处表示“救护车设法摆脱交通堵塞”，try to do sth. “努力做某事”，故填to get。3which考查定语从句的引导词

38、。根据句子结构判断，此处应填which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指代的是前面句子的内容。故填which。4selfish考查词性转换。此处需要形容词作定语修饰people，结合句意判断应填selfish，表示“自私的人们”。5losing考查非谓语动词。risk doing sth. “冒做某事的风险”，所以应填动名词形式作宾语。6more考查副词的比较级。根据后面的than判断，此处应用比较级形式，表示“多为别人着想”。7be avoided考查动词的语态。avoid “避免”，与主语mistakes为动宾关系，所以应填被动语态形式。8it考查代词。work wonder “创造奇迹；取得惊人成就”。根据上下文判断，此处指的是“学会表现出善良” 会创造奇迹，所以应填it，代替“learn to show our kindness”作主语。9but考查固定用法。此处为“not . but .”句型，表示“不是而是”。10strengthen考查词性转换。此处需要动词作谓语，所以应变为strengthen，表示“加强；强化”。