2019年英语新同步译林选修八（江苏专用）讲义：UNIT 4 SECTION Ⅳ GRAMMAR .doc

1、Section_Grammar_&_Writing语法图解探究发现It was Mary who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.It was in the park that I met my old teacher yesterday.It is a pity that you didnt see the film yesterday evening.It was seven oclock when we reached the mountain village.It was yesterday that I met my o

2、ld teacher in the park.It was my old teacher that I met in the park yesterday.Maria, do tell us a little about the Venice Film Festival.It is a good idea that we will have a swim this Sunday.我的发现(1)以上句子中，句表示强调。(2)上述句子中表示强调时有两种表现形式。一种是用do/does/did动词原形表示；另一种是用强调句句型表示。(3)句中的that引导主语从句，it是形式主语。同样用法还有句。(

3、4)句中的it是代词；when引导时间状语从句。一、强调的功能和作用在表达中，强调是对句中的主语、宾语、状语或状语从句进行充分强调而采用的一种特殊的表达结构，强调是一种修辞方法，能起到突出信息的作用。二、强调的方式(一)强调句型1强调句型的基本结构He met an old friend in the park yesterday.他昨天在公园里碰见了一个老朋友。It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.(强调主语)It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yes

4、terday.(强调宾语)It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.(强调地点状语)It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.(强调时间状语)名师点津强调主语时，that/who后的谓语与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。即时演练1(1)对下列句子中加黑的部分进行强调I was reading English this morning.It_was_English_that_I_was_reading_this_morning.It_was_this_morn

5、ing_that_I_was_reading_English.I met Tom in the reading room yesterday afternoon.It_was_Tom_that_I_met_in_the_reading_room_yesterday_afternoon.(2)(重庆高考)It was with the help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued.AwhoBthatCwhen Dhow解析：选B句意：在当地导游的帮助下那位爬山者获救了。这是一个It is/was .that .强调句型。判断

6、的标准是：把It is/was和that去掉，然后调整句子的顺序看句子是否成立。如果成立，就是强调句型，反之则不是。2强调句型的“多变”形式(1)一般疑问式：Is/Was it 被强调部分 that 句子的其他部分(陈述语序)?Is it in front of the religious leader that the bride and the groom stand together to be married?新郎、新娘是一起站在宗教领袖面前来结婚的吗？(2)特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词 is/was it that 句子的其他部分(陈述语序)?Who was it that you wan

7、ted to sponsor?你想资助谁？How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?明天你怎么去看她呢？(3)not . until强调句式：It is/was not until . that 句子的其他部分(肯定式，且须用陈述语序)此时not until不能分开。It was not until it stopped completely that we got off the bus.直到车停稳我们才下车。名师点津(1)区分下面两句：It was 7 oclock when he came back. (it指时间)他回来时7点钟了

8、。It was at 7 oclock that he came back. (强调句，强调at 7 oclock)他是7点钟回来的。(2)because可以用于强调句式，而since, as或why则不能。It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river. (不用as或since)正是由于水涨了，他们才没有渡过河去。即时演练2(1)(四川高考)Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down?Awhe

9、re BthatCwhich Dwhat解析：选B句意：是不是船沉了以后一个月他才在一个孤岛上被救？根据句中出现的it was及强调句型的判断方法可确定该题考查强调句型。故选B。(2)(湖南高考)Its not what we do once in a while _ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.Awhich BthatChow Dwhen解析：选B句意：不是我们偶尔做而是我们始终如一做的事情塑造了我们的生活。此处为强调句式。(3)(2015重庆高考)Bach died in 1750, but it was not until

10、the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized.Awhile BthoughCthat Dafter解析：选C句意：巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全承认。It is/was .that .是强调句型，本题被强调部分是时间状语“not until the early 19th century”。3强调句型与其他复杂结构的叠加It was the village where I was brought up that I visited yesterday.昨天我去看的是我成长的村子。(与定

11、语从句的叠加)I cant remember how many years ago it was that I entered the factory.我记不清到底是多少年前进厂的了。(与宾语从句的叠加)When I asked him when it was that he took my dictionary, he made no answer.当我问他究竟何时拿了我的字典时，他没回答。(与状语从句的叠加)名师点津判断强调句型的方法判断句子是否为强调句型，可以先把“It is/was .that”部分去掉，如果去掉后句子仍然完整，那么这个句子就是强调句型；如果去掉后句子不完整，则不是强调

12、句型。即时演练3(1)完成句子我真的不知道到底是何时丢了钱。I really dont know when_it_was_that I had my money lost.正是他的所作所为让我感到害怕。It_was_what_he_did that frightened me.(2)(2015湖南高考)It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.Awhich BthatCwhere Dhow解析：选B句意：正是在我回家的时

13、候我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时感觉是多么令人愉悦。根据句子结构，判断此句是一个强调句，强调“when we were returning home”；强调句常用句型：It is (was)被强调部分that (who) .。故选B。(二)对谓语动词的强调It is/was . that .结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语，用助动词do, did或does。Do accumulate some evidence during your stay there.你在那里期间务必要积累一些证据。He does come from a small village.他的确来自一个小村庄。The repo

14、rt did reveal that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation.报告的确披露了工人们受到了高强度地辐射。即时演练4(1)用do的适当形式填空Do be quiet, for the baby is sleeping.I did tell him about it yesterday.Mr Smith does run every morning.(2)(四川高考)If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.Ado devote Bdon

15、t devoteCdevoting Dnot devoting解析：选A句意：如果你有一份工作，务必要全力以赴地去做，最终你就会成功。if引导的是条件状语从句，空格处用动词原形构成祈使句，从而形成“祈使句and陈述句”结构。do用来加强语气，强调动词。(三)其他强调形式1可以通过加形容词、副词或短语来达到强调的目的。常见的形容词和副词有so, such, really, indeed, very, just, even, never, only等，常见的短语有in the world, on earth (到底，究竟), by no means (位于句首，句子要倒装)等。I have nev

16、er seen such a lazy person in my whole life.我一生中从来没有见过这么懒的人。What on earth has happened to him?他到底发生了什么事？What in the world are you doing there?你到底在那里干什么？2使用感叹、倒装、重复、双重否定、特殊时态等手法来达到强调目的。What fun it is to be with all my friends!和我所有的朋友在一起多开心啊！(感叹)Only in this way can we catch up with and surpass the wo

17、rlds advanced level of science and technology.只有这样，我们才能赶上并超过世界先进科技水平。(倒装)He is always complaining of being unfairly treated.他老是抱怨没有受到公正对待。(“always 进行时”在此表示不满)There is no one who does not make any mistakes in his lifetime.没有人一生当中不犯任何错误。(双重否定)即时演练5(1)句型转换(每空一词)China will never be the first to use nucl

18、ear weapons.Never will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.We can ignore the problems in no case.In no case can we ignore the problems.(2)(湖南高考)Not once _ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.Aoccurred it Bit did occurCit occurred Ddid it occur解析：选D句意：迈克尔从来没有想到过有一

19、天自己会成为他班上的一名尖子生。否定词not置于句首，所以此处用部分倒装。.单项填空1An awful accident _，however, occur the other day.Adoes BdidChas to Dhad to解析：选B句中的谓语动词是原形，但时间状语the other day表示“前几天”，因此排除A、C两项，再根据语意逻辑判断不可能“事故不得不发生”，因此D项也不对。句中的did用于强调谓语动词，表示“的确发生了”。2It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance.Awhich Bit Ctha

20、t Dthis解析：选C该题是对“not who is right but what is right”进行强调，在这种强调句式中，一般用that引出句子的其他部分。3Was it _ Stanley failed the driving test again _ made him depressed this morning?Yes, I cant agree more with you.Athat; which Bwhich; thatCwhich; which Dthat; that解析：选D句意：“是因为斯坦利再一次没通过驾驶考试使他今天上午感到郁闷吗？”“是的，我非常同意你的说法。”

21、分析句子结构可知，“Stanley failed the driving test again”是一个主语从句，且从句中不缺成分，故用that引导；而第二个空构成强调句式。故用that。4It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply.Asince BwhenCas Dthat解析：选D该句可以还原为：I didnt receive the managers reply until nearly a month later。此处为Its not until . that .强调句。5It was only

22、with the help of the local police _.Awas the mountain climber rescuedBthat the mountain climber was rescuedCwhen the mountain climber was rescuedDthen the mountain climber was rescued解析：选B该题是对原因状语的强调。可以还原为：The mountain climber was rescued only with the help of the local police。6It was with great joy

23、 _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.Abecause BwhichCsince Dthat解析：选D本句强调了状语“with great joy”， news后的同位语从句是对news的内容进行补充说明的。7It was George Orwell _ real name is Eric Arthur Blair _ wrote many political novels and essays.Awho; which Bwhose; whichCwho; that Dwhose; that解析：选D_ re

24、al name is Eric Arthur Blair是定语从句，whose在定语从句中作关系代词，表示“的”，先行词为George Orwell。题干整体为强调句式，强调的是主语George Orwell。8Is it my age _ the boss minds?Im afraid so. He will consider _ necessary to have an experienced assistant.Awhich; it Bthat; itCwhich; that Dthat; that解析：选B句意：“老板是介意我的年龄吗？”“恐怕是的，他会考虑有必要找一个有经验的助手。

25、”第一个空考查强调句式，强调宾语my age。第二个空考查it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语“to have an experienced assistant”。.完成句子1It was at_nine_oclock_last_night_that (就是昨晚九点) he went to the park.2How_many_times_on_earth_is_it (到底多少次) that you go to see your parents every month?3It was_not_until_he_told_me (直到他告诉我) that I knew the truth

26、.4Was_it_during_the_Second_World_War (正是在二战期间) that he died?5It was twelve oclock at midnight when_they_arrived_at_a_small_village (当他们到达一个小村庄时)6He does_like (真的很喜欢) the new bicycle his father gave him as a present.7Where on_earth (究竟) can she go on such a wonderful holiday?8She is the_last_person (

27、最不配的人选) for such a job.9Do_telephone (务必打电话) me when you get to the city.10The old man is the_very_person_Im_looking_for (正是我在寻找的人)一、主要内容写影视评论要对于影片的评论角度做出选择。通常评论者对于评论角度的选择应持这样的原则：第一：影片最突出的方面。第二：影片中最具有特色的方面。第三：具有思想价值的方面，即：1主题思想。即影片的主旨，是指影片通过人物塑造和生活场景描绘所表现出的中心思想，主题思想是编导处理题材时所要表现的核心思想。2人物形象。影片中的人物通常是人们

28、评论的重点，一部影片人物的塑造是否具有特色，是影片能否成功的关键。影片中有哪些突出特点，值得评论。二、增分佳句1A classic movie which was called The Shawshank Redemption made a deep impression on me.经典电影肖申克的救赎给我留下了深刻印象。2In my opinion, I strongly suggest that the government should maintain the harmony of our society, accept them and give them more encoura

29、gement.依我看，我强烈建议政府应当保持和谐社会，接受他们并且给予他们更多的鼓励。3The movie is directed by James Cameron, who is famous for the film Titanic.这部电影由詹姆斯卡梅隆导演，他曾因电影泰坦尼克号而出名。4The film is not just a love story but also an educational film.这部电影不仅仅是一个爱情故事，更是一部具有教育意义的影片。5The series stars Zhang Jiayi, Deng Chao and Dong Jie, who a

30、ll perform wonderfully.这部连续剧由张嘉译、邓超和董洁主演，他们表演得都很精彩。6It is worthwhile to watch/watching the TV play series.这部电视连续剧值得一看。题目要求英国喜剧影片憨豆先生以它幽默、夸张的喜剧效果博得全世界观众的喜爱，扮演主人公憨豆的演员也因此被冠以“世界级喜剧大师”的称号。不同阶层的人们之所以如此喜爱这部喜剧电影，是因为故事本身的幽默、演员丰富而夸张的肢体语言和非常到位的表情表演。请你根据提示写一篇150词左右的影评。1影片受到全世界观众的欢迎；2扮演者获得荣誉；3影片受欢迎的原因(可以自己添加)；4

31、自己对这部影片的观后感(自己发挥)。参考词汇：夸张exaggerate阶层class第一步：审题构思很关键一、审题1确定体裁：本文为影评。2确定人称：本文以第三人称为主。3确定时态：本文为影评，所以时态应以一般现在时为主。二、构思第一段：影片的主要特点：该片幽默，演员演技高超及获得荣誉。第二段：观后感：简单表述自己对影片的态度及希望人们也来观赏。第二步：核心词汇想周全1humorous幽默的2be_known_as 作为出名3comedic 喜剧的4quality 品质，素质5as_far_as_Im_concerned 就而言6bet 打赌第三步：由词扩句雏形现1最近我看了一部名叫憨豆先生的

32、幽默电影。(named 作定语)Recently I have watched a humorous film named Mr Bean.2.它如此幽默以至于全世界的人都非常喜欢它。(so . that .)It_is_so_humorous_that_all_the_people_in_the_world_like_it_very_much.3因为这部影片，它的演员被称为“世界级喜剧大师”。The_actor_is_known_as_“The_Comedic_Master_in_the_World”_for_this_film.4演员的喜剧和夸张效果使这部电影受欢迎。(make宾语形容词)

33、The_comedic_and_exaggerated_effect_of_the_actor_makes_the_film_so_popular.5尽管他愚蠢，然而他却有许多品质，如善良、诚实。(although引导让步状语从句)Although_he_is_a_fool,_he_has_some_qualities_such_as_kindness_and_honesty.6一些人长大后忘记某些品质。(afterv.ing)Some_people_forget_some_qualities_after_growing_up.7依我看，是憨豆先生的出色表演给人们印象最深。(强调句型)As_f

34、ar_as_Im_concerned,_it_is_Mr_Beans_good_performances_that_impress people_most.8希望你将来某一天去观赏这部电影。(in the future；宾语从句)I_hope_you_can_enjoy_this_film_some_day_in_the_future.第四步：句式升级造亮点1用The reason why . 句型改写句4The_reason_why_this_film_is_so_popular_is_the_comedic_and_exaggerated_effect_of_the_actor.2用as引

35、导让步状语从句和which引导定语从句将句5与句6合为一句Fool_as_he_is,_he_has_some_qualities_such_as_kindness_and_honesty_which_some_people_forget_after_growing_up.第五步：过渡衔接联成篇Recently I have watched a humorous film named Mr Bean. It is so humorous that all the people in the world like it very much. The actor is known as “The

36、Comedic Master in the World” for this film. The reason why this film is so popular is the comedic and exaggerated effect of the actor. The actor seems to be a fool in the film who is always doing something strange. Fool as he is, he has some qualities such as kindness and honesty which some people forget after growing up.As far as Im concerned, it is Mr Beans good performances that impress people most. So I hope you can enjoy this film some day in the future. I bet youll love it.