2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第2部分 第十一讲　构词法 WORD版含答案.doc

1、第十一讲构词法课标卷中的阅读理解与完形填空中约含有2.5%的派生词或合成词，对这部分词汇的掌握程度直接决定着做题质量；构词法还是语法填空中必考的题目，同时，短文改错中也不乏对构词法的考查。考点一派生法(一)名词后缀1动词变名词的后缀后缀例词ion/tion/sion/ationcorrectcorrection 改正celebratecelebration 庆祝；庆祝会concludeconclusion 结论；结束discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论decidedecision 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学attractattraction 吸引invitein

2、vitation 邀请explainexplanation 解释graduategraduation 毕业expectexpectation 期望er/ordrivedriver 司机；驾驶员gathergatherer 收集者；采集者conductconductor 指挥；售票员teachteacher 老师announceannouncer 播音员mentpunishpunishment 惩罚achieveachievement功绩；成就argueargument辩论；论据treattreatment对待；治疗equipequipment 装备；设备governgovernment 政府a

3、nce/enceappearappearance出现；外貌guideguidance指引；指导performperformance表演；节目existexistence存在；生存preferpreference偏爱referreference参考；查阅inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning开始ureturefailfailure失败；没做到presspressure压力mixmixture混合；混合物departdeparture离开；出发yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery发现其他choosechoice选择varyvari

4、ety多样化；种类tendtendency趋向；趋势2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency效率；功效fluentfluency流利；流畅accurateaccuracy准确性privateprivacy隐私；私密domfreefreedom自由；自主wisewisdom明智；智慧encedifferentdifference差异silentsilence沉默nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness粗心大意thstrongstrength 力气；

5、强项warmwarmth温暖；热情y/ty/ityhonesthonesty 诚实difficultdifficulty困难cruelcruelty残酷；残暴safesafety安全disabledisability无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility责任(二)形容词、副词后缀1动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable舒适的fashionfashionable时髦的suitsuitable合适的reasonreasonable有道理的almusicmusical音乐的originorigin

6、al最初的personpersonal个人的；私人的centercentral中央的；中心的naturenatural自然的；天生的fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful健忘的harmharmful有害的hopehopeful有希望的peacepeaceful和平的edscarescared 感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊异的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的ibleaccessaccessible容易取得的horrorhorribl

7、e可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible可怕的iveactactive积极的；活跃的effecteffective有效的；生效的attractattractive有吸引力的impressimpressive给人深刻印象的ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious忧虑的cautioncautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious好奇的humorhumorous幽默的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome麻烦的ytastetasty美味的；可口的healthhealthy健康的wealthwe

8、althy富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern东方的；向东的ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish自私的2.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加lyslow慢的slowly缓慢地改y为ilyhappy高兴的happily高兴地去e加lytrue真的truly真地(三)形容词、名词变动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀enableenable 使能够largeenlarge 扩大richenrich 使充实后缀enbroadbroaden (使)变宽riperipen (使)成熟sharpsharpen 使尖锐

9、widewiden 加宽ifyclassclassify 把分类justjustify 证明正确simplesimplify 简化izeapologyapologize 道歉emphasisemphasize 强调(四)表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀disagreedisagree不同意advantagedisadvantage缺点illegalillegal不合法的logicalillogical不合逻辑的impoliteimpolite无礼的patientimpatient不耐烦的前缀informalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient不方便

10、的irregularirregular不规则的responsibleirresponsible不负责任的misleadmislead误导understandmisunderstand误解unusualunusual不寻常的willingunwilling不愿意的后缀less,hopehopeless绝望的endendless没完没了的考点二转化法不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。动词名词lookhave a look 看一看surveymake a survey调查walktake a walk 散步名词动词button n纽扣v.扣纽扣book n书v.预订sea

11、t n座位v.容纳back n背部v.支持形容词动词slow adj.慢的v.减慢narrow adj.窄的v.缩小warm adj.暖和的v.加热考点三合成法合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式(有的合成词中间需加连字符)。合成词的词义可以根据各个组成部分的意思加以推断。构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词也可以是词性不同的词。高中阶段常见的合成形式有：合成名词notebook笔记本；classroom教室；blackboard黑板；teamwork协力；spaceship宇宙飞船；woodcut木刻合成形容词lifelong毕生的；secondhand二手的；manmade人

12、工的；widespread广泛的合成动词underline在下面画线；whitewash粉饰；broadcast广播；download下载.单句语法填空1(2017高考全国新课标卷)The Central London Railway was one of the most _(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.2(2017高考全国新课标卷)However, be _(care) not to go to extremes.3(2016高考江苏卷)Can you tell us your recipe for _ (happ

13、y) and a long life?Living every day to the full，definitely.4(2015高考广东卷) _ (lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.5I cannot control my body well.My legs become _ (pain)6There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint)7She was _ (s

14、urprise) helpful.8“That would be a very _ (reason) thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said.9But such a small thing couldnt _ (possible) destroy a village.10Mary felt _ (please)，because there were many empty seats in the room.【答案】1.successful2.careful3.happ

15、iness4.Luckily5painful6.disappointed7.surprisingly8.reasonable9possibly10.pleased.单句改错1The man was so careful that he missed his train._2Do you know the deep of the river?_3“Whats that？” the father shouted angry._4If you do that，youll get punish._5Hearing the shocked news，she cried._【答案】1.carefulcar

16、eless2.deepdepth3.angryangrily4.punishpunished5.shockedshocking.语法填空AA group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and emptied almost 200 private 1._ (safety)They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 2._ (equip) to dig holes and destroy walls on Saturday night.Th

17、ey tied up a 3._ (secure) guard and spent the next nine hours robbing the bank.One 4._ (investigate) described the 5._ (rob) as a “6._ (profession) job”The robbers came in at about 22：00 on Saturday and left at 7：00 on Sunday.They entered through the basements of the 7._ (neighbour) building，digging

18、 through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80cm thick to get into the bank，which was having building works at the time.When they left，the robbers set the place on fire to 8._ (move) any trace of evidence，switching on the antifire system and flooding the building.9._ (fortune)，the

19、guard escaped 10._ (harm)It is difficult to estimate the total value of what was stolen as only the banks clients (储户) know the content of their private safes.【答案】1.safes2.equipment3.security4.investigator5robbery6.professional7.neighbouring8.remove9Fortunately10.unharmedBFrom the 1._(express) on Ma

20、rys face，he knew he left a bad 2._(impress) on her and if she won the 3._(elect) to become chairman of the Environment 4._(organize)，he could not get her 5._(permit)to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of 6._(pollute)and to help people enjoy a better earth.When he was wo

21、ndering how to change this embarrassing situation，he got 7._ (inspire) from his wifes words.Yes，he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his 8._(determine) to work for the organization.“My dear，you are really a wonderful 9._(help)！Im sure I will be the 10._ (win) of the election.” He said to his wife excitedly.【答案】1.expression2.impression3.election4Organization5.permission6.pollution7.inspiration8determination9.helper10.winner