2019年英语新同步外研必修五讲义：MODULE 1 SECTION Ⅳ OTHER PARTS OF THE MODULE WORD版含答案.doc

1、Section_Other_Parts_of_the_Module原文呈现The Man Who Made Spelling SimpleIn English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound. So people say/raIt/but spell it right, or write, or even rite. Combinations of letters (like ough) may be pronounced in a number of ways. And some words just see

2、m to have too many letters.For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778. As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence, and he felt that written English in the newly indep

3、endent United States should have a distinctive“American” look.读文清障not always并不总是，表示部分否定。represent vt.代表；象征combination/kmbIneIn/n.组合；结合in a number of ways以多种方式a little bit稍微thanks to幸亏，多亏graduate from毕业于a teacher是Noah Webster的同位语，who引导定语从句，修饰a teacher。as a young man年轻时，注意as不要直译为“作为”。fight against与作斗争

4、；为反对而斗争fight for为而斗争distinctive/dIstIktIv/adj.与众不同的look/lk/n.外观；外表；样子用作复数时，意为“相貌”。简化拼写的人第12段译文在英语中单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音。所以人们说/raIt/，但是拼写成right或write，甚至rite。字母的组合(如ough)可能有很多发音方式，并且一些单词看上去有太多的字母。对美国人来说，事情(单词拼写)稍微容易些，这多亏了一位叫诺亚韦伯斯特的人，他是一位1778年毕业于耶鲁大学的教师。年轻时，他就参加过反对英国的美国独立战争，并且他觉得书面英语在新独立的美国应该有明显的“美国”特色。So he

5、began his work on American English. His first book, The Elementary Spelling Book, suggested simplifying the spelling of English words. The book was extremely popular. By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.Many of the suggestions we

6、re quickly adopted. Center instead of centre, program instead of programme, and flavor instead of flavour. Others, however, such as removing silent letters like the s in island or the final e in examine, were not.Webster is best known for his American Dictionary of the English Language, which first

7、appeared in 1828. It introduced lots of new American words, with information about their pronunciation and use, and, of course, the new spelling. The British criticised the dictionary, but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States. Today, Websters dictionary is still the number one d

8、ictionary for American students.suggest doing .建议做simplify/sImplIfaI/vt.简化extremely adv.尤其，非常现在分词短语在此处作结果状语。ever与最高级连用，意为“空前，有史以来”；与比较级连用，意为“曾经，以往任何时候”，用来加强语气。adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养注意形似词adapt，意为“使适应，改编”。silent letters不发音的字母be best known for因而最著名原级：be well known forwhich引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词American Dictionary

9、 of the English Language。introduce vt.引进pronunciation n发音， pronounce v发音criticise/krItIsaIz/vt.批评criticise sb. for sth.因某事批评某人standard/stndd/adj.标准的reference/refrns/n.参考；查阅a reference book参考书第35段译文因此他开始了美式英语的工作。他的第一本书，基础拼读教材，建议简化英语单词的拼写。这本书非常受欢迎。到19世纪50年代，每年售出100万册，结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一。,许多建议很快被采纳了。ce

10、nter代替了centre， program代替了programme， flavor代替了flavour。然而，其他的，例如去掉island中不发音的字母s和examine中的最后一个字母e，则没有被采纳。,韦伯斯特最出名的是他的美国英语词典，这本词典在1828年首次出版。书中引进了大量新的美式单词，且带有它们的发音和用法，当然也有新的拼写方式。英国人批评该词典，但是在美国它却很快成为标准的参考书。今天，韦伯斯特的词典对于美国学生来说依然是头号重要的词典。Read the passage The Man Who Made Spelling Simple and choose the best

11、answers.1What is Webster best known for?AThe Elementary Spelling Book.BFighting against the British.CSimplifying some English words.DAmerican Dictionary of the English Language.2Why did Noah Webster begin his work on American English?ABecause he graduated from Yale University.BBecause he fought agai

12、nst the French as a young man.CBecause he thought written English in the new country should have a distinctive “American” look.DBecause the newly independent country had no written English.3Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?AWebster was a teacher.BHe fought against the British.CHe

13、wrote The Elementary Spelling Book.DHe led the American War of Independence.4Which of the following is NOT true?ABritish spelling seems simpler than American spelling.BWebster graduated from Yale University.CAmerican Dictionary of the English Language first appeared in 1828.DAmerican Dictionary of t

14、he English Language is still of great use.答案：14DCDA一、 这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.rapidly adv.迅速地2.edition n. (广播、电视节目的)期；版3.cute adj. 逗人喜爱的4.present vt. 陈述；提出(观点、计划等)5.attempt n. 努力；尝试6.distinctive adj. 与众不同的7.look n. 外观；外表；样子.拓展词汇1.announcement n声明；宣告announce vt.宣布；宣告2.add vt.加；增加addition n增添；添加3.simp

15、lify vt.简化simple adj.简单的bination n组合；结合combine v使结合5.reference n参考；查阅refer v参考；查阅1.rapidly adv.迅速地同义quickly adv.迅速地，很快地fast adj.迅速的，快速的adv.迅速地directly adv.直接地；立即；马上swiftly adv.很快地2. edition n(广播、电视节目的)期；版记法词根edit(编辑)tion(名词后缀)联想盘点后缀tion名词situation情况；形势；处境starvation饿死；挨饿operation手术 reaction反应，感应3.dis

16、tinctive adj.与众不同的联想后缀tive形容词荟萃attractive吸引人的 creative有创造性的active活跃的 instructive有教育意义的二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.on the air 正在广播2.get used to 习惯于3.so far 迄今为止4.a couple of 两三个5.pick up (偶然)学会；捡起；搭载6.wear off 磨损；慢慢消失7.belong to 属于8.in favour of 同意；支持9.refer to .as . 称为10.thanks to 由于；幸亏，多亏1.as you know正如你所

17、知道的2.give your views on the subject 说明你对这个话题的观点3.most native speakers of English 大多数以英语为母语的人municate with nonnative speakers as well as native speakers和非本地人交流，同样也和本地人交流5.varieties of Chinese 汉语的变体6.one fifth of the worlds population世界人口的五分之一7.a little bit easier 稍微容易些8.a standard reference book 一本标准

18、的参考书三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.As you know, every week on this programme we discuss an aspect of the way we live now .正如大家所知道的，本栏目每个星期都要讨论我们现在生活的一个方面你应该像我那样去传球。当the way作先行词且在从句中作状语时，定语从句可以用that/in which或省略关系词。You should pass the ball the_way_(that/_in_which)_I_did_it.2.Im getting on just fine, now that I und

19、erstand the local accent.由于我懂得了当地方言，所以一切都很顺利。既然你已经长大了，就不应该依赖父母了。now that意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句。Now_that_you_have_grown_up,_you should not rely on your parents.3.By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.到19世纪50年代，每年售出100万册，结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一

20、。中国建了更多的高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更便利了。现在分词短语作结果状语。More highways have been built in China, making_it_much_easier_for_people_to_travel from one place to another.1(教材P7)If Callum picked up the local accent he started to use it.如果凯乐姆学会当地口音，他就会开始使用它。pick up (偶然)学会；开车(接某人)；接收(节目、信号)；买到某物；改进，(身体)好转；捡起，举起一词多义写出下列句中pic

21、k up的含义You will soon pick up after a day or two in bed.好转When living in England, he picked up some English.(偶然)学会You can pick up BBC News with a shortwave radio.接收We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.开车(接某人)We managed to pick up a few bargains at the auction.买到某物联想发散常见的“动词up”型短语

22、还有：put up修建，举起，张贴 go up上升，上涨turn up出现，把声音调大 take up占据give up放弃 bring up提出；教育；培养2(教材P8)Now add some more ideas in favour of your chosen variety.现在再补充一些观点来支持你所选择的种类。add vt.加；增加；补充说add . to .在中加上add to 增加；增添add up 加起来add up to 总计，总共有“I quite agree to your plan.” he added.他补充说：“我十分同意你的计划。”The bad weathe

23、r only added_to our difficulties.恶劣的天气更增加了我们的困难。Will you add more sugar to the coffee?咖啡里你需要再加些糖吗？He added_up those numbers and they added_up_to 5,050.他把那些数字加起来，它们合计为5 050。in favour of 同意；支持帮某人一个忙 请求某人帮忙in sb.s favour 有利于某人Are you in favour of his opinion that British English will disappear?你赞成他的英式英

24、语会消失的观点吗？Could you do_me_a_favour to favour us? If so, the situation will be in_our_favour.你能帮我一个忙来支持我们吗？如果这样的话，局势会对我们有利。联想发散类似in favour of的“inn.of”结构的短语还有：in place of代替in charge of负责，管理in case of万一 in need of需要in face of面对，面临 in search of 寻找3(教材P8)Present your ideas to the rest of the class.向班里其他同学

25、陈述你的想法。present(1)vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；赠给present sth. to sb.向某人提出/陈述某事；向某人颁发某物present sb. with sth. 向某人颁发/赠送某物Some girl students presented the foreign visitors with flowers/presented flowers to the foreign visitors as soon as they arrived.这些外国参观者一到达，一些女学生就向他们赠送了鲜花。(2)adj.the present day/situation现在/现状at

26、the present time 目前be present at 出席，到场The practice has continued from medieval times to the_present_day.这种做法从中世纪时期一直延续至今。(3)n.礼物；目前for the present就目前来说，暂时up to the present 直到现在at present 目前，现在Ive got enough money for_the_present,_but I must go to the bank tomorrow.我的钱暂时还够用，但我明天必须去银行。Im sorry hes out

27、 at_present.很抱歉他这会儿不在。语境串记The boss was not satisfied with the present plan, so he asked the engineers present at the meeting to present a new one in a day.老板对当前的计划不满意，所以他要求出席会议的工程师们在一天之内提出一个新的计划。4(教材P8)The Chinese refer to their language as Han, as it became popular among the people during the Han D

28、ynasty.中国人把自己的语言称为汉语，是因为该语言早在汉朝就在人们中流行了。refer to . as .称为refer to参考，查阅；提到，涉及；与相关reference n. 提及，谈到；参考；查阅for quick/easy/further reference以便快速/容易/日后查阅reference book 参考书People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人”。We all agreed never to refer_to_the_ma

29、tter again.我们一致同意永远不再提这件事。A vocabulary index is included for_easy_reference.附有词汇索引以便查阅。联想发散我们还学过以下表示“把看做/称为”的短语：regard . as, look on . as, treat . as, think of . as, consider . as等。5(教材P9)Can you see any similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese?你能找出韦伯斯特的工作同简化汉语的尝试之间的相同点吗？a

30、ttempt n努力；尝试 vt.试图，企图；尝试make an attempt to do/at doing sth.试图做某事at ones/the first attempt 某人第一次尝试attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事attempted adj. 未遂的，企图的She made an attempt to get/at getting them on the telephone, but nobody was home.她试着与他们取得电话联系， 但家里没有人。He was as proud as a peacock when he passed his drivin

31、g test at_his/the_first_attempt.当在第一次尝试中通过驾照考试时，他得意洋洋。He attempted to_work (work) out the question, but failed, which made him a bit blue.他试图算出那道题，但没算出来，这使他有点郁闷。A prisoner is being questioned in reference to the attempted (attempt) escape last night.昨晚逃跑未遂的一个犯人正在被审问。辨析比较attempt, manageattempt表示试图做某事

32、，但不一定有结果，与try同义，但比try正式manage表示设法成功做成某事选用以上单词填空They attempted to climb the steepest part of the mountain, but failed. They didnt lose heart and tried again. At last, they managed to get to the top of the mountain.6.(教材P9)For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webste

33、r, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778.对美国人来说，事情(单词拼写)稍微容易些，这多亏了一位叫诺亚韦伯斯特的人，他是一位1778年毕业于耶鲁大学的教师。thanks to幸亏，多亏(多作状语)；由于Thanks to the timely help, many lucky people survived the earthquake.多亏了及时的帮助，很多幸运的人得以在地震中幸存下来。Thanks_to the disease, I have the opportunity to improve my character

34、.由于疾病，我有机会磨炼自己的意志。名师点津thanks to表示原因时暗含“感激”之意，其中to是介词。常见的其他表示“原因”的短语：because of因为，由于due to 因为，由于(作表语或状语)owing to 因为，由于(作状语)as a result of 由于on account of 由于He had to retire because_of ill health.他因为健康问题不得不退休。Our delay was due_to the heavy traffic.我们的延误是因为交通拥堵。1As you know, every week on this programm

35、e we discuss an aspect of the way we live now, and todays topic is the language we speak English.正如大家所知道的，本栏目每个星期都要讨论我们现在生活的一个方面，今天的话题是我们所说的语言英语。本句中the way后接定语从句，省略了引导词that。此时that为关系副词，相当于in which，在从句中作方式状语。(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。No one likes t

36、he way (that/in which) he treats the child.没人喜欢他对待那个孩子的方式。(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.在会议上提出的方法不切实际。(3)way表示“方式，方法”时，其后还可接不定式或“ofdoing sth.”的形式。Can you show us the way to keep apples?Can you show us the_way_of_keep

37、ing apples?你能教我们保存苹果的方法吗？2By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.到19世纪50年代，每年售出100万册，结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一。(1)句中making it one of the most popular school books ever为现在分词短语作结果状语，是由上文的原因推出的一个必然结果。By 1820, the population of New York had g

38、rown to about 125,000, making it the largest city in the USA.到1820年，纽约的人口增长到大约125 000人，使它成为美国最大的城市。She left the room so hurriedly, leaving (leave) the lights on for the whole night.她离开房间时太匆忙了，结果(忘了关灯而)让灯亮了整整一个晚上。(2)表示结果的现在分词短语通常放在句子的后面，其前常用逗号隔开，分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或therefore (因而，因此)。Carbon burns in oxyg

39、en or air, thus forming carbon dioxide.碳在氧气或空气中燃烧，这样就形成了二氧化碳。名师点津 现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然、顺理成章的结果；而动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，有时为了加强语气，还在其前面加only。He hurried to the booking office, only to_be_told (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out.他匆匆去了售票处，却被告知票已售完。.单句语法填空1Material about recent research added (add) to

40、 this new edition has attracted many readers.2Heres a tip I picked up from my mother.3He dropped the glass on the ground, breaking (break) it into pieces.4The group planned to present this plan to the president.5The player made an attempt at the world record, but failed.6There are several reference

41、(refer) books for you to choose from.完成句子1He picked_up_a_wallet on the way to picking_up_his_daughter yesterday.昨天他在接他女儿的路上捡到一个钱包。2Please add_up_the_numbers and Im sure they will add_up_to_more_than_2,000.请把这些数字加起来，我相信总数将会超过2 000。3Its reported that thirty people were_present_at_the_meeting yesterday

42、.据报道，昨天有30人出席了会议。4It was silly of him to_refer_to_his_notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.他在那次重要测试中查阅笔记是非常愚蠢的，结果他受到了惩罚。5It was thanks_to_Jennys_timely_help that we accomplished the task on time.正是由于珍妮的及时帮助，我们才按时完成了任务。6What really matters at a debate is not what you say

43、 but the_way_(that/in_which)_you_say_it.在辩论中重要的不是你说了什么而是你说话的方式。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写1The little girl is so cute (逗人喜爱的) that everyone likes her.2She has a very distinctive (与众不同的) way of walking.3A new chapter is included in the second edition (版)4We would like to present (提出) some suggestion

44、s which will help settle the question.5After repeated attempts (尝试) they finally succeeded.6Try to simplify (简化) your explanation for the children.7Generations of students have learnt to repeat the standard (标准的) explanations.8He carried on the business in combination (联合) with his friends.9He criti

45、cised (批评) me for failing to complete the work on time.10The library contains a large number of foreign language reference (参考) books.单句改错1Its surprising that your brother picked out Russian so quickly he hasnt lived there very long.outup2Youd better add up to your scores and see if you have passed

46、the exam.去掉to3A new stadium is being built in present in our city. Work on it will complete in another two months.第一个inat4If you come across an unknown English word, you can refer with your edictionary to find its meaning.withto5Thank to your help, I got the first in the finalterm English examinatio

47、n.ThankThanks6The bell indicated the end of the period rang, interrupted our heated discussion.interruptedinterrupting.选词填空in favour of， refer to . as .， make an attempt， in combination with， thanks to， in reference to， pick up， get used to1Weve reached our goal of D|S50,000, thanks_to the generosit

48、y (慷慨) of the public.2Are you in_favour_of my plan or against it?3I made_an_attempt to talk to him but he took no notice of me.4Never take this medicine in_combination_with alcohol (酒) or you will die.5The man likes to refer_to his cat as his girlfriend.6Young people are picking_up some Internet wor

49、ds.7These kids used to live in a small village. It took them almost a year to get_used_to living in a large city.8She kept saying horrible things in_reference_to the film.本单元语言点温故练习.单句语法填空1They find it very difficult to finish their work in two days.2My friend suggested that I (should)_make (make) m

50、ore efforts to improve my oral English.3The shocked (shock) look on her face suggested that she couldnt believe what her manager said.4Hes giving her French lessons in exchange for her teaching him English.5Natural disasters have obviously (obvious) contributed to the continents economic crisis.6Its

51、 a headache trying to get around in a strange town. I will just take a taxi and avoid all the trouble.7Unless some extra money is_found (find), the theatre will close.8The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers are_repairing (repair) one of the main pipes.完成句子1As we all know,

52、the earth travels_around_the_sun.众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。2She is always helping_other_people.她总是帮助别人。3The students will_have_five_English_classes per week this term.本学期学生每周要上五节英语课。4Jim is_going_to_be_a_scientist when he grows up.吉姆长大后要当科学家。5I was_about_to_go_to_have_dinner when he called me up.我正要去吃饭，这时他给我打电话。

53、6So far, the disease has_not_been_so_terrible as it seems to be.到目前为止，这种疾病没有它看起来那么糟糕。7Any change in lifestyle will make_a_difference_to_your_health.生活方式的任何变化都会影响你的健康。8Though he came from a family similar_to_mine,_we have little similarity in taste.虽然他和我来自相似的家庭，但我们的嗜好没有相似之处。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解Upload

54、ing countless selfies (自拍照), writing personal status updates, and checking your messages every other minute seem like just a part of modern daily life, right? These are the markers of the relationship we all have with social media now, which started out just as a way to communicate with one another.

55、According to a recent study by experts at the University of Georgia, there may be more to it than that. The findings suggested some unmistakable correlations between social media use and whats known as “grandiose narcissism (浮夸的自恋)”. People crazily post their pictures and update their personal statu

56、s online to make themselves known to others. Their posts are always in their very best light. After all, its a quick and easy way to get some muchneeded attention.When does social media use become a problem? The University of Georgia carried out the research according to the following questions: How

57、 long do people spend on social media? How often do they tweet or update statuses? How many friends or followers do they have? How many selfies do they tend to post? If you do all the above things, it likely sends signals about your personality. All of these online actions have one thing in common:

58、They are all ways in which we try to promote ourselves online. Therefore, its how you use the platform that counts.Then, exactly how much time spent online is too much? The researchers didnt measure. However, another study from Baylor University listed SALIENCE (social platforms becoming necessary i

59、n your daily life) and EUPHORIA (the feeling of excitement when you use them) among other things as signs of addiction. That is to say, if you are always busy with social media on a daily basis, it could be a sign that you have a harmful relationship with it.Therefore, its how you use the platform t

60、hat matters. Social media itself means no harm. Instead, more benefits can be got if you use it carefully and wisely.语篇解读：很多人在日常生活中已离不开社交媒体，社交媒体在一定程度上已变成一个展示自我的平台。1According to the author, whats the original purpose of social media?ATo post selfies.BTo make new friends.CTo share personal life.DTo ex

61、change information.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“which started out just as a way to communicate with one another”可知，社交媒体出现的最初目的是方便人们交流信息。2According to research of the University of Georgia, _.Asocial media has become a stage to show oneselfBmost social media users have become addicted to itCwhat appears on soc

62、ial media is not always trustworthyDits necessary for us to check our messages from time to time解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“People crazily post their pictures and update their personal status online to make . muchneeded attention.”可知，调查发现，社交媒体已成为人们自我展示的平台。3What can we know from the last but one paragraph?ANo

63、wadays most people use social media too much.BWe should get rid of social media from our daily life.CWhether one has social media addiction can be measured.DScientists have given the suggested time spent on social media.解析：选C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, another study . among other things as signs of addic

64、tion.”可推断，研究人员已有判断对社交媒体的使用是否上瘾的标准。4From the passage, we can know that the author thinks social media _.Acan be a useful tool in our lifeBshouldnt be used by teenagersCcan give us more friendsDhas brought much harm to society解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为如何使用社交媒体是关键，使用得当，可以给我们带来很多益处。.语法填空At each stage of

65、 our life, we meet different kinds of people. Some are funny; some teach us lessons in life while others occupy a special space in our heart. The people _1_ (call) “best friends” are just these special friends.In our childhood, “best friends” might have meant the persons who are always by our side,

66、_2_ it may be in the classroom or in the dining hall. However, as we are getting _3_(old) than before, our definition (定义) of “best friends” changes. In my opinion, best friends are those who love you _4_ who you are and help you become who you should be. People in our life come and go, but some peo

67、ple stay. They are the people we should never lose.True friends are those who will never abandon you when you need them most. They are always there _5_ (wait) for you and they love you when you forget to love _6_ (you). The best feeling in the whole world is knowing that there is _7_ person who alwa

68、ys prays for us and always keeps us in their thoughts. Friendship may not _8_ (necessary) be based on age, but it is based on _9_ (understand). Even our parents can be our best friends! So let us build our friendship and try our best _10_ (see) the good side of everyone!1_2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._答案：1.called2.whether3.older4.for5.waiting6.yourself7.a8.necessarily9.understanding10to see